演講MP3+雙語(yǔ)文稿:美國(guó)兩黨制的形成與發(fā)展

聽(tīng)力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語(yǔ)文稿，供各位英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語(yǔ)文稿:美國(guó)兩黨制的形成與發(fā)展，希望你會(huì)喜歡！

【演講者及介紹】Bob lnglis

美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員能源樂(lè)觀主義者、政治家Bob lnglis 促進(jìn)企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的自由行動(dòng)

【演講主題】美國(guó)兩黨制的形成與發(fā)展

【演講文稿-中英文】

翻譯者 Chen Zou

校對(duì)人員 Xiaorong YUAN

00:13

Imagine that you're a member of Congress. You've worked very hard. You've knocked on thousands of doors, sweating and shivering, depending on the season. You've made hundreds, maybe thousands of phone calls to people you don't even know asking for their support, begging for their money. And now you've got one of these. It's hanging on a door in Washington, DC. It says you're a member of Congress, that you represent the people of your state.

想象你是國(guó)會(huì)的一員， 你工作很努力， 你叩響上千家的門(mén)， 冒著冬日的嚴(yán)寒，夏日的酷暑， 你打了上百個(gè)， 也許上千個(gè)電話 給那些你從未謀面的人， 向他們索求贊助支持， 乞求他們的資助。 然后你得到了這個(gè)—— 它被掛在華盛頓 哥倫比亞特區(qū)的一扇門(mén)上。 它證明你是一個(gè)國(guó)會(huì)議員， 你代表著你所在州的人民。

00:47

Now, imagine you're a conservative member of Congress. For some of you here in Boston, Massachusetts, that's going to take a powerful imagination, all right?

現(xiàn)在，想象你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 對(duì)于你們?cè)诓ㄊ款D 馬賽諸州的一些人來(lái)說(shuō)， 那需要很強(qiáng)大 的想象力才行，好吧？

00:58

（Laughter）

（笑聲）

01:00

But imagine with me that you're a conservative member of Congress. You grew up on Milton Friedman. You love his free markets, free enterprise and free trade. You've watched Ronald Reagan's farewell address over and over, and you cry every time --

但是和我一起想象一下， 你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 你是在米爾頓·弗里德曼 的影響下長(zhǎng)大的一代。 你熱衷于他的自由市場(chǎng)， 自由企業(yè)和自由貿(mào)易學(xué)說(shuō)。 你一遍又一遍觀看了 羅納德·里根的離職演講， 每次你都會(huì)流淚-——

01:21

（Laughter）

（笑聲）

01:22

he gets to the part about the shining city on the hill, and how if the city had to have walls, the walls had doors -- doors to let in those yearning to breathe free. You get goosebumps when you think of him telling Mr. Gorbachev to tear down his wall.

每當(dāng)他提到山上那座閃亮的城市， 以及如果那城市必須有墻， 那墻有門(mén)的話—— 這些門(mén)會(huì)向渴望自由呼吸的人敞開(kāi)。 當(dāng)你想到他讓戈?duì)柊蛦谭?去拆掉他的墻的時(shí)候， 你會(huì)渾身起雞皮疙瘩。

01:44

You're a conservative member of Congress, and you agree with President John F. Kennedy that America is an exceptional place. For inspiration, you go to and you watch his speech at Rice University, September of 1962, the "moon shot" speech. And you're amazed that he admits in that speech -- a speech of 17 minutes of pure American exceptionalism -- that some of the materials needed for the spacecraft hadn't been invented yet. No matter. We're going to the Moon before the decade is out. You agree with him that the vows of this nation can be fulfilled only if we in this nation are first and therefore we intend to be first. You've taken as your own the affect that he so embodied: that when leaders are optimistic, they're saying they believe in the people they represent.

