演講MP3+雙語文稿:水危機(jī)的創(chuàng)造性解決方案

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【演講者及介紹】LaToya Ruby Frazier

視覺藝術(shù)家拉托婭-魯比-弗雷澤（LaToya Ruby Frazier）將她的攝影鏡頭聚焦在工人階級(jí)家庭，探索家庭、不平等、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生和環(huán)境種族主義等主題。

【演講主題】密歇根州弗林特市水危機(jī)的創(chuàng)造性解決方案

【中英文字幕】

翻譯者Jiasi Hao 校對者Yanyan Hong

00:13

So, in 2016, I was commissioned to producea photo essay about the water crisis in Flint, Michigan. And that's been goingon since 2014. And I accepted the commission with the idea that I wouldphotograph three generations of women dealing with the crisis on a daily basis.

在 2016 年，我受托制作一本專題攝影報(bào)道，內(nèi)容關(guān)于密歇根州弗林特市從 2014 年開始的水資源危機(jī)。我接受了委托，想著我可以拍攝三個(gè)世代的女性如何應(yīng)對日常水資源危機(jī)。

00:38

I was fortunate to meet two best friends,artists, activists and poets Amber Hasan and Shea Cobb, who took me aroundFlint. As a school bus driver, Shea Cobb became the central figure of the photoessay, along with her mother, Ms. Renée, and her eight-year-old daughter, Zion.I obsessively followed Shea's school bus routes. And when Shea wasn't drivingthe bus, she would be watching over Zion, making sure she was studying. Iembedded myself in every intimate facet of Shea's life. When Shea took me toZion's school, and I saw the water fountains covered with signs that said,"Contaminated. Do not drink," I couldn't pick up my camera tophotograph it. It rocked me to the core to see that in America, we can go fromfountains that say "Whites" or "Blacks only," to todayseeing fountains that say, "Contaminated water. Do not drink." Andsomehow, that's acceptable?

我很有幸認(rèn)識(shí)兩位最棒的朋友：藝術(shù)家、活動(dòng)家和詩人安珀·哈桑 和 謝伊·科布。他們帶我逛了弗林特。謝伊·科布是一名校車司機(jī)，和她的母親蕾妮女士以及她 8 歲的女兒，錫安，成為了專題攝影的中心人物。我十分著迷地跟著謝伊的校車。當(dāng)謝伊不在開車的時(shí)候，她會(huì)照看錫安，確保她有在學(xué)習(xí)。我全身心融入并感受謝伊生活的方方面面。當(dāng)謝伊帶著我去錫安的學(xué)校時(shí)，我看到飲水處掛著許多標(biāo)志，上面寫著：“受污染，不可飲用”。我無法拿起相機(jī)記錄這個(gè)場景。我感到非常震驚，竟然會(huì)在美國看到這種事，那些飲水處的標(biāo)示從“僅限白人”或“僅限黑人”，到現(xiàn)在所見的那個(gè)標(biāo)志，“受污染，不可飲用”。而這竟然是可以接受的？

01:47

The residents in Flint have been forced todrink with, cook with and bathe with bottled water, while paying the highestwater bills in the country for water that is infected with deadly legionellabacteria.

當(dāng)弗林特的居民正使用著被致命軍團(tuán)菌感染的水支付著國家高昂的水費(fèi)的同時(shí)，他們卻不得不被迫飲用瓶裝水，和用瓶裝水來燒飯、洗澡。

02:03

It was natural for me to go to Flint,because industrial pollution, bacteria-contaminated water were all too familiarfor me growing up in my hometown, Braddock, Pennsylvania, where my mother and Ibattled cancer and autoimmune disorders like lupus. Our 14-year collaboration,"The Notion of Family," was created out of our struggle to surviveenvironmental racism, healthcare inequity and chemical emissions that werebeing deregulated and released from the United States Steel Corporation, makingBraddock the town with the highest asthma and infant mortality rates in thecountry. From the Monongahela River to the Flint River, in the words of W.E.B.Du Bois, "The town, the whole valley, has turned its back upon the river.It has used it as a sewer, as a drain, as a place for throwing theirwaste."

