演講MP3+雙語文稿:世代相傳的成見如何使我們退縮

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聽力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語文稿，供各位英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語文稿:世代相傳的成見如何使我們退縮，希望你會喜歡！

【演講人及介紹】Leah Georges

社會心理學(xué)家莉亞·喬治（Leah Georges）是一位教授和研究員。

【演講主題】世代相傳的成見如何使我們退縮

【演講文稿-中英文】

翻譯者Wanna Shi 校對 功偉 邢

00:12

So, for the first time in America's modernhistory, we have five generations interacting at work.

這是美國現(xiàn)代史上第一次，工作環(huán)境中有五代人共存。

00:17

The veterans, born between 1922 and 1943,are known as the Greatest Generation, the matures, the silents. They're knownfor their self-sacrifice, respect for authority and work as its own reward.

出生于1922-1943年間的老兵一代，他們是最偉大的一代、成熟的一代、沉默的一代。他們犧牲自我、尊重權(quán)威，以工作為榮。

00:31

The boomers came shortly after, bornbetween 1944 and 1960. This is a generation characterized by hard work. Infact, we can thank this generation for the term "workaholic." Theyappreciate competition, they love effective communication. And they're thinkingtowards retirement, if they haven't retired already.

隨后的1944-1960年，美國迎來了嬰兒潮一代。這一代人工作勤奮。實際上，出現(xiàn)“工作狂”這個詞還得感謝他們。他們注重競爭，喜歡有效溝通。那些還沒退休的人則暢想著退休后的生活。

00:52

Generation X is known as the lostgeneration the latchkey generation, born between 1961 and 1980. This is thesmallest generation, sandwiched between boomers and the big millennials. Moreparents were divorced in this generation than any generation prior. They alsowere the first generation to tell us about work-life balance, and the first toreally ask for that in the workplace.

“X一代”也被稱為迷惘的一代、掛鑰匙的一代，他們出生于1961-1980年間。這一代人，人數(shù)最少，介于嬰兒潮一代和龐大的千禧一代之間。這一代人的父母的離婚率高于此前的任何一代。他們也是第一代跟我們談?wù)撘胶夤ぷ髋c生活的人，同時也是第一代真正在工作中爭取這種平衡的人。

01:16

And then millennials -- you know, theeverybody-gets-a-ribbon generation -- born between 1981 and 2000. Never knew atime where technology wasn't present in the home. They're incredibly pragmatic,they're hopeful and they're determined. They think they're going to change theworld, in fact, I believe they're going to do it. They might be a little bitidealistic sometimes, but in just the last several years, we've seenmillennials overtake Generation X to be the most represented generation in theworkforce. In fact, more than one in three people in the United States laborforce is a millennial. And soon to join us there, Generation Z, born since2000, our high school interns or soon to be high school graduates.

“人人都披綬帶”的千禧一代出生于1981-2000年間。他們不知道科技走進千家萬戶之前世界是什么樣的。他們非常務(wù)實、懷抱希望、決心強大。他們認(rèn)為他們能改變世界，事實上，我相信他們會去改變世界。有時候，他們或許有點理想主義，但是就在前幾年，我們看到千禧一代超越了X一代，成為了工作中的主力軍。實際上，美國的勞動力，每三個人中就有一個是千禧一代。很快，又出現(xiàn)了Z一代，即2000年后出生的人，他們有些是高中實習(xí)生，有些很快將成為畢業(yè)生。

01:57

Now, if you open any internet browser, lookat Amazon, search any of your favorite search engines, you might assume there'sa literal war in the workplace, right? We see blog topics like "Seventeenreasons why millennials are the worst generation." And "Why babyboomers have ruined it for everybody." Or "Bridging the greatgenerational divide." It's like turning into this "West SideStory," like, boomers come in one door, millennials come in another door,the lobby, they just fight with each other all day, complain, go home, do thesame, come back to work, right?