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員。 你同意約翰·肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)， 美國(guó)是一個(gè)出眾的地方。 為了得到一些激勵(lì)， 你去 觀看了 他 1962 年 9 月 在萊斯大學(xué)的演講， 那場(chǎng)“登月”的演講。 你很驚訝他在演講中—— 一場(chǎng) 17 分鐘的關(guān)于 純粹的美國(guó)例外主義的演講中-—— 承認(rèn)建造航天器所需的一些材料 還沒(méi)有被發(fā)明出來(lái)。 但無(wú)論如何， 我們要在這個(gè)十年結(jié)束 之前登上月球。 你跟他一樣認(rèn)同， 只有我們國(guó)家處于全球領(lǐng)先的情況下， 國(guó)家的誓言才能夠被實(shí)現(xiàn)， 于是我們立志成為第一。 你把他所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的感情 當(dāng)成了自己的感情： 當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者表現(xiàn)得樂(lè)觀的時(shí)候， 他們說(shuō)他們相信 他們所代表的人民。

02:51

You're a conservative member of Congress, and you believe in the precautionary principle. You believe in data-driven analysis. You know that climate change is real and human-caused, and you see in climate change a silent and slow-moving Sputnik moment. One that calls for the greatness of your nation as much as the original Sputnik moment.

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 你相信預(yù)防的原理。 你相信數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的分析。 你很清楚氣候變化是真實(shí)的， 而且是人為導(dǎo)致的， 你把氣候變化 視為一個(gè)沉默的，緩慢移動(dòng)的 史普尼克號(hào)的時(shí)刻。 這個(gè)時(shí)刻需要你國(guó)家的偉大， 就和原本的史普尼克號(hào)時(shí)刻一樣。

03:21

You are a conservative member of Congress. You high-five the memory of Jack Kemp, and believe with him that the test of conservatism is that it works for everyone, regardless of skin color. You're appalled by the alt-right. You want them to have nothing to do with your brand, your party, your legacy. You utterly reject them. You --

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 你歡慶杰克·肯普的記憶， 和他一起相信 對(duì)保守主義的測(cè)試 對(duì)任何人都可行， 無(wú)論膚色。 你被非主流右派震驚。 你不想他們和你的品牌， 你的黨派，你的遺產(chǎn)有任何關(guān)聯(lián)。 你徹底地拒絕它們。 你——

03:52

（Applause）

（掌聲）

03:57

You're a conservative member of Congress. You rise with compassion to protect the lives of the unborn, but otherwise you think the bedroom of consenting adults is a rather strange place for the government to be.

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 你在同情的驅(qū)使下 保護(hù)未出生的生命， 但除此之外， 你會(huì)認(rèn)為對(duì)于政府來(lái)說(shuō)， 成年人的臥室 是一個(gè)相當(dāng)奇怪的地方。

04:10

You are a conservative member of Congress. With John Adams, you fear the mob. Because you know, as he knew, that a mob is not able to protect liberty, not even its own. And you're amazed at the wisdom that he and other framers had in establishing a slow, deliberative governing process -- an inherently conservative governing process. It would serve a country. It would grow far greater than they could ever imagine.

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 和約翰·亞當(dāng)斯一樣 害怕暴民， 因?yàn)槟阒?，就像他知道的那樣?暴民不能夠保護(hù)自由， 甚至不能保護(hù)它自己的自由。 你對(duì)于他以及其他規(guī)劃政策的人 在建立一個(gè)緩慢的， 協(xié)商的政務(wù)流程—— 一個(gè)內(nèi)在保守的政務(wù)流程方面 所擁有的智慧感到驚嘆。 它將為國(guó)家服務(wù)， 也將會(huì)比他們想象的強(qiáng)大得多。

04:45

You are a conservative member of Congress. You fear the fire of populist nationalism, because you know that those who play with fire can't control it. You see their pitchforks and torches, and you know they're not good building tools. The pitchforks and torches can tear down and burn up but they can't build up. They can't build up the institutions and the communities so necessary to a stable and prosperous country.

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 你害怕民粹主義的烈火， 因?yàn)槟阒?那些玩火的人 不能夠控制它。 你看到了他們的鋤刀和火炬， 你知道它們不是 很好的建筑工具。 鋤刀和火炬可以拆除， 燒掉建筑，但它們不能建造建筑。 它們不能夠建造機(jī)構(gòu)和社區(qū)， 而這些對(duì)于一個(gè)穩(wěn)定和 繁榮的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)是多么必要。

05:23

You're a conservative member of Congress, and you fear the next county party convention. You so wish for your party to be the grand opportunity party, not the grumpy old party.

