演講MP3+雙語文稿:氣候變化如何影響您的心理健康

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【演講人及介紹】BrittWray

科學(xué)說書人，作家，廣播員，布里特·雷(Britt Wray)的作品是關(guān)于生活和我們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待生活的:過去、現(xiàn)在和未來

【演講主題】氣候變化如何影響您的心理健康

【演講文稿-中英文】

翻譯者 psjmz mz 校對(duì)人員Yolanda Zhang

00:12

For all that's ever been said about climate change, we haven't heard nearly enough about the psychological impacts of living in a warming world. If you've heard the grim climate research that science communicators like me weave into our books and documentaries, you've probably felt bouts of fear, fatalism or hopelessness. If you've been impacted by climate disaster, these feelings can set in much deeper, leading to shock, trauma, strained relationships, substance abuse and the loss of personal identity and control.

盡管人們一直在談?wù)摎夂蜃兓?但關(guān)于生活在日益變暖的世界里， 受到的心理影響 我們討論得還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。 如果你聽到過像我這樣 的科學(xué)傳播者 在書和紀(jì)錄片中描述 的嚴(yán)酷的氣候研究， 你可能會(huì)感到陣陣恐懼， 絕望或是宿命論。 如果你受到過氣候?yàn)?zāi)難的影響， 這些感覺會(huì)更加深刻， 氣候?yàn)?zāi)難導(dǎo)致休克，創(chuàng)傷， 緊張的關(guān)系，藥物濫用 以及個(gè)人身份和控制力的喪失。

00:45

Vital political and technological work is underway to moderate our climate chaos, but I'm here to evoke a feeling in you for why we also need our actions and policies to reflect an understanding of how our changing environments threaten our mental, social and spiritual well-being.

至關(guān)重要的政治及科技活動(dòng) 正在緩和我們的氣候混亂， 但是我在這里是為了喚起你們的意識(shí)， 為什么我們也需要行動(dòng)和政策， 以體現(xiàn)我們對(duì)不斷變化的環(huán)境 如何威脅我們的精神、社會(huì) 和精神福祉的理解。

01:01

The anxiety, grief and depression of climate scientists and activists have been reported on for years. Trends we've seen after extreme weather events like hurricane Sandy or Katrina for increased PTSD and suicidality. And there are rich mental-health data from northern communities where warming is the fastest, like the Inuit in Labrador, who face existential distress as they witness the ice, a big part of their identity, vanishing before their eyes.

多年來，氣候科學(xué)家 和活動(dòng)人士的焦慮、 悲傷和沮喪屢見報(bào)端。 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，像颶風(fēng)桑迪 或卡特里娜等極端天氣事件后， PTSD和自殺傾向有增加的趨勢(shì)。 我們有北部人群豐富的 心理健康數(shù)據(jù)，他們居住在 天氣變暖速度最快的地方， 如生活在拉布拉多的因紐特人們， 他們正面臨生存困境， 眼睜睜地看著 最能代表他們身份的冰， 在他們眼前消失。

01:27

Now if that weren't enough, the American Psychological Association says that our psychological responses to climate change, like conflict avoidance, helplessness and resignation, are growing. This means that our conscious and unconscious mental processes are holding us back from identifying the causes of the problem for what they are, working on solutions and fostering our own psychological resilience, but we need all those things to take on what we've created.

如果這還不足夠， 據(jù)美國心理學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)， 我們對(duì)氣候變化的心理反應(yīng)， 如逃避沖突、無助和順從正在增長。 這意味著我們有意識(shí)和 無意識(shí)的心理過程， 阻礙了我們尋找問題的原因， 阻礙了我們尋找解決問題的方法， 阻礙了我們培養(yǎng)自己的心理彈性。 但我們需要這些東西 才能承擔(dān)我們?cè)斐傻暮蠊?/p>

01:53

Lately, I've been studying a phenomenon that's just one example of the emotional hardships that we're seeing. And it comes in the form of a question that a significant amount of people in my generation are struggling to answer. That being: Should I have a child in the age of climate change? After all, any child born today will have to live in a world where hurricanes, flooding, wildfires -- what we used to call natural disasters -- have become commonplace.

最近，我一直在研究一種現(xiàn)象， 這只是我們所面臨的 情感困境的一個(gè)例子。 它以一個(gè)問題的形式出現(xiàn)， 這個(gè)問題我們這一代的 很多人都很難回答。 那就是： 在氣候翻天覆地變化的年代， 我應(yīng)該生養(yǎng)一個(gè)孩子嗎? 畢竟，如今出生的任何一個(gè)孩子 都必須生活在一個(gè)颶風(fēng)、 洪水、山火—— 即我們過去常說的自然災(zāi)害—— 變得司空見慣的世界里。

02:19

The hottest 20 years on record occurred within the last 22. The UN expects that two-thirds of the global population may face water shortages only six years from now. The World Bank predicts that by 2050, there's going to be 140 million climate refugees in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and South Asia. And other estimates put that number at over one billion. Mass migrations and resource scarcity increase the risk for violence, war and political instability. The UN just reported that we are pushing up to a million species to extinction, many within decades, and our emissions are still increasing, even after the Paris Agreement.