現(xiàn)在，你隨便打開一網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器，看一下亞馬遜，打開你喜歡的任一個搜索引擎，你或許會想，工作場所中有一場口水戰(zhàn)正在上演，是嗎？我們就會看到這樣的博文話題：“17個理由說明為什么說千禧一代是最糟糕的一代”、“為什么說嬰兒潮一代毀了大家的一切”、或者“消除代際分歧”。就像《西區(qū)故事》一樣，就像嬰兒潮一代從一扇門進來，千禧一代從另一扇門進來，他們成天扭打、互相抱怨、回家，相同的戲碼反復(fù)上演，再繼續(xù)工作，是吧？

02:28

Well, so what if I told you thesegenerations may not exist? I've been spending some time thinking about this andresearching this, and fellow researchers and I aren't exactly sure that thesegenerations are real. And in fact, if we can agree that these groups evenexist, we certainly don't agree who belongs in them. And they span something like20 years. So at whatever point in history, a one-year-old and a 20-year-old aresaid to share the same value system, to want the same things at work, to havethe same stereotypes working for and against them. And in fact, different areasof the world define these generations differently. So we can't even comparegenerations across various areas of the world. And these stereotypes about eachgeneration have, in a lot of ways, created this self-fulfilling prophecy, thatpeople begin to act as if they're part of that generation because we've saidout loud that generation is real. I'm not so sure that it is.

那如果我告訴你這幾代人或許都不存在，會怎么樣？我曾花了一些時間來思考并研究這個問題，而我和其他研究成員并不確這幾代人真的存在。事實上，就算我們都認(rèn)為這幾代人存在，我們也不確定誰屬于哪一代人。一代大概是20年。所以在歷史長河中的任何一個時間點，一個1歲的孩子和一個20歲的大人遵循相同的價值體系、在工作中想要一樣的東西、在工作環(huán)境中面臨相同的模式化觀念，事實上，全球各地對每一代人的界定不盡相同。所以我們甚至無法比較全球各地的每一代人。這些關(guān)于每一代人的模式化觀念在很多方面創(chuàng)造了自證預(yù)言，即人們的行為舉止似乎開始說明他們是那一代人的一份子，因為我們明確地說了那一代人真實存在。我不敢茍同。

03:25

And in fact, this idea of generations hasbecome deeply embedded in United States culture. When we talk generations,people know exactly what we're talking about. In fact, people have a lot ofthoughts and feelings about each of these generations. And I'll tell you how Iknow this. I did the thing that every red-blooded American and pre-tenureacademic does when they have a question. I Googled some stuff. And this is whatI learned. Google is based on algorithms, and they provide you with commonlysearched terms, or suggested hits, based on what other people are searchingsurrounding the same topic. And it gave me a really good sense of what peoplethink about each of these generations. Take a look.

實際上，這種一代人一代人的想法在美國文化中根深蒂固。當(dāng)我們談?wù)撘淮说臅r候，對方知道我們談?wù)摰氖鞘裁?。實際上，人們對每一代人都有很多的想法和感覺。我來跟你們說說我是怎么知道的。我做了一件每一個血氣方剛的、尚未獲得終身職位的美籍學(xué)者遇到問題時會做的事。我在谷歌上搜索了一些內(nèi)容。這就是我搜索到的內(nèi)容。谷歌是按照算法運行的，會顯示常用搜索詞條、或者根據(jù)其他人就相同主題的搜索出現(xiàn)的查詢結(jié)果。人們對每一代人是怎么看的呢？就此，谷歌真的讓我有了很好的認(rèn)識。一起看看吧。

04:03

I learned that baby boomers areconservative, that Americans think they're stupid. The worst generation,they're angry, apparently they're racist and they're so important. Looking atGeneration X, I learned Generation X is a cynical group, they're angry, they'reknown as the lost generation -- we know this; they're the smallest generation.Apparently, they're stupid too.

我了解到，嬰兒潮一代比較保守，美國人覺得他們很傻。他們是最糟糕的一代，他們憤憤不平，顯然他們信奉種族主義，但是他們非常重要。接下來看看X一代，我了解到，X一代憤世嫉俗，他們憤懣不平，他們是迷惘的一代，人盡皆知；他們這一代規(guī)模最小、人數(shù)最少。顯然，他們也很傻。

04:26

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

04:27

And mostly, they're frustrated with babyboomers.

在很大程度上，他們對嬰兒潮一代感到懊惱。

04:30

Alright, millennials, this is what Ilearned about us. So, we're obsessed with food.

