英語(yǔ)短文名人故事 哲學(xué)思想家 第34期:尼采

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16 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 弗里德里希·威廉·尼采

Nietzsche's early childhood is itself a story of writing, reading, illness and isolation. 尼采有一個(gè)被寫作、閱讀、疾病與孤獨(dú)充斥的童年。

He was sent to the local school but then gained a place at the elite academy of Pforta in 1858. 他被送入本地的學(xué)校，而在1858年獲得了在普福塔精英學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。

By 1862，we find the young Nietzsche already recording his doubts about the religious faith that dominated his home background. 到了1862年，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)年輕的尼采已經(jīng)對(duì)統(tǒng)治其生活環(huán)境的宗教信仰產(chǎn)生了懷疑。

He was turning even then to ideas of evolution, and already had begun to speculate on the human condition: "...we scarcely even know whether humanity itself is only a step." 他甚至在那時(shí)就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始關(guān)注進(jìn)化論思想，并思考人類的生存狀態(tài)，"我們幾乎不知道人類本身是否只是一個(gè)階段。"

Jaspers remarks that "Nietzsche philosophises as a boy." 雅斯帕斯評(píng)論道，"尼采像一個(gè)孩子一樣進(jìn)行哲思。"

Nietzsche was certainly an intense boy, often lonely and absorbed by ideas. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，尼采是一個(gè)感情強(qiáng)烈的孩子，他經(jīng)常是孤單的，而且沉迷于各種各樣的想法。

In 1863，we find him already struggling to convey the mass of his thoughts on paper: "I stare for a long time at the white paper in front of me, troubled by the confused crowd of themes." 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)早在1863年他就努力把自己的思想記錄下來(lái)："我長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地盯著眼前的白紙，眾多的觀點(diǎn)集結(jié)于此，困擾著我。"

This sense of "abundance" is one of the experiences given to the character Zarathustra. 這個(gè)"豐富"的意識(shí)，后來(lái)被加在了查拉圖斯特拉的性格上。

In 1865, Nietzsche went to Leipzig as a student, where he shifted to the study of classical philology, the ancient languages and their origins. 1865年，尼采游學(xué)萊比錫，并轉(zhuǎn)而攻讀經(jīng)典語(yǔ)言學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)古代語(yǔ)言以及它們的來(lái)源。

Already he saw his own future in learning and teaching: "My goal is to become a truly practical teacher..." 他把自己的未來(lái)生活確定為學(xué)習(xí)與教書："我的目標(biāo)是成為一名真正的教師…"

Nietzsche was searching for fellow spirits and in 1865 he discovered in a bookshop the major work of Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation. 尼采一直在找尋靈魂上的同伴。1865年他在書店里找到了叔本華的《作為意識(shí)與表象的世界》。

For the student Nietzsche, this book by his older contemporary was a mirror of his own thoughts and struggles. 對(duì)于還是一名學(xué)生的尼采來(lái)說(shuō)，這部由一個(gè)年齡稍長(zhǎng)于他的同時(shí)代人所寫的作品，正是一面他自己的思維及其斗爭(zhēng)的鏡子。

Throughout his life, Nietzsche needed heroes of thought, models for his own quest. 尼采一生都在探索和尋求，期待著思想的偉人和典范。

In 1867, he enrolled in the army, but he still kept on learning. 1867年，尼采應(yīng)征入伍，但仍然堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)。

Now Nietzsche was acquiring other heroes, such as the ancient Greek thinker Democritus. 此時(shí)的尼采結(jié)識(shí)到其他一些偉人的思想，例如古希臘思想家德摸克利特。

In 1868, Nietzsche was reading and writing about the late eighteenth-century German authority Kant. 1868年，尼采閱讀并寫了一部關(guān)于18世紀(jì)晚期德國(guó)權(quán)威思想家康德的作品。

In the same year, he met the composer Richard Wagner whom he described as "a fabulously vivacious, fiery man" . 同一年，尼采遇見(jiàn)了作曲家理查德·瓦格納，并將他描述為"一個(gè)驚人地樂(lè)觀與熱烈的人"。

In 1871, Nietzsche started work on what became his first book, The Birth of Tragedy. 1871年，尼采開(kāi)始寫作他的第一部作品《悲劇的誕生》。

In January 1883, Nietzsche wrote Book I of TSZ in 10 days. 1883年1月，尼采在十天內(nèi)完成了《如是說(shuō)》的第一部。

The period after that was a time of intense productiveness. He died in Aug. 24, 1900. 此后，是尼采極為多產(chǎn)的時(shí)期。尼采卒于1900年8月24日。