課本中不會(huì)教你的[A]44、allow，permit，let和promise

44　allow，permit，let和promise

① allow意為“準(zhǔn)許，允許”，指允許或聽(tīng)任別人做某事，常表示答應(yīng)，側(cè)重默許;allow也可以表示客氣的請(qǐng)求，結(jié)構(gòu)為：

allow sth./doing sth.

allow sb.+sth. (雙賓語(yǔ))

allow sb./oneself to be+形容詞(承認(rèn)……)

allow sb. to do sth.

be allowed to do sth.

We can't allow such a thing. 我們不能聽(tīng)任這種事情發(fā)生。

They didn't allow him to stay there. 他們不允許他待在那里。

You must allow yourself to be wrong. 你必須承認(rèn)你錯(cuò)了。

We don't allow smoking in the room. 不允許在房間里吸煙。

She was allowed to try again. 她被允許再試一次。

Please allow me to say a few words. 請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我說(shuō)幾句話(huà)。(客氣請(qǐng)求)

比較

We don't allow smoking here.

 

We don't allow to smoke here.

 

Mother did not allow her to go out.

 

Mother did not allow her going out.

 

② permit意為“允許，許可”，語(yǔ)氣比allow更正式，更強(qiáng)，表示的是積極允許，側(cè)重“允許”，結(jié)構(gòu)為：

permit sth./doing sth.

permit sb.+sth. (雙賓語(yǔ))

permit sb. to do sth.

if time/weather/health permits

We should not permit the waste of money. 我們不允許浪費(fèi)錢(qián)財(cái)。

We don't permit smoking in the office. 我們不允許在辦公室里抽煙。

Mother doesn't permit me to stay up late. 母親不許我熬夜。

I'll call on you if time permits. 如果時(shí)間允許的話(huà)，我將去看你。

提示

①permit和allow有時(shí)可通用，后面都可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，都可以表示客氣的請(qǐng)求。比較：

他們不許在這個(gè)湖里游泳。

They don't permit swimming in the lake.(正式說(shuō)法)

They don't allow swimming in the lake.(一般說(shuō)法)

Please permit me to explain. 請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我作解釋。

Please allow me to explain.

②permit和allow后不可跟不定式，也不可跟從句。比較：

They don't permit/allow to sit here.

 

They don't permit/allow that we sit here.

 

They don't permit/allow sitting here.

他們不允許坐在這里。

 

③permit和allow的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是帶to的不定式，但不能是現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞或不帶to的不定式。比較：

她不允許他們拍照。

She didn't permit/allow them taking photos.

 

She didn't permit/allow them take photos.

 

She didn't permit/allow them to take photos.

 

④非人的東西作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用permit，也可用allow。

The plan allows 20 minutes for dinner. 根據(jù)計(jì)劃安排，允許20分鐘時(shí)間吃飯。

【注意】表示下級(jí)對(duì)上級(jí)、幼輩對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩的尊敬的請(qǐng)求，主語(yǔ)為you時(shí)，應(yīng)用permit;主語(yǔ)為I時(shí)，應(yīng)用May I be allowed…?

Will you permit me to say a few words?請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我說(shuō)幾句話(huà)好嗎?

May I be allowed to say a few words?

③ let意為“讓?zhuān)试S”，指不加反對(duì)或阻止，也可用于命令、建議等，可指積極的允許，結(jié)構(gòu)為：

let sb./sth. do sth. (不帶to)

let sb./sth. in讓……進(jìn)來(lái)

let sb./sth. into sth. 讓……進(jìn)入

let sb./sth. out放出，泄露，發(fā)出

let sth.(boat，room，house)出租

Please let me know what has happened. 請(qǐng)告訴我發(fā)生了什么事。

Don't let the dog in. 不要把狗放進(jìn)來(lái)。

Who let you into the office?誰(shuí)讓你進(jìn)入辦公室的?

Mother won't let her out on Sundays. 母親不讓她星期天外出。

She has a house to let. 她有一所房子出租。

提示

①let通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);如要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常用be allowed代替be let。

Mother didn't let him go swimming. 母親不許他去游泳。

He was not allowed to go swimming.

 

但let表示“出租”時(shí)，可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

 

The house was let last week. 這所房子上周被出租了。

②表示征求他人的意見(jiàn)時(shí)，let's包括被征求意見(jiàn)的人和說(shuō)話(huà)人本人在內(nèi)，意為“讓我們”，反意問(wèn)句用shall we;而let us僅指說(shuō)話(huà)人本人在內(nèi)，被征求意見(jiàn)的人you為句子主語(yǔ)，被省略了，反意問(wèn)句用will you。比較：

Let's leave，shall we?讓我們離開(kāi)吧，好嗎?

Let us leave，will you?你讓我們離開(kāi)吧，好嗎?

④ promise意為“答應(yīng)，允諾”，指答應(yīng)某人的要求，提出某種積極的許諾，執(zhí)行這種承諾的人就是句子的主語(yǔ)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：

promise sth.

promise sb.+sth. (雙賓語(yǔ))

promise to do sth.

promise sb. to do sth.

promise+that從句

keep the promise (to do sth.，that從句)

I can't promise anything. 我不能作任何承諾。

She promised him a birthday present. 她答應(yīng)給他生日禮物。

He promised me not to go there again. 他答應(yīng)我不再去那里了。

She promised that she would lend me some money. 她答應(yīng)借給我一些錢(qián)。

She broke her promise to lend him the car. 她未能履行把車(chē)借給他的承諾。