繼續(xù)看，千禧一代，這是對我自己這一代的認(rèn)識：我們沉迷于吃吃吃，無法自拔。

04:34

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

04:37

We're also stupid, ah! We're lazy, we'resensitive, we're fired, we're also hated, and we think we're important. Andperhaps the most terrifying search result on the internet -- Generation Z isscrewed.

還有，我們也很傻。我們很懶、敏感又玻璃心，我們被開除、被解雇，我們也遭人嫌遭人恨，我們還認(rèn)為自己很重要?；蛟S網(wǎng)上搜到的最糟糕的結(jié)果是—— Z一代完蛋了。

04:50

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

04:53

OK, so, for five years, I've been talkingto leaders and followers across a wide variety of organizations. And this iswhat I've come to realize. Generations haven't become part of the conversation-- generations have become the conversation at work. What I've learned is thatwe're working under the assumption that those Google results are true. And so,what I think is that organizations are now desperate to figure out how to"manage" the multigenerational workplace. "Manage" it. Wemanage all sorts of things. We're preparing for this wave of millennials tocome to work. So we prepare for hurricanes, right? We prepare to take the MCAT,we prepare for natural disasters. Why are we preparing for 23-year-olds to cometo work?

過去五年，我不斷地與各個組織機構(gòu)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)及其追隨者談話。我發(fā)現(xiàn)了，一代又一代的人并沒有成為我們的談話內(nèi)容，但他們是工作場合中的談話內(nèi)容。我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們正在假設(shè)上述谷歌搜索結(jié)果為真命題的情境下工作。所以我認(rèn)為，各個組織機構(gòu)目前特別想搞清楚要如何去“管理”多代人的工作環(huán)境。“管理”。我們什么都管。我們正在準(zhǔn)備迎接一大波千禧一代進入職場。我們會做好準(zhǔn)備防范颶風(fēng)，是嗎？我們準(zhǔn)備參加醫(yī)學(xué)院入學(xué)考試，我們做好準(zhǔn)備，應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害。一群23歲的人即將進入職場，為什么我們要做準(zhǔn)備呢？

05:39

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

05:40

I've talked to these organizations, andI've heard amazing things that they're doing to create a workspace foreverybody to get along and to have autonomy and to feel like they're thriving.But I've also heard some really incredibly harebrained ideas about how tonavigate the multigenerational workplace. Are you ready? This is what I saw. Ivisited an organization, and they adopted this idea that if you can see it, youcan be it. A really important concept. But I think they blew it. The putpictures on the walls of the ideal multigenerational workplace, because if youcan see it, you can be it.

我與各個組織機構(gòu)談話，我聽說了他們所做的驚人努力，去打造人人都能和諧相處的工作環(huán)境，打造自主權(quán)，讓大家覺得整個團隊正在茁壯成長。但是我也聽說了一些愚蠢至極的想法，關(guān)于管理多代人的工作環(huán)境。你們準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？這就是我所看到的。我參觀了一個機構(gòu)，他們就采用了這個想法，即你能看到就能做到。一個非常重要的理念。但我們覺得他們沒用對。他們在墻上掛了很多圖，主題是理想的多代人工作環(huán)境，因為你能看到就能做到。

06:14

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

06:17

Or like this one.

或者像這個。

06:18

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

06:21

Like, I don't even want to work here.

我根本不想在這里工作！

06:23

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

06:24

You don't get to wear color here,apparently, and HR seriously has problems with people jumping in heels, Ipromise you that, OK? I talked to an organization who recently decided againstputting a ball pit in the break room because that's how you retain millennials.We're 30, not three.

顯然，在這里你不能穿鮮艷亮麗的服裝，HR肯定對穿著高跟鞋還蹦跶的人不滿，我打包票，好吧？我跟一個機構(gòu)溝通，他們最近做出了決定，反對在休息室里放置海洋球，這是留住千禧一代的伎倆。我們都30了，不是三歲小孩子。

06:43

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

06:44

And in fact, I know a young, at the time,millennial, who was told that if she wanted people to take her seriously, justbecause she was a millennial, she would have to do this -- wear shoulder pads.Yes. People younger than her and older than her wouldn't take her seriouslyunless she wore shoulder pads. Straight-out-of-the-80s, can't-even-buy-them-anywhereshoulder pads. This young woman had two graduate degrees. This young woman wasme. And this is the best we came up with? How to navigate the multigenerationalworkplace ... is shoulder pads?

