1) 基數(shù)詞(Cardinal Numerals)指表示數(shù)目的詞。下面是最基本的基數(shù)詞,其他數(shù)目都由這些基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成:
2) 基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成法:
除了上表列出的詞外,其他基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成的方法如下:
a. 21—99: 先說(shuō)“幾十”,再說(shuō)“幾”,中間要加連字號(hào):
39 thirty-nine 52 fifty-two
83 eighty-three 91 ninety-one
b. 101—999: 先說(shuō)“幾百”,再加and,再加末尾兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù):
375 three hundred and seventy-five
582 five hundred and eighty-two
819 eight hundred and nineteen
902 nine hundred and two
c. 1,000以上的詞:
先從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào),用這個(gè)方法把數(shù)目分作若干段,再一段段地念;第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為thousand,第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為million,第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為billion,例如:
4,007 four thousand and seven
8,021 eight thousand and twenty-one
13,849 thirteen thousand, eight hundred and forty-nine
631,562 six hundred and thirty-one thousand, five hundred and
sixty-two
54,256,000 fifty-four million, two hundred and fifty-six thousand
970,000,000 nine hundred and seventy million
14,800,000,000 fourteen billion eight hundred million
2,000,000,000,000 two trillion (兩萬(wàn)億)
在這類數(shù)詞中,hundred, thousand, million, billion等詞都用單數(shù)形式。
1) 基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作:
a. 定語(yǔ):
The river is about eighty miles long. 這條河大約八十英里長(zhǎng)。
Over 4,650,000 workers were involved in the strikes. 有四百六十五萬(wàn)多工人參加了這些罷工。
b. 主語(yǔ):
There were millions of blooms. 有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的花。
Two of the girls are from California. 姑娘中有兩個(gè)來(lái)自加州。
Three will be enough. 三個(gè)就夠了。
c. 賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ):
I read four of her novels. 我看了她寫(xiě)的四本小說(shuō)。
How many workers do they employ? "Over two hundred, I think."“他們雇傭了多少工人?”“我想有兩百多吧。”
The city has a population of three million. 這座城市有三百萬(wàn)人口。
d. 表語(yǔ):
He was a little over five. 他才五歲多一點(diǎn)。
Its population is nearly two million. 它的人口接近兩百萬(wàn)。
I'm fourteen and she's twelve. 我十四歲,她十二歲。
e. 同位語(yǔ):
You two take these seats. 你們兩人坐這里。
Have you got tickets for us three? 有我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人的票嗎?
2) 基數(shù)詞還可用于復(fù)數(shù)形式, 表示很大的數(shù)量:
The boat cost hundreds of pounds. 這條船花了幾百英鎊。
Thousands of people attended the meeting. 數(shù)千人參加了這次會(huì)議。
Millions (of people) are at risk from the disease. 數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人受到這種疾病的威脅。
Tens of thousands of buffaloes used to roam the prairie. 草原上過(guò)去有數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的野牛。
Thousands upon thousands of scallops appear off Long Island in the fall.秋天長(zhǎng)島附近的海灘上會(huì)出現(xiàn)數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的扇貝。
They arrived in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋?lái)了。
3) 某些基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以用在“in the (one's)—”結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示:
a. 年歲:
He was a thinnish fellow in his forties. 他是個(gè)偏瘦的人,有四十多歲了。
She is in her early (late) twenties. 她現(xiàn)在二十一二(八九)歲。
He died in his fifties. 他五十多歲時(shí)死了。
b. 年代:
This took place in the 1950's. 這事發(fā)生在(二十世紀(jì))五十年代。
He was working abroad in the 70's. 七十年代他在國(guó)外工作。
4) 一些數(shù)學(xué)公式的讀法如下:
7+4=11 Seven plus four is eleven.
12-5=7 Twelve minus five is seven.
6×8=48 Six times eight (Six multiplied by eight) is forty-eight.
24÷6=4 Twenty-four divided by six is four.
a > b a is more than b.
a < b a is less than b.
a ≈ b a approximately equals b.
a ≠ b a is not equal to b.
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