課本中不會(huì)教你的753　介詞+which和介詞+whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句

753　介詞+which和介詞+whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句

◎ which和whom都可以用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，分別指物和人。which和whom引導(dǎo)定語從句并作賓語時(shí)，既可以作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。作介詞賓語時(shí)，要注意下面幾個(gè)方面。

① which和whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，介詞要放在which和whom的前面。

They came to the river bank，along which there were many trees. 他們來到了河岸邊，沿岸有許多樹。

He lives in that house，in front of which stands a pine tree. 他住在那所房子里，房前有一棵松樹。

They dug a deep well，from which they could draw water. 他們打了一口深井，從中可以取水。

The tower stands on a hill，below which are wheat fields. 那座塔位于一座小山上，山下都是麥田。

In the garden sat an old man，around whom some children were playing. 院子里坐著一位老人，一些兒童在他周圍玩耍。

② which和whom引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)，介詞可以放在它們的前面，也可以放在原來的位置上。

This is the room in which he lives. 這就是他住的房間。

This is the room （which）he lives in. （這時(shí)which可?。?

他唯一沒有把握的是天氣。

The only thing about which he was not sure was the weather.

The only thing （which）he was not sure about was the weather.

這就是我們經(jīng)常聽說的那位作家。

Here is the writer about whom we've heard so much.

Here is the writer （whom）we've heard so much about. （這時(shí)whom可?。?

你借給他詞典的那位同學(xué)要見你。

The student to whom you lent the dictionary wants to see you. （lend sth. to sb. 為固定搭配）

The student （whom）you lent the dictionary to wants to see you.

③ 如果是含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組，介詞不可放在which或whom的前面，只能放在原來的位置上。

Here is the book which you are looking for.

你找的書在這里。

Here is the book for which you are looking.

這些是你們今天必須復(fù)習(xí)的單詞。

These are the words which you must go over today.

These are the words over which you must go today.

這就是他多年來一直照顧的那個(gè)女孩。

This is the girl whom he has taken care of for many years.

This is the girl of whom he has taken care for many years.

④ 用于which或whom前面的介詞必須符合習(xí)慣用法，即：必須符合習(xí)慣搭配。

The bus by which he came broke down. 他來時(shí)乘坐的那輛公交車壞了。（by bus為習(xí)慣搭配）

The pencil with which she wrote the letter was blue. 她用來寫信的鉛筆是藍(lán)色的。（write with pencil為習(xí)慣搭配）

The wall over which he jumped is two meters high. 他跳過去的那堵墻兩米高。（jump over為習(xí)慣搭配）

The teacher from whom you borrowed the book has moved to Beijing. 借書給你的老師遷到北京去了。（borrow sth. from為習(xí)慣搭配）

比較

This is the box for which he paid twenty yuan. 這就是他花20元買的那只箱子。（pay money for為習(xí)慣搭配）

This is the box in which he put all his clothes. 這就是那只他存放所有衣服的箱子。（put sth. in為習(xí)慣搭配）