演講MP3+雙語文稿:這項新技術(shù)讓你通過觸摸即可導(dǎo)航

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聽力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語文稿，供各位英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語文稿:這項新技術(shù)讓你通過觸摸即可導(dǎo)航，希望你會喜歡！

【演講者及介紹】Keith Kirkland

基思·柯克蘭（Keith Kirkland）是WearWorks的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人，這家公司的產(chǎn)品和體驗都是通過觸摸來傳達(dá)信息。

【演講主題】可穿戴技術(shù)，幫助你通過觸摸導(dǎo)航

【中英文字幕】

翻譯者 Thomas Tam 校對者 Homer Li

0:13

Do you remember your first kiss? Or thattime you burned the roof of your mouth on a hot slice of pizza? What aboutplaying tag or duck, duck, goose as a child? These are all instances where we'reusing touch to understand something. And it's the basis of haptic design.

你猶記當(dāng)年的初吻嗎？或那次剛出爐的熱披薩，燙傷了你嘴巴的事嗎? 小時候玩“貼膏藥”或“鴨、鴨或鵝”感覺怎么樣？這些都是用觸摸來理解某些東西的例子。是建立觸覺設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)。

00:30

"Haptic" means of or relating tothe sense of touch. And we've all been using that our entire lives. I waswong on my computer when my friend, seeing me hunched over typing, walkedover behind me. She put her left thumb into the left side of my lower back,while reaching her right index finger around to the front of my right shoulder.Instinctively, I sat up straight. In one quick and gentle gesture, she hadcommunicated how to improve my posture. The paper I was wong on at that verymoment centered around developing new ways to teach movement using technology.I wanted to create a suit that could teach a person kung fu.

“觸感”是與觸覺有關(guān)。每天我們都在使用。當(dāng)我的朋友注意到我在電腦前工作時，駝著背打字，就走到我身后。她把左手大拇指放在我下背部的左邊，又把她的右手食指伸到我右肩的前面。我就本能地坐直了。一個快速而溫和的手勢，她就促使我改善自己的姿勢。當(dāng)時我正在寫的一篇論文是論述利用新技術(shù)來導(dǎo)引運(yùn)動。我想制造能教人功夫的套裝。

01:06

（Laughter）

（笑聲）

01:08

But I had no idea how to communicatemovement without an instructor being in the room. And in that moment, it becamecrystal clear: touch. If I had vibrating motors where she had placed each ofher fingers, paired with motion-capture data of my current and optimal posture,I could simulate the entire experience without an instructor needing to be inthe room. But there was still one important part of the puzzle that wasmissing. If I want you to raise your wrist two inches off of your lap, usingvibration, how do I tell you to do that? Do I put a motor at the top of yourwrist, so you know to lift up? Or do I put one at the bottom of your wrist, soit feels like you're being pushed up? There were no readily available answersbecause there was no commonly agreed-upon haptic language to communicateinformation with.

但我的疑問在于怎樣指導(dǎo)運(yùn)動，當(dāng)沒有老師在場的時候。那一刻，我突然找到了答案：觸摸。如果將振動馬達(dá)放在她每只手指的位置上，配對當(dāng)前捕捉到的動作與最佳姿勢動作的數(shù)據(jù)差別，我就可以模擬整個沒有教練在旁的環(huán)境。但還有一個重要的疑難。如果使用振動器要把你的手腕從膝蓋抬高兩英寸時，我又怎能驅(qū)使你這么做？就放一個馬達(dá)在你的手腕上，能讓你知道要抬起手嗎？或放在你手腕底部，感覺像是被人推起來？這個沒有現(xiàn)成技術(shù)可供參考，因為沒有公認(rèn)的觸覺語言與…交流信息。

01:54

So my cofounders and I set out to createthat language. And the first device we built was not a kung fu suit.

所以我和共同創(chuàng)始人開始創(chuàng)造這種新語言。我們制造的第一件設(shè)備并不是功夫套裝。

02:01

（Laughter）

（笑聲）

02:03

But in a way, it was even more impressivebecause of its simplicity and usefulness. We started with the use case ofnavigation, which is a simplified form of movement. We then created Wayband, awrist-wearable device that could orient a user toward a destination, usingvibrating cues. We would ask people to spin around and to stop in a way thatthey felt was the right way to go. Informally, we tried this with hundreds ofpeople, and most could figure it out within about 15 seconds. It was thatintuitive.

但在某種程度上，它更令人印象深刻，因為它簡單而實用。首先從導(dǎo)航事例開始，是一種簡化的運(yùn)動形式。然后我們創(chuàng)造了“引路手帶”，一種腕部穿戴設(shè)備，可引領(lǐng)用戶到達(dá)目的地，用振動提示作導(dǎo)航。我們會讓人們轉(zhuǎn)到他們認(rèn)為正確的方向停下來。我們非正式給數(shù)百人試驗過了，大多數(shù)人可以在 15 秒內(nèi)找到正確方向。就是依據(jù)直覺。

02:37

Initially, we were just trying to getpeople out of their phones and back into the real world. But the more we experimented,the more we realized that those who stood to benefit most from our work werepeople who had little or no sight. When we first approached a blindorganization, they told us, "Don't build a blind device. Build a devicethat everyone can use but that's optimized for the blind experience." Wecreated our company WearWorks with three guiding principles: make cool stuff,create the greatest impact we can in our lifetimes and reimagine an entireworld designed for touch.

