第14章　形容詞 14.5　名詞化的形容詞

14.5　名詞化的形容詞

14.5.1　“the+形容詞”可以表示一類人

1) the可以和某些形容詞一道表示一類人：

The poor get poorer;the rich get richer. 窮人更窮，富人更富。

The well-to-do had their cares also. 富裕的人也有他們的煩惱。

She was always good with the unfortunate. 她一向善待不幸的人。

They poisoned the minds of the young. 它們毒害青年人的頭腦。

Forture favors the brave. （諺）命運(yùn)青睞勇者。

He had a natural sympathy for the down-trodden. 他對(duì)被蹂躪者懷有天生的同情心。

Take care of the wounded and the dying. 救死扶傷。

The old and the young should be able to live together. 老年人和青年人應(yīng)該能過(guò)到一起。

They are building a school for the deaf and the dumb. 他們正在蓋一所聾啞學(xué)校。

He always sided with the oppressed and the exploited. 他總是站在被壓迫和被剝削者一邊。

The very wise avoid such temptation. 真正明智的人總是避開(kāi)這種誘惑。

The injured were immediately taken to hospital. 傷者被立即送往醫(yī)院。

The sick (elderly) must be cared for. 病人（老年人）應(yīng)受照顧。

These provide shelters for the homeless. 這些為無(wú)家可歸的人提供了棲身之處。

The living are more important to us than the dead. 對(duì)我們而言，生者比死者更重要。

2) the也可和某些表示國(guó)家民族的形容詞一道表示“某國(guó)（民族）的人”：

The English have a wonderful sense of humour. 英國(guó)人幽默感很強(qiáng)。

The French like to eat well. 法國(guó)人喜歡吃得好。

the Chinese 中國(guó)人

the Japanese 日本人

the Swiss 瑞士人

the Spanish 西班牙人

the Welsh 威爾士人

the Dutch 荷蘭人

從上例可以看出這樣用的主要是一些以sh，ch，se，ss結(jié)尾的詞。

這種結(jié)構(gòu)間或指一個(gè)人，如：the accused （被告），the deceased（死者）。

14.5.2　“the+形容詞”可表示一些事物或品質(zhì)

the可加在某些形容詞前表示一些事物或品質(zhì)：

This was nothing out of the ordinary. 這并沒(méi)有什么異乎尋常之處。

They would have to bow to the inevitable. 他們將不得不向無(wú)可避免的事（命運(yùn)）低頭。

He expected me to do the impossible. 他期待我做辦不到的事。

The difficult we do at once. The impossible takes a little longer. 困難的事我們馬上就做，不可能的事需要稍長(zhǎng)一些時(shí)間。

We must be ready to cope with the unexpected. 我們必須準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)付預(yù)料不到的問(wèn)題。

Let X be the unknown in this equation. 設(shè)X為這個(gè)方程式中的未知數(shù)。

Do you believe in the supernatural? 你相信有神奇古怪的事嗎？

He is fond of writing about the unusual. 他喜歡寫些古怪的題材。

She admires the mystical. 她喜歡神秘的東西。

We have to take the rough along with the smooth in life. 生活中好事壞事都得承受。

This policy is a mixture of the old and the new. 這項(xiàng)政策是新舊混合的產(chǎn)物。

14.5.3　包含名詞化形容詞的詞組

1) 有不少詞組中包含名詞化形容詞：

The killer remained at large for weeks. 那殺手好幾周都逍遙法外。

Things were going from bad to worse between them. 他們之間的關(guān)系日益惡化。

I can't say for sure. 我說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。

I know for certain that he has a car. 我確實(shí)知道他有一輛車。

He will leave the city for good. 他將永遠(yuǎn)離開(kāi)這座城市。

He cuts my hairs for free. 他免費(fèi)給我理發(fā)。

The National Broadcasting Company is called NBC for short. 國(guó)家廣播公司簡(jiǎn)稱NBC。

They are neighbours, for better for worse. 好歹他們是街坊。

I told him the story in full. 我給他講了全部的故事。

The weather in Florida is warm in general. 佛羅里達(dá)的氣候總的來(lái)說(shuō)是暖和的。

In brief, Sophia was no longer a stranger. 簡(jiǎn)而言之，索菲婭已不再是陌生人了。

In short, they were happy together. 總之，他們?cè)谝黄鸷芸旎睢?

She waited in vain, however. 然而，她白等了。

2) 有不少形容詞最高級(jí)有時(shí)可以名詞化：

We're not going to Japan. At least not for the present. 我們不準(zhǔn)備去日本，至少目前不準(zhǔn)備去。

My book will be out in a day or two, a week at most. 我的書一兩天后就出版，至多一星期就出版。

You ought to hear at the latest by Friday. 最遲到周五你就會(huì)聽(tīng)到消息。

At the very most, she can't be more than eighteen. 她最多也就十八歲。

He thought that at worst he could get a scolding. 他想他最多只會(huì)挨一頓說(shuō)。

At best we can do only half as much as last year. 最多我們只能完成去年工作量的一半。

She took leave of the party in the liveliest of spirits. 她興高采烈地告別了晚會(huì)。

They were too poor to rent even the cheapest of houses. 他們窮到連最便宜的房子都租不起。

It was one of the most interesting of these discoveries. 這是這些發(fā)現(xiàn)中最有意思的一個(gè)。