我去弗林特沒覺得不適應(yīng)，因?yàn)楣I(yè)污染、被細(xì)菌污染的水，對我來說再熟悉不過了，因?yàn)槲页砷L的家鄉(xiāng)也是如此——賓夕法尼亞布拉多克，在那里，我和我母親一起對抗癌癥和自身免疫性疾病，例如狼瘡。我們 14 年的合作成果《家庭觀》，是建立在我們的掙扎之上，我們努力求生存，對抗環(huán)境種族主義、醫(yī)療保健不平等，以及那些對美國鋼鐵公司化學(xué)物質(zhì)排放管制的松懈。讓布拉多克小鎮(zhèn)有著整個(gè)國家最高的哮喘和嬰兒死亡率。從莫農(nóng)加希拉河到弗林特河，用杜波依斯（W.E.B. Du Bois）的話來說, “這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，整個(gè)峽谷，已經(jīng)背棄了這條河流，把它當(dāng)作了下水道，排水溝，成為了一個(gè)丟垃圾的地方。”

03:11

General Motors has been cited for dumpingchemicals in the Flint River for decades. When my photo essay "Flint isFamily" came out in August of 2016, it was released to remind America thatalthough Flint was no longer headline news, the water crisis was far from over.And, of course, I knew it was going to take more than a series of photographson my part to bring relief to the people in Vehicle City. Shea and I bondedover our mothers and grandmothers. Amber and I bonded over our battles withlupus. Together, we decided to remain in each other's life and continue ourcreative efforts.

數(shù)十年來，通用汽車都因?yàn)樵诟チ痔睾觾A倒化學(xué)藥品而被傳訊。當(dāng)我的專題攝影《弗林特是家》在 2016 年 8 月發(fā)行時(shí)，它的目的是為了提醒美國盡管弗林特不再是新聞?lì)^條，水資源危機(jī)卻還是沒有結(jié)束。當(dāng)然，我知道，光是在我這里推出一個(gè)攝影合集，還不足以給這座汽車城的人們帶來慰藉。謝伊和我是因?yàn)槲覀兊哪赣H和祖母而產(chǎn)生的連結(jié)，而安珀和我是因共同對抗狼瘡建立了友誼。我們一起決定留在彼此的生活中，并繼續(xù)我們具有創(chuàng)造性的努力。

03:57

In 2017, Shea and Amber cofounded artistcollective The Sister Tour, whose mission is to provide a safe space for Flintartists. One year later, I mounted my solo exhibition, "Flint isFamily," here in New York City at Gavin Brown's Enterprise on West 127thStreet. As the audience approaches the facade of the building, they see a30-foot billboard. The 30-foot billboard is made of three large color negativeswith the message "Water Is Life," spelled out in Nestle water bottlesby The Sister Tour. Nestle, the largest water-bottling company in the world,pumps 400 gallons of water per minute out of aquifers in Lake Michigan, nearlyfree of charge. The company also extracts millions of liters of water fromFirst Nation reservations, while they have no access to clean water at all.

在 2017 年，謝伊和安珀共同創(chuàng)辦了藝術(shù)家集團(tuán)“姐妹之旅（The Sister Tour）”，旨在為弗林特藝術(shù)家們提供安全的空間。一年后，我在紐約西 127 街上的加文布朗畫廊中，籌備了個(gè)人展《弗林特是家》。當(dāng)觀眾走近建筑立面時(shí)，他們會(huì)看到一個(gè) 30 英尺的廣告牌，由三個(gè)大型彩色底片組成的，廣告牌上有著由“姐妹之旅”用雀巢水瓶拼寫出的“水是生命”的信息。雀巢，世界上最大的瓶裝水公司，從密歇根湖的蓄水層每分鐘抽取 400 加侖的水，幾乎不用花錢。雀巢也從原住民保留區(qū)內(nèi)抽取上百萬升的水，盡管他們已經(jīng)無法獲取干凈的水資源。

04:59

This is a fundraiser print that I used toraise money to send The Sister Tour to different venues to educate people onthe ongoing crisis. I also continued to keep it in the public eye by producingcountdown flags that were raised on institutions across the country. This pastJune, Amber emailed me with the news that Michigan's attorney general droppedall criminal charges in the Flint Water Crisis investigation, where eight stateand city employees were facing charges as serious as manslaughter.

