44 形容詞的比較級 Track38
具體句型可以歸納為以下幾類:
(1)than的比較級句型的用法
1)在than前面必須有形容詞或副詞比較級形式;
2)被比較的兩個(gè)對象應(yīng)該是同類事物,即事物具有可比性。
常見的句型是:A+比較級+than+B。A和B一般是兩個(gè)同類的、彼此獨(dú)立的人或事物。例如:
This question is less difficult than that question.
這個(gè)問題沒那個(gè)那么難。
也可以是某一事物自身相比。此時(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:A+比較級+情形1+than+情形2。例如:
a. He did much better in the finals this term than last term.
這個(gè)學(xué)期期末考他考得比上個(gè)學(xué)期好多了。
b. Since it has been repaired, the machine works more eff iciently than it did before. 修過以后,那個(gè)機(jī)器工作效率比以前高多了。
若被比較的對象不是彼此獨(dú)立的人或事物,而是具有一事物包含另一事物這樣的所屬關(guān)系,此時(shí)我們要用 other,else 將其與整體區(qū)別開來,以免造成邏輯上的矛盾。例如:
a. Iron is more useful than any other metal.
鐵比任何其他金屬都有用。
b. She works harder than any other student in her class.
若說“She works harder than any student in her class.”顯然矛盾,因?yàn)?ldquo;she”屬于her class中的一員,而any student in her class則包括“她自己”。
(2)比較級前面一般不須加定冠詞the,但在有介詞短語“of the two”出現(xiàn)在比較級句中的時(shí)候,比較級前面必須加定冠詞the。
I think this painting is the more interesting of the two.?。ǘü谠~不能省去)
比較:I think this painting is more interesting than that one.
(3)“more and more”雙重比較來表示事物持續(xù)不斷的變化。相當(dāng)于漢語中的“越來越……”。
a. That female singer is getting fatter and fatter.
這個(gè)女歌手越來越胖了。
b. The city is becoming more and more beautiful.
這個(gè)城市越來越漂亮了。
c. As summer approaches, the days seem longer and longer.
夏日將近,白天似乎一天比一天長了。
用法特點(diǎn):
more and more不可用在單音節(jié)詞前,如不能說:more and more fat*。在more and more結(jié)構(gòu)中不能重復(fù)使用形容詞或副詞,如不能說:more beautiful and more beautiful*。
(4)可以修飾比較級的詞
形容詞的比較級前可以用以下詞進(jìn)行修飾:
a bit a little bit a little a lot a great deal any
even far by far much very much no
rather still slightly
a. Are you feeling any better?
b. Things are no better than before. 情況并沒有比以前改善。
c. He makes far fewer mistakes in spellings than before.
他的拼寫錯(cuò)誤比以前少多了。
注意這些詞一般不用來修飾比較級:very,many,quite,fairly等。
不能說:My girlfriend is very older than me.*
(5)否定意義的詞+比較級
在英文中,我們可以用“否定意義的詞+比較級”這種句式來表達(dá)一個(gè)最高級的意思,這樣的詞有few, nothing, never, not等。
a. —How have you been?
—It couldn't be worse. 糟透了。
b. Few are better qualif ied for the job than he is.
再?zèng)]有誰比他更適合做這項(xiàng)工作的了。
另外,never與比較級連用,是在對這個(gè)比較級詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),意思也相當(dāng)于這個(gè)詞的最高級。例如:
c. I have never heard a better song. 我從來沒有聽過像這樣的好歌。言外之意:This is the best song that I have ever heard.