Last time we learned a sentence pattern which is:It is essential that S should do. 意思是:完全有必要做某事。當(dāng)主句的表語為形容詞essential, necessary等表示“必要的”這類詞語時(shí),主語從句中則要使用虛擬語氣,即:謂語形式為:should+動(dòng)詞原形。我們還引申出了一個(gè)句型是:It is essential to somebody ( something ) that S should do. 以上2個(gè)句式中的should都可以省略。
【習(xí)題答案及點(diǎn)評(píng)】
And some translation exercises were left last time that need you to translate it into English in different ways, which is a bit difficult and I am about let the answers and comments to them out in the open.
【Exercise I】我們將這兩組分開是完全有必要的。
【Translation 1】It is essential for us to keep these two groups separate.
【Translation 2】It is essential that we (should) keep these two groups separate.
【Translation 3】It is essential to us that these two groups ( should ) be kept separate.
【喇叭】
1 翻譯3中注意省略了should后,謂語則是be。
2 翻譯1和翻譯2中的狀語意思都是“對(duì)于我們來說”,都是介詞短語作狀語,那么在使用主語從句翻譯時(shí)介詞要用to, 而在使用動(dòng)詞不定式翻譯時(shí)介詞要用for.
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
1 短語的使用:keep something separate 使......分開,這個(gè)短語中separate 是形容詞做keep后面的賓語something的補(bǔ)足語。
2 翻譯方式: 第一句是使用動(dòng)詞不定式翻譯。第二句和第三句都是使用主語從句進(jìn)行翻譯,不同的是第一句中的的主語從句是主動(dòng)語態(tài),而第二句中的主語從句是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
【Exercise II】我們生活中諸如水,電,燃?xì)獾仍O(shè)施是必不可少的。
【Translation 1】It is essential for us to be provided with services such as: water , electricity, gas in our life.
【Translation 2】It is essential to our life that we ( should ) be provided with services such as : water , electricity, gas .
【Translation 3】It is essential to us that services such as :water , electricity, gas ( should ) be provided with in our life.
【Translation 4】It is essential to our life that some relevant departments( should ) provide us with services such as : water , electricity, gas .
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
1短語的運(yùn)用:provide somebody with something這個(gè)短語譯為:提供某人某物,給某人某物,and so on. relevant departments意思是“相關(guān)部門”。
2 翻譯方式: 翻譯1是使用動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)行翻譯。翻譯2、3、4都是采用含主語從句的復(fù)合句進(jìn)行翻譯,不同的是翻譯4是在主語從句中使用了主動(dòng)語態(tài)進(jìn)行翻譯,翻譯2和翻譯3的翻譯方式都是在主語從句中采用被動(dòng)語態(tài),由于在翻譯中采用了provide somebody with something這個(gè)動(dòng)詞后有一個(gè)賓語以及介詞有一個(gè)賓語的短語,那么這2個(gè)作為賓語的名詞在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中都可以作為主語,關(guān)鍵要強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)的是把介詞后的名詞作為主語時(shí),那么with要保留,很多人會(huì)忽視了這個(gè)介詞。還要強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)當(dāng)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中省略了should時(shí),注意保持be這個(gè)原形。
【今日主題】
And this morning I'd like to talk about a sentence pattern with you which is : It seems unfair that S should do. 想必大家大概知道這個(gè)句子的意思了,但是細(xì)究起來還是很有價(jià)值的。
【主題詳解】
下面 let's make a sentence to learn it by using this sentence pattern. It seems so unfair that this should happen to me. 這個(gè)句子的中文意思我先買個(gè)關(guān)子,暫且不說先,好戲在后面。
我們來首先看,這個(gè)句子中it 是形式主語,由that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句“that this should happen to me”中使用了虛擬語氣,即謂語形式為:should+動(dòng)詞原形。其中should可以省略。
那么seem在這個(gè)句子中又扮演著什么角色?它是系動(dòng)詞,由此可見在it is + adj. + that S should do.這個(gè)主語從句的句式中的系動(dòng)詞并不是is(was), 它還可以是feel, seem, look, appear, sound 等等這類的系動(dòng)詞。
很顯然了,這個(gè)句子中主句中的表語是unfair這個(gè)詞,由此可見在含主語從句的復(fù)合句中的主句中的表語也就是形容詞是unfair這個(gè)詞語時(shí),那么后面的主語從句要使用虛擬語氣。
下面就是我所說到的“好戲”了。How do you translate this sentence into Chinese exactly? I think someone may be do it like that: 這事兒發(fā)生在我身上,這似乎不公平呀。However, it is not exactly right. 這個(gè)翻譯不完全正確,沒有把句子的意境翻譯出來,也就是沒有把作者的感情表達(dá)出來。當(dāng)主句中的表語是unfair這個(gè)詞時(shí),后面的主語從句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)式是should + 動(dòng)詞原形時(shí),這個(gè)句子就帶有一種感情色彩,表示“一種不可思議”的狀況,譯為:竟然。因此It seems so unfair that this should happen to me. 更為準(zhǔn)確的翻譯是:這事兒竟然發(fā)生在我身上,似乎很不公平呀。
【例句及剖析】
1 It seems unfair that he be made pay for everything.
竟然讓他承擔(dān)一切費(fèi)用視乎對(duì)他不公平。對(duì)于這句話,【剖析】大家會(huì)走入2個(gè)誤區(qū),一個(gè)在于be, 主語是第三人稱單數(shù)she, 而且主句時(shí)態(tài)是is,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),那這里怎么用be呢?另一個(gè)在于made pay. 怎么2個(gè)動(dòng)詞連在一起呢?那么對(duì)于第一個(gè)問題則是老生常談的問題了,因?yàn)橹髡Z從句中省略了should.原句為:that he should be made pay for everything. 那么把should省略,是不是be呢?對(duì)于第二個(gè)問題則要注意make這個(gè)詞的用法,可以說是個(gè)短語吧,make somebody do something ,那么我們這個(gè)短語放入這個(gè)句子則是make him pay for everything,這個(gè)主語從句用的又是被動(dòng)語態(tài),把make后面的賓語him提到句首作主語,那么這個(gè)句子就變成了:he is made pay for everything.那么這個(gè)made和pay就連在一起了。
2 It is really unfair that you not be let have a choice.
竟然不讓您有所選擇,這太不公平了。
在這句中,be和let have的由來想必大家通過第一個(gè)例句的講解知道其由來了吧, not be let have 中的not這個(gè)由來在上期說過了,那么在此就不多說了。
【溫故知新】
Well , have you got what I've said this morning. I am sure you are intelligent and have caught it. As usual I'd like to leave you some translation exercises to do to see if you have really got it by yourself.
1 你竟然這樣貶低她的工作對(duì)她不公平的。
2 他工作如此辛苦,報(bào)酬竟然這等的少,聽起來太不公平了。
3 在今天強(qiáng)求教師如此照辦看來好像不公道呀。
4 Jane Eyer 深深地感到竟然遭到舅母那樣的對(duì)待是很不公平的。
5 我一輩子竟然要受窮,這實(shí)在不公平。