這是我曾經(jīng)用來籌集資金的活動(dòng)圖片，資金用于把“姐妹之旅”送往各地來教育人們關(guān)注這個(gè)不斷發(fā)酵的危機(jī)。我也通過在國家各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)前掛起倒計(jì)時(shí)旗幟，將這事持續(xù)曝光在公眾眼中。在剛過去的 6 月，安珀寫郵件告訴我一個(gè)新聞，消息稱，密歇根總檢察長在弗林特水危機(jī)的調(diào)查中放棄了所有刑事指控。在這調(diào)查中有 8 名州和市的政府雇員本應(yīng)面臨著嚴(yán)重到過失殺人罪同等的指控。

05:35

I could no longer idly stand by and waitfor the government to do its job. Justice has been delayed, and justice hasbeen denied. It's been five years, and we're still waiting on justice for themen, women and children in Flint. I asked Amber, "What can I do?" Shetold me about a man named Moses West that she met in Puerto Rico, who inventeda 26,000-pound atmospheric water generator. Amber took Moses to electedofficials in the city of Flint. None of them seemed interested in bringing themachine for relief to Flint at all. Amber needed to get the machine from amilitary base in Texas all the way to Flint. Nobody in Flint had that kind ofmoney lying around. And it was at that point that I decided to take theproceeds from my solo exhibition "Flint is Family," along with thegenerous match grant from the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, and sent it toMoses West.

我無法再袖手旁觀，等待政府去盡責(zé)了。公正已經(jīng)被拖延，而且，公正已經(jīng)被否認(rèn)。已經(jīng) 5 年了，然而我們依舊在等待弗林特的男人、女人和孩子們獲得公正。我曾問安珀，“我能做什么？”她告訴我，她在波多黎各遇到一個(gè)名叫摩西·夭斯特的男人，在大氣水生成器的項(xiàng)目上投資了 2.6 萬英鎊。她帶著摩西找到了弗林特當(dāng)?shù)氐墓毴藛T。他們沒有一個(gè)人對引進(jìn)這樣的機(jī)器從而解決危機(jī)感興趣。安珀需要從德州的軍事基地弄來這臺(tái)機(jī)器，一路帶到弗林特。在弗林特，沒人有足夠的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力為此支付。于是在那時(shí)，我決定把我從個(gè)人展《弗林特是家》得到的收益，和來自羅伯特·勞森伯格基金會(huì)慷慨提供的比賽獎(jiǎng)金一起交給了摩西·夭斯特。

06:52

This past July, Moses West and hisatmospheric water generator arrived to Flint, Michigan, on North Saginawbetween Marengo and Pulaski, and is actually still there right now, operating.This community that sits three miles from downtown has been stripped of itsschools, access to healthy grocery stores and clean water. Socially, it'sviewed as a violent, poor community. But I see something completely different.

在剛過去的 7 月，摩西·夭斯特和他的大氣水發(fā)生器到達(dá)了密歇根弗林特市，被安置在馬倫戈和普拉斯基之間的北薩吉諾，這臺(tái)機(jī)器現(xiàn)在依舊在那運(yùn)作著。這個(gè)距離市區(qū) 3 公里的社區(qū)已經(jīng)關(guān)閉了學(xué)校、沒有健康的雜貨店，也沒有干凈的水。在社會(huì)上，它被視為暴力且貧窮的社區(qū)。但是我看見的景象卻完全不同。

07:27

Moses, an officer, Ranger, veteran, wasvery clear about his water rescue mission: Bring relief of free, clean water tothe people in Flint. Teach them how to use the machine, teach them how to takecare of it, and most importantly, take ownership of the machine. Tell everybodyacross the city to bring all their containers and come and take as much wateras they can stock up on, especially before the winter season hits; the machinedoesn't extract moisture in freezing temperatures. This technology pulls airthrough a high-volume air filter. It mechanically creates condensation, whichproduces 2,000 gallons of water per day. Residents are free to walk up to themachine anywhere between 9am and 8pm daily and take as much as they want,alleviating them from standing in long lines for bottled water.

摩西是一位軍官、突擊隊(duì)員，和退伍軍人，對自己拯救水資源的使命非常清晰：給弗林特的人民帶來免費(fèi)、干凈的水。教會(huì)他們?nèi)绾问褂脵C(jī)器，教會(huì)他們?nèi)绾尉S護(hù)機(jī)器，還有最重要的是，主動(dòng)為機(jī)器承擔(dān)所有者的責(zé)任。告訴市里每一個(gè)人帶上他們的容器來這里灌水，盡可能裝滿他們的容器，特別是在冬天來臨之前。這臺(tái)機(jī)器不會(huì)在冰凍的氣溫下抽取水分。它的技術(shù)核心是將空氣壓入大容量空氣過濾器，水氣自動(dòng)冷凝，每天產(chǎn)生 2 千加侖的水。居民可以在每天早上 9 點(diǎn)到晚上 8 點(diǎn)前來使用機(jī)器，并且隨意取水，而免于為領(lǐng)取瓶裝水大排長龍。

08:34

I've been at the machine, interviewingpeople, asking them, "What does it mean to see Moses and his machine in[your] community?" And, "What has it been like living without accessto clean water?" Alita told me, "It's a miracle that God gave Mosesthe knowledge and technology to provide us with pure drinking water." Shealso told me that prior to the machine coming, she had severe headaches, andthe water made her so sick to her stomach, she couldn't eat. Tina told me thatthe lead-contaminated water made her hair fall out. Usually, she's weak andvery light-headed. Since using the machine, she's had energy and strength.David, he was overwhelmed with joy that someone from Texas cared. When hetasted the water, he thought to himself, "Now, this is the way Godintended water to be." He brings three seven-gallon containers to refillto use at his barbecue stand.