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 你害怕下一個(gè)區(qū)黨派大會(huì)。 你多么希望你的黨派 成為充滿機(jī)會(huì)的黨派， 不是性情暴戾的老黨派。

05:39

（Laughter）

（笑聲）

05:41

You know that they want to hear from you some old saw about how a secret Muslim, non-American socialist took over in the White House and destroyed the country, and you know that none of that's true.

你知道他們想要 從你那里聽(tīng)到一些老舊的看法， 關(guān)于一個(gè)秘密的穆斯林，非美國(guó)的 社會(huì)主義者如何接管白宮， 然后毀滅掉這個(gè)國(guó)家， 你知道所有這一切都不是真的。

05:54

（Applause）

（掌聲）

06:00

You know that they want to hear you say that you're OK with insults, OK with "lock her up" chants and OK with policy pronouncements with all the sincerity and thoughtfulness that 140 characters can muster.

你知道他們想要聽(tīng)到你說(shuō) 你對(duì)于侮辱沒(méi)有異議， 你對(duì)于“把她關(guān)起來(lái)”的高唱沒(méi)有異議， 你對(duì)用 140個(gè) 字符（此處代指推特） 所能集合的所有 真誠(chéng)和深思熟慮 來(lái)發(fā)表政策聲明沒(méi)有異議。

06:19

You are a conservative member of Congress. You realize that many in your party look to some good old days that you know never existed. They hold on, for example, to the fossils that fueled the last century of growth, but you know that better, cleaner more abundant fuels await us, and you know that that abundance can lead the world to more energy, more mobility and more freedom.

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 你意識(shí)到你黨派中的許多人 懷念過(guò)去的舊時(shí)光， 你知道它們從沒(méi)有存在過(guò)。 他們堅(jiān)持，比如說(shuō)， 化石燃料驅(qū)動(dòng)了 上一個(gè)世紀(jì)的增長(zhǎng)， 但是你知道更好，更清潔， 更豐富的燃料在等待著我們。 而且你知道那種豐富的儲(chǔ)備 可以為世界帶來(lái)更多的能量， 更多的移動(dòng)性， 更多的自由。

06:52

You're a conservative member of Congress. You realize that many in your party pine for the '50s and the '60s because those were, after all, the good old days. But you know that the Cuyahoga River was on fire back then. You know that in Pittsburgh, street lights came on at noon because of the soot in the air. The schools were segregated, neighborhoods redlined, that communism threatened freedom, and if you got cancer, you weren't likely to fight for long.

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 你意識(shí)到你黨派中的許多人 對(duì)上世紀(jì)五六十年代念念不忘， 因?yàn)楫吘梗遣攀沁^(guò)去的好時(shí)光。 但是你知道凱霍加河的河面在那個(gè)時(shí)候 （因工廠石油污染排放）經(jīng)常著火， 你知道在匹茲堡， 因?yàn)榭諝庵袕浡夯遥?街燈不得不在中午的時(shí)候亮起。 學(xué)校是種族隔離的， 街區(qū)被不公平地劃分， 共產(chǎn)主義威脅著自由， 如果你患有癌癥，多半只能等死。

07:26

You're a conservative member of Congress and you want to sound like JFK at Rice, where JFK said, "It's understandable why some would have us stay where we are a little bit longer, to wait and to rest." But everything within you says with him, this city of Houston, this state of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them. You are ready to lead. You are ready to prove the power of free enterprise to solve challenges like climate change. You are ready to lead.

