英國語文第二冊(cè)(雙語) 第51課:金屬

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LESSON 51 Metals

第五十一課 金屬

Metals are seldom found in a pure state. They are generally found mixed with earth, stones, or other metals, from which they are separated by washing, crushing, or burning.

金屬很少以純物質(zhì)狀態(tài)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，而大多是與土、石頭或其他金屬一起的混合狀態(tài)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過洗滌、碾壓或者燃燒從這些物質(zhì)中分離出金屬。

Gold is yellow and bright, heavy and soft. It is found chiefly in Africa and in North America.

黃金呈明亮的黃色，密度大且柔軟。它主要是在非洲和北美洲被發(fā)掘。

The districts where gold is found are called "gold diggings." It is usually obtained in the form of small grains called "gold dust," but sometimes also in that of lumps called "nuggets." Gold is also found mixed with sand in the beds of rivers.

發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金的地區(qū)被稱為“黃金礦區(qū)”。它通常以被稱為“金粉”的小谷粒的形式獲得，但有時(shí)也可以以“金塊”的塊狀形式獲取。另外，黃金也可以與沙子混合存在于河床中。

Gold is the most precious of all metals. It is chiefly made into coins and ornaments. Sovereigns, half-sovereigns, brooches, bracelets, rings, watches, and chains are made of gold.

黃金是眾多金屬中最珍貴的一種。它主要用于鑄造硬幣與裝飾物：一榜的金幣、半磅金幣、胸針、手鐲、戒指、手表和黃金制的鎖鏈等。

Silver is white and shining. It is heavy, but not so heavy as gold. Silver is found chiefly in America.

銀是光亮的白色。它密度大，但比黃金小些。銀主要在美洲被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Silver is a precious metal, next in value to gold. It is made into coins, ornaments, and many useful articles. Half-crowns, florins, shillings, sixpences, and threepenny pieces are made of silver.

銀也是貴金屬，其價(jià)值僅次于黃金。它被用于制作硬幣、裝飾品和應(yīng)用于許多有用的條款中。二先令六便士、弗羅林（一種貨幣）、先令、六便士以及三便士都是由銀做的。

There are also silver brooches, watches, and chains; silver knives and forks; silver spoons, cups, and boxes.

當(dāng)然也有銀制的胸針、手表和鎖鏈，銀質(zhì)的刀、叉、勺、杯子和盒子、

Lead is of a bluish-gray colour. It is the softest of all metals. It is found in various parts of the British Isles, as well as in other parts of the world.

鉛是淺藍(lán)灰色的，是所有金屬中最柔軟的。在不列顛群島的許多地區(qū)及世界的其他地方都能找見它。

Lead is one of the common metals. Being very soft, it is easily made to assume any shape. It is sometimes used to cover the roofs of houses and churches; it is also made into water pipes and cisterns.

鉛是最常見的金屬之一。由于它很軟，所以很容易被塑造成各種形狀。有時(shí)鉛被用于覆蓋房子和教堂的屋頂，它也能被用于制造水管與蓄水池。

Iron is of a dark gray colour. It is hard and brittle. Great Britain produces it in large quantities.

鐵是深灰色的。它的屬性很硬并且易碎。英國生產(chǎn)了大量的鋼鐵。

Iron is the most useful metal known. It is required in nearly every trade. Ships, houses, churches, engines, and carriages of all kinds, require more or less iron.

鋼鐵是人們熟知的最有用途的金屬，近乎每筆交易都涉及它。船、房子、教堂、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以及所有的運(yùn)輸都或多或少的需要使用到鐵。

With gold and silver we make our coins, pay our accounts, and adorn our persons. With iron we make our tools, defend our country, and supply a thousand wants.

我們用黃金和銀鑄幣、付款和裝飾自己，我們用鋼鐵制造工具，保衛(wèi)自己的國家并滿足千千萬萬的需求。

QUESTIONS

問題

In what state are metals generally found? What qualities does gold possess? Where is gold chiefl y found? What are gold diggings? In what form is gold usually obtained? What are nuggets? Where also is gold sometimes found? For what is gold used? Describe silver. For what is silver used? Describe lead. For what is lead used? Describe iron. For what is iron used? Compare the uses of gold, silver, and iron.

金屬大多是在那個(gè)地方被發(fā)現(xiàn)呢？黃金擁有怎樣的品質(zhì)？黃金主要是在哪兒發(fā)現(xiàn)的？黃金通常是以什么形式獲得的？黃金的用途有哪些？描述銀并說說銀的用途。描述鉛，并說說它的用途。描述鐵，并說說鐵的用途。對(duì)黃金、銀和鐵進(jìn)行比較。