我去到機(jī)器那里，采訪人們，問他們，“摩西和他的機(jī)器的到來，對你意味著什么？”以及“沒有干凈水源的生活是怎么樣的？”艾麗塔告訴我，“這簡直是一個(gè)奇跡，上帝把摩西的知識(shí)和技術(shù)帶給我們，給我們帶來了可以喝的純凈水?！彼哺嬖V我，在那臺(tái)機(jī)器出現(xiàn)之前她有很嚴(yán)重的頭疼，那些污染的水，使她的病痛從頭擴(kuò)散到了胃，她無法進(jìn)食。蒂娜告訴我，鉛污染的水讓她脫發(fā)。她很虛弱，經(jīng)常感到頭暈?zāi)垦?。但是自從開始用那臺(tái)機(jī)器后，她的體質(zhì)和氣色都有了明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。大衛(wèi)實(shí)在太高興德州會(huì)有人在意這件事。當(dāng)他嘗到機(jī)器供給的水時(shí)，他想：“這是神創(chuàng)造的水該有的樣子?！彼麕е?3 個(gè)曾經(jīng)用于他燒烤小攤的 7 加侖容器來灌水。

09:45

Through creativity and solidarity, AmberHasan, Shea Cobb, Tuklor Senegal, The Sister Tour, myself, the people of Flint,Dexter Moon, Moses West and his atmospheric water generator have been able toprovide 120,000 gallons of free, clean water.

通過創(chuàng)意和團(tuán)結(jié)，安珀·哈桑，謝伊·科布，圖克洛·塞內(nèi)加，姐妹之旅，我，弗林特的人們，德克斯特·莫，摩西·夭斯特和他的空氣制水機(jī)已為人們帶來了 12 萬加侖免費(fèi)、干凈的水。

10:10

(Applause)

（掌聲）

10:17

The people in Flint deserve access to cleanwater. Water is life. It is the spirit that binds us from sickness, death anddestruction. Imagine how many millions of lives we could save if Moses'smachine were in places like Newark, New Jersey, South Africa and India, withcompassion instead of profit motives.

弗林特的人們值得擁有干凈的水。水是生命。是一種精神，從疾病、死亡和毀滅中連系你我的精神。想象一下我們能拯救多少人的生命？如果摩西的機(jī)器能夠在紐瓦克、新澤西州、南非，和印度出現(xiàn)，而且是出于憐憫，而非利潤驅(qū)動(dòng)。

10:45

I loaded my camera, I locked my focus, andI placed my finger over the shutter release, as Shea and Zion went to taketheir first sip of clean water. When the shutter released, I was overcome witha deep sense of joy and righteousness. When I sent Shea some of thephotographs, she wrote, "Thank you again for the light that you bring tomy city." I immediately replied, "The light was already there withinyou."

我裝載好相機(jī)，我鎖定聚焦點(diǎn)，把手指放在釋放快門的地方，當(dāng)謝伊和錫安第一次去嘗試喝那干凈的水的剎那，我按下了快門。我被深刻的喜悅和正義感所征服。當(dāng)我把一些照片寄給謝伊后，她寫道，“再次謝謝你，感謝你為我的城市帶來光明?！蔽荫R上回復(fù)道，“光明已經(jīng)屬于你們。”

11:21

It's been four years since I've beenphotographing in Flint, and finally, I've been able to render a poetic justice.No matter how dark a situation may be, a camera can extract the light and turna negative into a positive.

我裝載好相機(jī)，我鎖定聚焦點(diǎn)，把手指放在釋放快門的地方，當(dāng)謝伊和錫安第一次去嘗試喝那干凈的水的剎那，我按下了快門。我被深刻的喜悅和正義感所征服。當(dāng)我把一些照片寄給謝伊后，她寫道，“再次謝謝你，感謝你為我的城市帶來光明?！蔽荫R上回復(fù)道，“光明已經(jīng)屬于你們?！?/p>

11:42

Thank you.

謝謝。

11:43

(Applause)

（掌聲）