伊拉克離婚率上升，都是電視惹的禍？

04 伊拉克離婚率上升，都是電視惹的禍？

伊拉克離婚率近些年來(lái)節(jié)節(jié)攀升。據(jù)分析，引起伊拉克離婚率升高的原因，除了宗教和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素以外，還有一個(gè)令人意外的原因——電視節(jié)目。

伊拉克的離婚率近年來(lái)一直穩(wěn)步上升。人民網(wǎng)報(bào)道，伊拉克司法部新聞辦公室日前發(fā)布報(bào)告稱(chēng)，2003年到2013年的10年時(shí)間里，離婚的案件有51.3萬(wàn)件，占同期結(jié)婚的20%，僅去年1月份，結(jié)婚夫婦有20809人，而離婚的就多達(dá)5519人，約占結(jié)婚人數(shù)的四分之一。在人們心目中，伊斯蘭世界向來(lái)是保守的代名詞，因而伊拉克反常的離婚率引起了關(guān)注。

《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》最近就伊拉克離婚率攀高這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了深入的分析。他們認(rèn)為，更嚴(yán)苛的教法和低迷的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)都是引起離婚率上升的主要原因。但除此之外，還有一個(gè)不可忽視的重要原因，那就是電視節(jié)目的影響。

More recently, the rise of Islamic State has deepened sectarian divisions, which may have led to the break-up of some of the country's many Sunni-Shia marriages.Poverty, too, plays a role.“A large number of divorces these days are men dropping their wives because they are not in a financial position to bear the burden of looking after a family,” Bassam al Darraji, a Baghdad-based sociologist, told a Gulf newspaper.

最近，伊斯蘭國(guó)的崛起加深了教派間的隔閡，使得一些建立在遜尼派穆斯林和什葉派穆斯林之間的婚姻破裂。貧窮也在其中起了作用。“如今很多離婚都是由于男人經(jīng)濟(jì)上無(wú)法承擔(dān)供養(yǎng)全家的重?fù)?dān)而甩了妻子。”巴格達(dá)的社會(huì)學(xué)家Bassam al Darraji告訴一家海灣國(guó)家報(bào)紙。

Another factor, some sociologists argue, is Turkish soap operas, which are very popular and often depict men treating their wives romantically.They also portray women who dump bad husbands positively, not as wicked harlots.All this may be giving Iraqi women ideas.Two-thirds of divorces are initiated by women.

而據(jù)一些社會(huì)學(xué)家稱(chēng)，另一個(gè)因素，是土耳其肥皂劇。土耳其肥皂劇在伊拉克非常流行，在肥皂劇中，男人在對(duì)待妻子時(shí)總是十分浪漫。土耳其肥皂劇中也塑造了一些甩掉壞丈夫的正面女性形象，而非把她們視作邪惡的妓女。這一切都可能讓伊拉克婦女有了想法。三分之二的離婚是由女方提出的。

另?yè)?jù)美國(guó)媒體Al Monitor報(bào)道，電視節(jié)目帶給伊拉克女性的影響不止于此。

In addition to rising divorce rates, Inssam, the owner of a gym, said she had noticed an increase in the number of women working out at the gym recently, a trend which she attributed to the influx of Western TV programs into the country after 2003.

除了攀升的離婚率，一家健身房的老板Inssam稱(chēng)，她注意到最近來(lái)健身房鍛煉的女性正在增多，她認(rèn)為這是2003年以來(lái)進(jìn)入伊拉克的西方電視節(jié)目帶來(lái)的影響。

無(wú)獨(dú)有偶，據(jù)英國(guó)《電訊報(bào)》報(bào)道，巴西的一項(xiàng)報(bào)告也曾經(jīng)將國(guó)內(nèi)離婚率升高的矛頭指向電視節(jié)目：

“We find that exposure to modern lifestyles as portrayed on television, to emancipated women's roles, and to a critique of traditional values, was associated with increases in the share of separated and divorced woman across Brazil's municipal areas,”the report's authors said.What is more, they added,“Women living in areas covered by the Globo signal have significantly lower fertility.”

“電視上呈現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代生活方式、解放的女性角色，以及對(duì)傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀的批判。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)巴西都市地區(qū)分居和離異女性比例的上升與接觸這些電視節(jié)目是有關(guān)的?！眻?bào)告的作者稱(chēng)。此外，他們還表示，“居住在環(huán)球電視網(wǎng)信號(hào)覆蓋地區(qū)的女性的生育率明顯更低?！?/p>

If the leading female character of a telenovela was divorced or separated, the divorce rate rose, by an average of 0.1 percentage point, Alberto Chong, one of the study's authors, said.At the same time, women in areas reached by the Globo signal had 0.6 per cent fewer children than those in areas with no signal, he added-an apparently small impact, but equating to millions fewer babies born over two decades.

如果一部電視劇中的女主角離婚或分居，離婚率就會(huì)平均升高0.1%，研究者之一Alberto Chong稱(chēng)。同時(shí)，環(huán)球電視網(wǎng)信號(hào)覆蓋地區(qū)的女性相比無(wú)信號(hào)覆蓋地區(qū)的女性生育的子女要少0.6%，他補(bǔ)充道。盡管差距看起來(lái)十分微小，但卻導(dǎo)致過(guò)去二十年的新生嬰兒減少了上百萬(wàn)。

詞匯總結(jié)

sectarian [sek'te?r??n]

adj.宗派的；偏狹的；黨派心強(qiáng)的

n.屬于宗派的人；宗派心強(qiáng)的人；宗派主義者

More recently, the rise of Islamic State has deepened sectarian divisions, which may have led to the break-up of some of the country's many Sunni-Shia marriages.

最近，伊斯蘭國(guó)的崛起加深了教派間的隔閡，使得一些建立在遜尼派穆斯林和什葉派穆斯林之間的婚姻破裂。

harlot ['hɑ?l?t]

n.娼妓

They also portray women who dump bad husbands positively, not as wicked harlots.

emancipate [?'m?ns?pe?t]

vt.解放；釋放

be associated with 與…有關(guān)系；與…相聯(lián)系

We find that exposure to modern lifestyles as portrayed on television, to emancipated women's roles, and to a critique of traditional values, was associated with increases in the share of separated and divorced woman across Brazil's municipal areas.

電視上呈現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代生活方式、解放的女性角色，以及對(duì)傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀的批判。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)巴西都市地區(qū)分居和離異女性比例的上升與接觸這些電視節(jié)目是有關(guān)的。

telenovela 浪漫電視肥皂劇

If the leading female character of a telenovela was divorced or separated, the divorce rate rose, by an average of 0.1 percentage point.

如果一部電視劇中的女主角離婚或分居，離婚率就會(huì)平均升高0.1%。