有記錄以來最熱的20年 發(fā)生在過去22年中。 聯(lián)合國預(yù)計(jì)，僅6年后， 全球2/3的人口 可能面臨水資源短缺。 世界銀行預(yù)測(cè)，到2050年， 在撒哈拉以南非洲、拉丁美洲和南亞 將有1.4億氣候難民。 有其他機(jī)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè) 這個(gè)數(shù)字會(huì)超過10億。 大規(guī)模移民和資源匱乏 增加了暴力、戰(zhàn)爭和 政治不穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 聯(lián)合國前不久稱，我們正在將 多達(dá)100萬物種推向滅絕， 就在未來幾十年內(nèi)， 即便簽署了《巴黎協(xié)定》， 我們的排放量仍在增加。

03:00

Over the last year and a half, I've been conducting workshops and interviews with hundreds of people about parenting in the climate crisis. And I can tell you that people who are worried about having kids because of climate change are not motivated by an ascetic pride. They're nerve-racked.

在過去一年半的時(shí)間里， 我一直在舉辦研討會(huì)， 采訪了數(shù)百人， 討論如何在氣候危機(jī)中為人父母。 我可以告訴你們， 那些因氣候變化 而猶豫要不要孩子的人， 并不是因?yàn)榻髁x。 他們只是因?yàn)樯窠?jīng)緊張。

03:15

There's even a movement called BirthStrike, whose members have declared they're not going to have kids because of the state of the ecological crisis and inaction from governments to address this existential threat. And yes, other generations have also faced their own apocalyptic dangers, but that is no reason to disregard the very real threat to our survival now. Some feel that it's better to adopt children. Or that it's unethical to have more than one, especially three, four or more, because kids increase greenhouse gas emissions.

甚至有一場(chǎng)名為“生育罷工”的運(yùn)動(dòng)， 其參與者宣稱，他們不會(huì)要孩子， 原因是我們面臨生態(tài)危機(jī)， 而政府在應(yīng)對(duì)這種 生存威脅上不作為。 是的，我們的先輩們 也面臨過末日危機(jī)， 但這并不意味著我們可以忽視 如今所面臨的真正威脅。 有些人認(rèn)為收養(yǎng)孩子更好。 或者生一個(gè)以上的孩子是不道德的， 尤其是三個(gè)、四個(gè)或更多的時(shí)候， 因?yàn)槎嗌⒆訒?huì)增加 溫室氣體的排放。

03:43

Now, it is a really unfortunate state of affairs when people who want kids sacrifice their right to because, somehow, they have been told that their lifestyle choices are to blame when the fault is far more systemic, but let's just unpack the logic here.

這是一種非常不幸的情況， 想要孩子的人們得犧牲他們的權(quán)利， 因?yàn)?，在某種程度上，別人覺得 他們的生活方式是錯(cuò)誤的， 但其實(shí)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是更加系統(tǒng)化的， 我們?cè)敿?xì)展開來講講。

03:57

So an oft-cited study shows that, on average, having one less child in an industrialized nation can save about 59 tons of carbon dioxide per year. While in comparison, living car-free saves nearly 2.5 tons, avoiding a transatlantic flight -- and this is just one -- saves about 1.5 tons, and eating a plant-based diet can save almost one ton per year. And consider that a Bangladeshi child only adds 56 metric tons of carbon to their parents' carbon legacy over their lifetime, while an American child, in comparison, adds 9,441 to theirs. So this is why some people argue that it's parents from nations with huge carbon footprints who should think the hardest about how many kids they have.

一項(xiàng)經(jīng)常被引用的 研究表明，平均而言， 在工業(yè)化國家少生一個(gè)孩子 每年可以減少排放 大約59噸二氧化碳。 相比之下， 不開車可以節(jié)省將近2.5噸， 避免跨大西洋飛行 ——只須減少一次—— 可節(jié)省約1.5噸， 吃素每年幾乎可以節(jié)省1噸。 想想看，一個(gè)孟加拉國的孩子 一生中為他的父母增加 56噸的碳排放， 而一個(gè)美國的孩子 則要增加9441噸。 因此，這就是為什么有些人 認(rèn)為那些碳足跡巨大國家的父母 最應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考慮他們要幾個(gè)孩子。

04:42

But the decision to have a child and one's feelings about the future are deeply personal, and wrapped up in all sorts of cultural norms, religious beliefs, socioeconomic status, education levels and more. And so to some, this debate about kids in the climate crisis can seem like it came from another planet. Many have more immediate threats to their survival to think about, like, how they're going to put food on the table, when they're a single mom working three jobs, or they're HIV positive or on the move in a migrant caravan. Tragically, though, climate change is really great at intersectionality. It multiplies the stresses marginalized communities already face.

