我們需要穿著臟鞋的專家

我們需要穿著臟鞋的專家

一位英國前駐伊朗大使會查看使館人員的鞋子臟不臟。“如果不臟的話，我就知道，他們沒有走出使館走訪城里的民眾。”——最好的專家穿著臟鞋

測試中可能遇到的詞匯和知識：

Aftermath 后果；余波['ɑ?ft?m?θ]

embassy 大使館['emb?s?]

income inequality [勞經(jīng)] 收入不平衡；所得不均

homogeneous 均勻的；同類的[,h?m?(?)'d?i?n??s; -'d?en-]

flinch 退縮；畏懼['fl?n(t)?]

Bolsover 博爾索弗 (英國國會選區(qū))

glean 收集；拾落穗[gli?n]

mortgage 抵押['m??g?d?]

glitzy 閃光的；耀眼的['gl?ts?]

hedge fund 避險基金；對沖基金 避險基金|是指由金融期貨、金融期權(quán)等金融衍生工具與金融組織結(jié)合后，以盈利為目的的金融基金。其最初目的為透過套期保值

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4分52秒 母語為英語者的朗讀速度 140

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0分6秒 母語為英語的速讀高手 1000

The Best Economist is One with Dirty Shoes （662words）

By Sarah O’Connor

-----------------------------------------------------

In the aftermath of the Iranian revolution in 1979, the UK foreign secretary commissioned a secret internal inquiry into why British diplomats had failed to predict it. One problem, the report found, was that the embassy in Tehran had little contact with people beyond the elites around the shah.

Subsequent generations of diplomats have taken this lesson to heart. They prize what they call “ground truth”: how things really feel out there; what people are really thinking. One former ambassador to Iran used to check whether his staff’s shoes were dirty. “If not, I knew they hadn’t been getting out of the embassy and meeting people in town.”

The economics profession could learn from this. Look through a few spreadsheets on the UK economy in recent years and you might wonder why people have not been dancing in the streets. Unemployment is 5 per cent, the lowest in 11 years. Participation in the labour market is near a record high. Income inequality, far from rising, has actually declined since the financial crisis. Yet 52 per cent of voters have just chosen to leave the EU.

That group is far from homogeneous and many were motivated by topics that have nothing to do with economics. It is clear, though, that some voters felt they had been left behind by the modern economy and had nothing to lose.

Andy Haldane, the Bank of England’s chief economist, described last month how he encountered this “ground truth” when he met a group of charities in Nottingham, a former industrial city in the Midlands. When he started talking about the economic recovery they stopped him short. They did not see any evidence: homelessness, food bank use, mental health problems were all going up. “The language of ‘recovery’ simply did not fit their facts,” Mr Haldane said. Some economists will flinch at the idea of taking “ground truth” too seriously. They will say — rightly — that anecdotal evidence is almost always unrepresentative and can lead to the wrong conclusions. But so can data if you rely on it too heavily. Combine the two and you can tease out where they differ. You can also find clues as to why.

A few months ago I went to Bolsover, a former mining town in Derbyshire whose economy looked fairly good on paper. Average wages were low but the proportion of people on jobless benefits had dropped below the UK average. Yet the man who ran the pub said he had made all his staff self-employed so he did not have to pay taxes or the minimum wage. The people in the church were giving sleeping bags to young men who had dropped off the benefits register and were living in disused garages. The women working in the shops said local retail jobs were part-time and the bus fare was too high to make it worth travelling to a full-time job elsewhere.

Statisticians do their best to capture these subtleties. But there is a limit to how much you can learn about the economy by staring at a spreadsheet in a London office. And the bits you miss might be the bits that matter.

Of course, there is “ground truth” to be gleaned from newspapers and other secondary sources, but there is no substitute for first-hand knowledge. Take Steve Eisman and his colleagues at the FrontPoint hedge fund. Michael Lewis, who wrote about them in The Big Short , described how they confirmed their hunch about the looming mortgage crisis in 2007 by flying to a glitzy subprime conference in Las Vegas. They chatted to the bankers, investors and rating agency guys who were making money from thin air. When they flew home, they doubled their bet against the US housing market.

Michael Gove, the pro-Brexit former government minister, was wrong when he said we have had enough of experts. As the UK navigates an uncertain future, we need experts more than ever. What we really need is experts with dirty shoes.

請根據(jù)你所讀到的文章內(nèi)容，完成以下自測題目：

1. Which country’s embassy is mentioned in the example about the revolution?

A. UK

B. Iran

C. Tehran

D. US

2. What is the meaning of ‘ground truth’?

A. how things really feel out there

B. what people are really thinking

C. both A and B

D. neither A nor B

3. What is the ‘ground truth’ in Nottingham?

A. Homelessness, food bank use, mental health problems were all going up

B. Unemployment is lowest in 11 years

C. Participation in the labour market is near a record high

D. Income inequality has declined since the financial crisis

4. Why the author said Michael Gove was wrong?

A. we have had enough of experts

B. we really need experts with dirty shoes

C. experts always like new shoes

D. there is no way to glean “ground truth” from newspapers

[1] 答案 A. UK

解釋：1979年伊朗革命爆發(fā)后，時任英國外交大臣委托進行了一項秘密的內(nèi)部調(diào)查：為什么英國外交官未能預(yù)測這場革命。

[2] 答案 C. both A and B

解釋：后來的歷代英國外交官都將這一教訓(xùn)牢記于心。他們高度重視所謂的“第一線真相”：外面的氣氛究竟是怎樣的；人們真正在想什么。

[3] 答案 A. Homelessness, food bank use, mental health problems were all going up

解釋：對于電子表格上顯示的樂觀數(shù)字，研究員們看不到任何證據(jù)：無家可歸、食物賑濟庫(food bank)的利用、精神健康問題都在加重。

[4] 答案 A. we have had enough of experts

解釋：當(dāng)支持退歐的前部長級官員邁克爾?戈夫(Michael Gove)稱我們已經(jīng)聽夠了專家的高見時，他錯了。在英國把握一個不確定的未來之際，我們比以往任何時候都更需要專家。但我們真正需要的是接地氣的專家。