主謂一致考點(diǎn) 語(yǔ)法一致原則

考點(diǎn)1 語(yǔ)法一致原則

所謂“語(yǔ)法一致原則”即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。也就是說(shuō)，如果主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中）用動(dòng)詞原形，若謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞，則用其復(fù)數(shù)are或were，若謂語(yǔ)中含有助動(dòng)詞have，則不應(yīng)使用其單數(shù)形式has，反之，如果主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中）用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，或根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)選用單數(shù)形式的be動(dòng)詞am, is或was，助動(dòng)詞選用has。

1. 動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）、不定式（短語(yǔ)）或者主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)

To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見(jiàn)。

Watching basketball games has become my hobby. 觀看籃球比賽成了我的業(yè)余愛(ài)好。

Whether she will go abroad or not is not decided. 她是否要出國(guó)尚未決定。

2. 由and或both... and...連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式

Jack and Henry are best friends. 杰克和亨利是最好的朋友。

Both Mary and Linda were satisfied with the new tutor.

瑪麗和琳達(dá)都對(duì)這位新家教老師感到滿意。

3. 被as well as, with, along with, like, together with等短語(yǔ)修飾的主語(yǔ)的主謂一致

由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than等引起的結(jié)構(gòu)跟在主語(yǔ)后面，不能看作并列主語(yǔ)，該主語(yǔ)不受這些短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的插入語(yǔ)的影響，主語(yǔ)如果是單數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Mr. White, as well as his wife and children, has gone to London last Friday.

上周五，懷特先生及其夫人和孩子去了倫敦。

The film star, accompanied by his three assistants, was seen to enter the hotel.

有人看見(jiàn)這位電影明星在其三位助理的陪同下進(jìn)入了這家賓館。

The parents, together with their son, are about to leave for Shanghai.

這對(duì)父母和他們的兒子要前往上海。

4. 主語(yǔ)含義上雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)形式的情況

有些主語(yǔ)被many a, more than one, each, every或no修飾，雖為復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)；and連接的主語(yǔ)分別被many a, more than one, each, every或no等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式（但復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)與each連用時(shí)，應(yīng)不受each的影響，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式）。

Many a student is going to take part in the English contest.

有許多學(xué)生要參加這項(xiàng)英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽。

Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in that country.

在那個(gè)國(guó)家，每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有權(quán)利接受教育。

The old workers and the young ones each have their own tools.

老工人和年輕工人每人都有自己的工具。

5. 某些不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式

此類不定代詞有：either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。

Everything around us is matter. 我們周圍的所有東西都是物質(zhì)。

Someone has let the news out. 有人把這個(gè)消息泄露了出去。