你是一名國(guó)會(huì)保守派議員， 你想要聽(tīng)起來(lái)像肯尼迪總統(tǒng) 在萊斯大學(xué) 提到的那樣，“可以理解 為什么有些人想要我們持續(xù) 呆在原地， 去等待，去休息。” 但是你內(nèi)心的聲音也在和他一起說(shuō)， 休斯頓這座城市， 得克薩斯這個(gè)州， 美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)這個(gè)國(guó)家并不是 由那些等待著的，休息著的， 不斷回首往昔的人所修建的。 你準(zhǔn)備好了去領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 你準(zhǔn)備好了去證明 自由企業(yè)的力量 能夠面對(duì)氣候改變 這樣的挑戰(zhàn)。 你準(zhǔn)備好了去領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

08:14

So I've got a suggestion for you then: lead ... now. Step out, step up. You know, we ask America's best to die on literal hills in places like Iraq and Afghanistan. Is it too much to ask you to die a figurative death on a political hill in Washington, DC? You know, at the end of your time in Washington, they're going to take this plaque off the door. They're going to hand it to you; you're going to go home with it. Can you imagine the emptiness of knowing that you stood for nothing, that you risk nothing, that all you did was follow fearful people to where they were already going rather than trying to lead them to a better place? If you're not willing to lose your seat in Congress, there's really very little reason to be there.

那么，我有一點(diǎn)建議給你們： 去領(lǐng)導(dǎo)—— 就現(xiàn)在。 站出來(lái)， 站起來(lái)。 我們要求美國(guó)最好的士兵 戰(zhàn)死在伊拉克和阿富汗 的荒山野嶺。 但要求你象征性地 死在華盛頓特區(qū)的政治小山上， 是太過(guò)分了嗎？ 你在特區(qū)任期即將結(jié)束的時(shí)候， 他們會(huì)將這個(gè)牌匾從門(mén)上拿下， 遞交給你， 你將帶著它回家。 你能夠想象，當(dāng)你意識(shí)到 你沒(méi)有為任何事挺身而出， 沒(méi)有承擔(dān)任何風(fēng)險(xiǎn)， 你所做的只是跟在一群充滿恐懼 的人們身后，朝著人流的方向前進(jìn)， 而沒(méi)有試圖領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他們走向 一個(gè)更好的未來(lái)的那種空虛嗎？ 如果你不愿意失去 你在國(guó)會(huì)中的位置， 那你身為議員就真的 沒(méi)有任何意義了。

09:19

（Applause）

（掌聲）

09:29

So here's the thing: it's not too late. There's still time to lead. Speak out, speak up, call lunacy what it is: lunacy. Tell the American people that we still have moon shots in us. Tell the folks at the county party convention, "You bet free enterprise can solve climate change." Tell them that Milton Friedman would say to tax pollution rather than profits. Tell them that it's OK -- no, it's a good thing that progressives would agree. Tell them the very good news that we can bring America together to solve these challenges and to lead the world. Tell them that free enterprise can do these things. Tell them that America must stop the dividing, and must start the uniting. Tell them. Play your part before it's too late.

那么我要說(shuō)的是： 亡羊補(bǔ)牢，為時(shí)未晚。 我們?nèi)匀贿€有時(shí)間去領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 說(shuō)出來(lái)， 發(fā)出你的聲音， 叫出“瘋狂”的真實(shí)意義： 瘋狂。 告訴美國(guó)人， 我們?nèi)匀贿€有“登月”的任務(wù)。 告訴在區(qū)黨派大會(huì)上的人們， “要相信自由企業(yè)可以應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。” 告訴他們，米爾頓·弗里德曼 會(huì)建議對(duì)污染征稅， 而不是對(duì)利潤(rùn)征稅。 告訴他們沒(méi)關(guān)系—— 不，進(jìn)步人士會(huì)同意 這是件好事。 告訴他們這個(gè)好消息， 我們可以讓全美人民團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái) 去解決挑戰(zhàn)，去領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界。 告訴他們，自由企業(yè)可以做到。 告訴他們美國(guó)必須停止分裂， 必須開(kāi)始聯(lián)合。 告訴他們， 在一切都太遲之前， 勇敢地?fù)?dān)負(fù)起你的責(zé)任。

10:41

（Applause）

（掌聲）

10:42

Thank you very much.

（非常感謝。 ）

10:44

（Applause）

（掌聲）