58 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法　Track 058

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)之間的關(guān)系，同現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之間的關(guān)系一樣。它的用法與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法基本相同，只是將“坐標(biāo)時(shí)間”移到過(guò)去。同樣是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，表示開始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到過(guò)去這一時(shí)刻，并可能仍將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻之前一直在持續(xù)的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，且該活動(dòng)可能仍將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去

 
例句
a. When I arrived in Inner Mongolia, it had been snowing for half a month.
b. She had been studying French for one year before she went to France.
（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻之前一直在持續(xù)的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，活動(dòng)持續(xù)到過(guò)去這一時(shí)刻為止，或者是在這一時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束

 
例句
a. The police had been looking for the murderer for two years before they caught him.
b. He finally showed up at nine o’clock. I had been waiting for him since six o’clock.
c. When she arrived, I had been waiting in the cold for three hours.
d. I had been looking for jobs for nearly half a year before I finally got a position in this dot-com company.
e. When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye. I knew they had been fighting.
f.There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes.Somebody had been smoking in the room.
g. The plane, which had been waiting on the runway for hours, finally got clearance for take-off.
（3）可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
例句
a. He had been gambling for two years before his wife found out.
b. I had been trying to get her on the phone. Finally she gave me a call.
我一直試著打電話找她，最后她給我回了個(gè)電話。
同樣，這里的重復(fù)動(dòng)作不能說(shuō)出具體次數(shù)。我們可以說(shuō)：
I had tried five times to get her on the phone before she finally gave me a call.
我打了五次電話去找她，她終于給我回了電話。
而不能說(shuō)：I had been trying five times…*