起初，我們只想讓人們從沉醉于手機(jī)中回到現(xiàn)實世界。但我們做越多的試驗，發(fā)覺最受益的人，是盲人或視力受障礙人士。當(dāng)首次接觸盲人組織時，他們告訴我們，“不要設(shè)計盲人專用的設(shè)備，設(shè)計一個所有人都可用的設(shè)備但可優(yōu)化盲人的生活?！蔽覀冇萌齻€指導(dǎo)原則創(chuàng)建了一家公司 “佩戴工藝”：是做些很酷的東西，用盡全力，創(chuàng)造最大的影響力，重新構(gòu)想以觸摸為旨的世界。

03:16

And on November 5, 2017, Wayband helped aperson who was blind run the first 15 miles of the New York City Marathonwithout any sighted assistance.

2017年11月5日，佩戴工藝協(xié)助了一位盲人在沒有領(lǐng)跑員的幫助下，跑完紐約市馬拉松的前15英里。（掌聲）

03:27

（Applause）

（掌聲）

03:36

It didn't get him through the entire racedue to the heavy rain, but that didn't matter.

不巧的是由于大雨，他未能跑畢全程，但這點并不重要。

03:40

（Laughter）

（笑聲）

03:41

We had proved the point: that it waspossible to navigate a complex route using only touch.

我們已經(jīng)證明了: 在復(fù)雜的路線上，靠著觸感也可以被導(dǎo)航。

03:46

So, why touch? The skin has an innatesensitivity akin to the eyes' ability to recognize millions of colors or theears' ability to recognize complex pitch and tone. Yet, as a communicationschannel, it's been largely relegated to Morse code-like cell phonenotifications. If you were to suddenly receive a kiss or a punch, your reactionwould be instinctive and immediate. Meanwhile, your brain would be playingcatch-up on the back end to understand the details of what just occurred. Andcompared to instincts, conscious thought is pretty slow. But it's a lightningbolt compared to the snail's pace of language acquisition. I spent aconsiderable amount of time learning Spanish, Japanese, German and currentlySwedish, with varying degrees of failure.

那么，為何是觸感呢？因為皮膚天生敏感，類似于眼睛有識別數(shù)百萬種顏色的能力，或者耳朵識別復(fù)雜音調(diào)和音色的能力。然而，作為溝通渠道，它被歸入摩爾斯電碼，比如手機(jī)通知之類。如果你突然被吻或被打一拳，你的反應(yīng)會是本能而直接的。同時，你的大腦會從后追趕。想了解剛發(fā)生事情的細(xì)節(jié)。與直覺相比，有意識的思考是相當(dāng)緩慢的。像一瞬間的閃電，與語言溝通的速度相比。我花了很多的時間學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語、日語、德語和目前的瑞典語，有不同程度的失敗。

04:32

（Laughter）

（笑聲）

04:36

But within those failures were kernels ofhow different languages are organized. That gave our team insight into how touse the linguistic order of well-established languages as inspiration for anentirely new haptic language, one based purely on touch. It also showed us whenusing language mechanics wasn't the best way to deliver information. In thesame way a smile is a smile across every culture, what if there was someunderlying mechanism of touch that transcended linguistic and culturalboundaries? A universal language, of sorts.

我失敗的核心在于這些語言有不同的組織方式。使我們的團(tuán)隊得到啟示，如何運(yùn)用語序引領(lǐng)我們發(fā)展一種全新觸覺語言，純粹基于觸摸。

05:09

You see, I could give you buzz-buzz-buzz,buzz-buzz, and you would eventually learn that that particular vibration means"stop." But as haptic designers, we challenged ourselves. What wouldit be like to design "stop?" Well, based on context, most of us havethe experience of being in a vehicle and having that vehicle stop suddenly,along with our body's reaction to it. So if I wanted you to stop, I could sendyou a vibration pattern, sure. Or, I could design a haptic experience that justmade stopping feel like it was the right thing to do. And that takes more thanan arbitrary assignment of haptic cues to meanings. It takes a deep empathy. Italso takes the ability to distill human experience into meaningful insights andthen into haptic gestures and products.

還有利用語言運(yùn)用的方式不是信息傳遞的最好方法。微笑是不分文化的。如果有某種潛在的接觸機(jī)制能超越了語言和文化的界限？某種通用語言?？梢越o你二短一長，二短的振動，由此你最終會學(xué)到那種特殊振動意味著“停止”。身為觸覺設(shè)計師，我們自我挑戰(zhàn)如何來設(shè)計 “停止” 的訊號？ 舉個例子，大多數(shù)人在車上都經(jīng)歷過，那輛車突然停下來，我們的身體會接著作出反應(yīng)。若果我要你停下來，可以給你發(fā)一張振動圖?；蛘呖梢栽O(shè)計一種觸覺體驗，讓人知道做出正確的停止動作。不能只發(fā)出任意的觸覺訊號，訊號要引發(fā)強(qiáng)烈的共鳴。那么還需要從人類的經(jīng)驗中提煉出有意義的洞察力產(chǎn)生出以觸覺為主的手勢和產(chǎn)品。

05:59

Haptic design is going to expand the humanability to sense and respond to our environments, both physical and virtual.There's a new frontier: touch. And it has the power to change how we all seethe world around us.

觸覺的設(shè)計將擴(kuò)展我們?nèi)祟?感知和應(yīng)對環(huán)境的能力，在實際和虛擬環(huán)境中。我們在構(gòu)建一個新的領(lǐng)域：觸覺。驅(qū)動我們對周圍環(huán)境有新的看法。

06:14

Thank you.

謝謝您。

06:15

（Applause）

（掌聲）