但要不要孩子以及 一個(gè)人對(duì)未來的感受 是非常個(gè)人化的， 與各種文化規(guī)范， 宗教信仰、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位、 教育水平等因素密切相關(guān)。 因此，對(duì)有些人來說， 在氣候危機(jī)中這場(chǎng)關(guān)于孩子的辯論 就像天方夜譚。 許多人面臨著更直接的生存威脅， 比如，如何養(yǎng)活自己的孩子， 如果她是一個(gè)打3份工的單身母親， 或者HIV檢測(cè)呈陽性， 或者還身處移民隊(duì)伍中。 然而，可悲的是，氣候變化 確實(shí)具有很強(qiáng)的交叉性。 它增加了邊緣化社區(qū)已經(jīng)面臨的壓力。

05:19

A political scientist once said to me that a leading indicator that climate change is starting to hit home, psychologically, would be an increase in the rate of informed women deciding to not have children. Interesting. Is it hitting home with you, psychologically?

一位政治學(xué)家曾對(duì)我說， 氣候變化開始從心理上 影響人們的一個(gè)主要指標(biāo)， 就是受過教育的女性 決定不生孩子的比例上升。 這聽起來很有趣。 從心理上來說， 這是否對(duì)你產(chǎn)生了影響？

05:35

Are you perhaps someone with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress? A climate psychiatrist coined that term, and that's a profession now, by the way, shrinks for climate woes. They're getting work at a time when some high schoolers don't want to apply to university any longer, because they can't foresee a future for themselves. And this brings me back to my main point.

你也許患上了與氣候相關(guān)的 創(chuàng)傷前應(yīng)激綜合癥？ 一個(gè)氣候精神病學(xué)家創(chuàng)造了這個(gè)術(shù)語， 順便說一下，這已經(jīng)是一種職業(yè)了， 專治氣候心理問題的心理醫(yī)生。 他們什么時(shí)候開始介入呢， 就是當(dāng)一些高中生 不再申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的時(shí)候， 因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)自己的未來沒有信心。 這又回到了我的主要觀點(diǎn)。

05:55

The growing concern about having kids in the climate crisis is an urgent indicator of how hard-pressed people are feeling. Right now, students around the world are screaming for change in the piercing voice of despair. And the fact that we can see how we contribute to this problem that makes us feel unsafe is crazy-making in itself. Climate change is all-encompassing and so are the ways that it messes with our minds. Many activists will tell you that the best antidote to grief is activism. And some psychologists will tell you the answer can be found in therapy. Others believe the key is to imagine you're on your deathbed, reflecting back on what's mattered the most in your life, so you can identify what you should do more of now, with the time that you have left. We need all these ideas, and more, to take care of our innermost selves as the environments we've known become more punishing towards us. And whether you have children or not, we need to be honest about what is happening, and what we owe one another. We cannot afford to treat the psychological impacts of climate change as some afterthought, because the other issues, of science, technology and the politics and economy, feel hard, while this somehow feels soft.

越來越多的人擔(dān)心在 氣候危機(jī)中生孩子， 這是人們感到壓力有多大 的一個(gè)緊迫指標(biāo)。 現(xiàn)在，全世界的學(xué)生都在 用絕望的聲音 尖叫著要求改變。 我們可以看到自己如何努力， 來解決這個(gè)讓我們不安的問題， 這件事本身就會(huì)讓我們瘋狂。 氣候變化是包羅萬象的， 它擾亂我們思維的方式也是如此。 許多積極分子會(huì)告訴你 消除悲傷的最好辦法就是積極行動(dòng)。 一些心理學(xué)家會(huì)告訴你 答案可以在治療中找到。 另一些人則認(rèn)為， 關(guān)鍵是想象自己即將死去， 回想一下生命中最重要的事情， 這樣你就能確定在剩下的時(shí)間里， 應(yīng)該去做哪些事情。 這些想法我們都需要，更重要的是， 要關(guān)注內(nèi)心深處的自我， 因?yàn)槲覀兯煜さ沫h(huán)境 對(duì)我們?cè)絹碓讲焕?無論你有沒有孩子， 我們都需要誠實(shí)地 面對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事情， 以及我們對(duì)彼此的虧欠。 我們不能把 氣候變化的心理影響 看成是還未發(fā)生的事情， 因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)、技術(shù)、政治 和經(jīng)濟(jì)等其他問題， 感覺很棘手， 而這個(gè)問題感覺可以緩一緩。

07:09

Mental health needs to be an integral part of any climate change survival strategy, requiring funding, and ethics of equity and care, and widespread awareness. Because even if you're the most emotionally avoidant person on the planet, there's no rug in the world that's big enough to sweep this up under.

心理健康需要成為 任何氣候變化生存戰(zhàn)略 的一個(gè)組成部分， 需要資金、公平和關(guān)懷的倫理 以及廣泛的認(rèn)知。 因?yàn)榧词鼓闶沁@個(gè)星球上 最沒有情緒波動(dòng)的人， 你也不可能對(duì)這一切視而不見。

07:26

Thank you.

謝謝大家

07:27

(Applause)

（鼓掌）