實際上，我當(dāng)時還知道一位千禧一代，有人告訴她，如果想讓別人把她當(dāng)回事，就因為她是千禧一代，她就得這么做——用肩墊。就是這樣。比她年長或比她年輕的人不會把她當(dāng)回事，除非她用肩墊。就算是80年代也買不到的那種肩墊。這位年輕女性擁有兩個碩士學(xué)位。這位年輕女性就是我。這就是我們能想到的最好的解決方法嗎？管理多代人的工作環(huán)境……要靠肩墊？

07:22

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

07:24

So, this is also what I've learned talkingto organizations that employ a wide range of people of various ages. We are somuch more similar than we are different. And we're hearing this consistently.People want work that matters, they want flexibility, they want support, theywant appreciation, they want better coffee. But none of these things are tiedto a generation. Now, sure, we see small differences in what people want. Weknow 20-year-olds and 60-year-olds go home and do different things. They havedifferent values. At least when it comes to things happening outside of work.

這是也我與各個組織機構(gòu)交談的發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些組織結(jié)構(gòu)里有各個年齡層次的員工。我們的確有不同的一面，但我們有更多相似的一面。而且我們聽到的也都是：人們想做真正有用的工作，想要自由靈活，想要獲得支持，想要被欣賞稱贊，想要更好喝的咖啡。這些都不是只與某一代人掛鉤的東西。我們確實會發(fā)現(xiàn)人們的追求有細(xì)微差別。我們知道，20歲的人和60歲的人下班回家后所做的事情不一樣。他們有著不同的價值觀。至少對于工作以外的事情是如此。

07:57

But I think what's happened is that thisfocus on generational cohorts, these groups of people, has created a spacewhere we just forgot that people are people. And to know who they really are,who we really work with, we have to figure out how to better navigate thismultigenerational workplace than ball pits. Call me one of those idealistmillennials, but I think we can get there. And I don't think the idea is tooterribly difficult.

但是我認(rèn)為，對一代人的關(guān)注，對一代又一代人的關(guān)注，打造了這樣一個環(huán)境——我們忘了大家都是人。為了知道他們到底是誰、我們到底在和誰一起工作，我們得搞清楚如何更好地管理這個多代人的工作環(huán)境。可要比管海洋球管得好?。∧銈兛梢哉f我是千禧一代中的理想主義者，但我相信我們能做到。而且我也不覺得這個想法很難實現(xiàn)。

08:25

What if we radically, simply, not easily,meet people where they are? Individualize our approach. I've never met ageneration. I've had a lot of conversations with people who happened toidentify with a specific generational cohort. I know that 80-year-olds textmessage and 23-year-olds crochet blankets. None of these things arestereotypical of that generation, right?

如果我們從根本上、單純地、而非簡單地去認(rèn)識一個人，那會怎么樣？因人而異。我從來不認(rèn)識某一代人。有些人恰巧與特定的某一代人產(chǎn)生了共鳴，我與他們進行過深入的交談。我認(rèn)識知道怎么發(fā)短信的耄耋老人，也認(rèn)識會織毯子的年輕人。但是這些并不是那一代人的典型特征，對吧？

08:49

Nilofer Merchant -- she's a thought leaderin innovation -- she tells us we have to meet people in their onlyness, thatis, that spot in the world where only we stand, as a function of our uniquehistory, our experiences and our hopes. But this requires flexibility andcuriosity.

Nilofer Merchant 是一位創(chuàng)新思想領(lǐng)袖，她告訴大家，我們得去認(rèn)識人們的唯一性，也就是我們在世界上的唯一處境，這是我們獨特的歷史、我們的經(jīng)歷、我們的希望造就的結(jié)果。但這需要靈活應(yīng)對、要有好奇心。

09:06

And what happens when we meet people intheir onlyness, only the spot in the world that they stand, we learn that thatboomer who is just acting "angry" at work all the time is scared.Because he's worked every day since he was 16 years old, and on a Monday,sooner than he can imagine, he'll never go to work again. He's got plans. It'sgoing to take like a week and a half to do all the things on that retirementlist. But then what? What if we give a little bit of grace to the person thatmight be a little scared?

