78 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的介詞短語by sb.可以省略 Track 078
78 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的介詞短語by sb.可以省略 Track 078
被動(dòng)語態(tài)在使用中是可以不帶by短語的，即不給出動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者，因?yàn)橛行┣闆r下不需要知道動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者，或誰是實(shí)施者并不重要。具體情況包括：
（1）動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者很明顯，因而沒有必要提到
a. The rubbish hasn’t been collected.
垃圾還沒有被清走。
b. Your hand will be X-rayed.
你的手要拍X光片。
c. The streets are swept every day.
街道每天都清掃。
（2）不知道誰是動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者或沒有必要提及動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者
a. The President has been murdered.
總統(tǒng)被暗殺了。
b. My car has been moved!
我的車被人挪動(dòng)過。
c. Rice is grown in many countries.
很多國(guó)家種植水稻。
d. The library was built in 1890.
該圖書館建于1890年。
（3）動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者泛指“人們”
主動(dòng)句
a. People believe him to be honest.
人們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
b. People suspected him of receiving stolen goods.
人們懷疑他接受了贓物。
被動(dòng)句
c. He is believed to be honest.
相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
d. He was suspected of receiving stolen goods.
他被懷疑接受了贓物。
可以這樣使用的動(dòng)詞還有：
acknowledge assume believe consider
estimate feel find know
presume report say think
（4）當(dāng)動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者是不定代詞one或you和they時(shí)，常可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
a. One/You see this kind of advertisement everywhere.
可改為：This kind of advertisement is seen everywhere.
這樣的廣告隨處可見。
b. They are building a new public library in our town.
可改為：A new public library is being built in our town.
我們小鎮(zhèn)上正在興建一個(gè)新的公共圖書館。
（5）在主從復(fù)合句中，使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)可避免改變句子主語 （這時(shí)可以用by引出動(dòng)作實(shí)施者）
（1）動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者很明顯，因而沒有必要提到
a. The rubbish hasn’t been collected.
垃圾還沒有被清走。
b. Your hand will be X-rayed.
你的手要拍X光片。
c. The streets are swept every day.
街道每天都清掃。
（2）不知道誰是動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者或沒有必要提及動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者
a. The President has been murdered.
總統(tǒng)被暗殺了。
b. My car has been moved!
我的車被人挪動(dòng)過。
c. Rice is grown in many countries.
很多國(guó)家種植水稻。
d. The library was built in 1890.
該圖書館建于1890年。
（3）動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者泛指“人們”
主動(dòng)句
a. People believe him to be honest.
人們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
b. People suspected him of receiving stolen goods.
人們懷疑他接受了贓物。
被動(dòng)句
c. He is believed to be honest.
相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
d. He was suspected of receiving stolen goods.
他被懷疑接受了贓物。
可以這樣使用的動(dòng)詞還有：
acknowledge assume believe consider
estimate feel find know
presume report say think
（4）當(dāng)動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者是不定代詞one或you和they時(shí)，常可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
a. One/You see this kind of advertisement everywhere.
可改為：This kind of advertisement is seen everywhere.
這樣的廣告隨處可見。
b. They are building a new public library in our town.
可改為：A new public library is being built in our town.
我們小鎮(zhèn)上正在興建一個(gè)新的公共圖書館。
（5）在主從復(fù)合句中，使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)可避免改變句子主語 （這時(shí)可以用by引出動(dòng)作實(shí)施者）
