第4章　冠　詞 4.4　不用或省略冠詞的情況

4.4　不用或省略冠詞的情況

4.4.1　零冠詞

在不少情況下，名詞前不加冠詞，可以稱作零冠詞（Zero Article）。除上面談到的一些不用冠詞的情況，還有下面這些值得注意：

1) 當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞用作表語或同位語等表示一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位時(shí)，前面常不加冠詞（也可說省略掉冠詞）：

In 1993 Bill Clinton became (the) President of the United States. 1993年克林頓成為美國總統(tǒng)。

He is still head of the organization. 他仍然是這個(gè)組織的首腦。

This is Professor Brockbank, head of the history department. 這是歷史系主任布洛克邦教授。

He succeeded his father as president of the company. 他接替他父親擔(dān)任公司董事長。

This is Mr. Kirk, director of the Department of African Affairs. 這是非洲司司長科克先生。

They appointed him minister to a foreign country. 他們?nèi)蚊麨轳v外公使。

盡管指普通員工，某些職務(wù)名稱前也有不加冠詞的趨勢(shì)：

I'm coming back to take the job of foreign editor. 我將回來當(dāng)外語編輯。

She worked as correspondent to a local newspaper. 她擔(dān)任當(dāng)?shù)匾患覉?bào)紙的記者。

在turn后的表語都不帶冠詞：

He was a Conservative but he turned Socialist. 他原是保守黨員后來成了社會(huì)黨人。

He has turned botanist (Mahammedan). 他成了植物學(xué)家（回教徒）。

在title和rank后，名詞前也多不帶冠詞：

I prefer the title of reporter. 我更喜歡記者的頭銜。

That officer holds the rank of captain. 那位軍官的官階為上尉。

2) 個(gè)體名詞抽象化后，前面也不加冠詞：

He has to get ready for college. 他得準(zhǔn)備好上大學(xué)。

They decided to send their son to university. 他們決定送兒子上大學(xué)。

We were at school together. 我們?cè)谝黄鹕蠈W(xué)。

It was too early for bed. 現(xiàn)在睡覺還太早了一點(diǎn)。

There's room for three more. 還可以容納三個(gè)人。

What time does church begin? 什么時(shí)候開始做禮拜？

You should go into hospital at once. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)馬上去住院。

The trees were all in flower. 樹都開花了。

The thief was sent to prison for a year. 小偷要蹲一年監(jiān)獄。

She went by bus (boat/plane/car). 她坐巴士（船/飛機(jī)/汽車）去。

在大量短語中的名詞前不加冠詞，如：

from beginning to end　從頭到尾

from head to foot　從頭到腳

from day to day　日復(fù)一日

from time to time　不時(shí)地

year after year　年復(fù)一年

in case of　在…的情況下

in place of　代替

on foot (holiday)　步行（度假）

make fun of　拿…開玩笑

make room for　給…騰地方

3) 表示季節(jié)、月份、日期的名詞前一般不加冠詞：

Spring was at hand. 春天即將到來。

She was born in April. 她是四月出生的。

He is arriving on Monday. 他將于星期一到達(dá)。

October 1st is our National Day. 十一是國慶節(jié)。

如果有限制性定語修飾，則應(yīng)加定冠詞：

Nanchang Uprising took place on the 1st of August, 1927. 南昌起義是1927年8月1日舉行的。

It happened in the summer of 1937. 這事發(fā)生在1937年夏天。

4) 在daybreak，dusk， dawn， noon， midnight， sunset，sunrise這類名詞前通常不加冠詞：

At daybreak we started on our journey. 天亮?xí)r我們起程了。

The attack came just before dawn. 拂曉前進(jìn)攻開始了。

At dusk the lights of the city come on. 黃昏時(shí)分城里的燈亮了。

The workers ate fast food at noon. 工人們中午吃快餐。

It's getting on for midnight. 快到午夜了。

We left home at sunrise. 日出時(shí)我們離開了家。

After sunset, the sky darkened rapidly. 太陽落山后天很快就黑了。

Before daylight it started to drizzle. 天亮前開始下起毛毛雨。

偶爾前面可加定冠詞：

The dawn here in the mountains is beautiful. 這兒山里的黎明是美麗的。

One cannot see very far in the dusk. 暮色中我們看不到很遠(yuǎn)。

5) 在呼語、家人及親屬名稱后常不加冠詞：

Be quiet, children! 安靜點(diǎn)，孩子們！

Thank you, sir. 謝謝你，先生。

Can I help you, ma'am (madam)? 我能為你做點(diǎn)什么，夫人？

Can I get you anything to drink, father? 我能給你弄點(diǎn)什么喝的嗎，爸？

Mother is with Grandma. 媽和奶奶在一起。

Auntie is in the kitchen. 姨在廚房里。

Big sister is playing chess with uncle. 大姐在和叔叔下棋。

甚至cock，nurse這樣的詞有時(shí)看作家庭成員，前面也可不加冠詞：

Come quickly, nurse. 奶媽，快來。

6) 在一些并列名詞前，?？刹患庸谠~，如：

Mother and child are doing fine. 母子平安。

When host and guest appeared，they received a standing ovation. 當(dāng)賓主出現(xiàn)時(shí)，大家長時(shí)間起立鼓掌。

Father and son went to New York by a morning train. 父子兩人坐早上的火車去了紐約。

It has handed down from father to son for many generations. 這東西父傳子已傳了許多代了。

He went head over heels into the water. 他倒栽蔥掉進(jìn)水里。

I cannot make head or tail of your letter. 我看不懂你的信。

此外還有不少這類并列詞組，如：

shoulder to shoulder　并肩

side by side　并排

hand in hand　手牽手

arm in arm　手挽手

tit for tat　以牙還牙

step by step　一步步地

back to back　背靠背地

Face to face　面對(duì)面地

heart and soul　全心全意地

heart-to-heart 推心置腹地

4.4.2　冠詞省略的情況

在一些情況下冠詞常常省略，如：

1) 新聞標(biāo)題：

(The) City Congress (is) to be in session Friday　市議會(huì)星期五開會(huì)

(A) Hotel Fire Disaster　飯店大火成災(zāi)

2) 通知說明：

(The) Lift (is) out of order. 電梯壞了。

Cut along (the) dotted line.　沿虛線剪開。

3) 提綱：

(The) Algerian Crisis led to (the) downfall of (the) French government in May 1958. 阿爾及利亞危機(jī)導(dǎo)致法國政府于1958年5月倒臺(tái)。

(The) Causes of World WarⅡ: massive re-armament, (the) invasion... 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)起因：大規(guī)模重新武裝，入侵捷克…

4) 劇本提示：

Vossilisa (Open door quickly；to Alyushka)：You here again? 薇希麗莎（迅速開門；對(duì)阿留希說）：你又來了？

Exit into garden. 出去進(jìn)入花園。

5) 書名：

(An) Outline Political History of the Americas　美洲政治史綱

(The) BBC English Dictionary　BBC英語詞典