當(dāng)我們?nèi)フJ(rèn)識人們的唯一性時，去認(rèn)識他們的處境時，我們會明白，在職場中一直表現(xiàn)出“憤憤不平”的嬰兒潮一代的某個人其實內(nèi)省充滿恐懼。因為他從16歲開始就每天工作，而某個他還來不及做好心理準(zhǔn)備的周一，他就不用再去上班了。他有自己的計劃，那就是花一周半的時間把退休清單上的所有事情都做完。但是，在那之后呢？如果我們能給那個心懷一絲恐懼的人多一點的時間，會怎么樣？

09:40

Or that Generation X-er who has fourdrop-offs, three kids, two hands, and is just trying to keep the wheels on thebus. Sure, maybe she's a little aloof at work. Maybe she's a littleindependent, maybe she's exhausted. Or that millennial who asks for a raiseafter two months because they're "entitled?" Well, maybe it's becausethat generation has more debt than any generation before them, coming out ofcollege, and they just need the money to keep going, to pay rent.

或者，X一代的某個人，她輟學(xué)四次，有三個孩子，只能通過自己的雙手努力給家人好的生活。當(dāng)然，她可能對工作有些漠不關(guān)心，她可能有點無依無靠，她可能累壞了。又或者，千禧一代的某個人，工作兩個月后就要求加薪，因為他覺得自己“值得擁有”？這可能是因為這一代人在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后比此前的任何一代人有更多的債務(wù)，他們只是需要錢來維持生活，付租金。

10:08

And suddenly, when you meet people in theironlyness, that spot in the world only they stand, we're not talking about ageneration anymore. We're talking about Jim or Jen or Candice. And so here's mychallenge to us. Pick a person, just one, and explore their onlyness. And thenlearn. And then in the moments where it's appropriate, teach. And figure outwhat they bring to work that no one else can bring to work, because that's whatmakes work richer. And then do it again. And do it again. And then some day, we'renot working with generations anymore. We're working with people.

突然，當(dāng)你去認(rèn)識人們的唯一性時，當(dāng)你去了解他們的唯一處境時，那我們談?wù)摰木筒皇悄骋淮肆?，我們談?wù)摰氖菑埲?、李四或王五。我現(xiàn)在向大家發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)，選擇一個人，就選一個，然后去探索他的唯一性。去了解。在合適的時候去溝通，教育。去看看他們?yōu)楣ぷ鲙砹耸裁?，是其他人沒有的，因為這才是讓工作更豐富多彩的關(guān)鍵所在。再尋找下一個目標(biāo)。再尋找下下個目標(biāo)。某一天，我們就不再是與某幾代人一起工作了。我們是與具體的一群人一起工作。

10:42

And so to really understand the beauty ofthe multigenerational workplace, I think we just have to meet people where theyare. And that doesn't require that we unpack and live there with them. But wemight find, at least on occasion, it's a beautiful place to visit. And so Ithink there's just no need to argue about which generation is the most angry orthe most entitled or the most so obsessed with food. We all come to theclassroom, to work, back to our homes, a little bit tired and a little bittattered sometimes. Maybe let's just do our best to humbly meet people wherethey are, how they show up that day, generation and all. And in those momentswhere it can feel a little bit like intergenerational warfare, I think we canat least all agree that shoulder pads aren't the solution.

所以要想真正了解多代人工作環(huán)境的好處，我覺得我們要去了解人們的處境，這不是要我們?nèi)ジ麄冏≡谝黄?，但是我們可能會，至少時不時地會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個地方很美好，值得一去。所以我認(rèn)為真的沒有必要 去爭論哪一代人最憤憤不平，哪一代人最自以為是，或者哪一代人最愛吃吃吃。我們都要上學(xué)、工作、下班回家，我們都會有點累，有時會有幾分不堪。那就讓我們盡可能謙遜地認(rèn)識他人吧，認(rèn)識他們的處境，同一代人也好，其他代人也罷。這樣的話，在代際間的斗爭初露端倪時，我想我們至少都贊同用肩墊解決不了問題。

11:27

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

11:29

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

11:30

(Applause)

（掌聲）