劉文勇GRE寫作Argument題庫 Day 62

Day 62 In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals

The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.

“In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system.”

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

五問：

（1）“Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system”是結論，其余部分是事實，值得反駁嗎？同學們在讀題干時應該注意到，本文是由一個大型醫(yī)療集團的董事（而非某一家醫(yī)院的主管）記錄的一個 memo，因此，我們可以知道，最終得出的結論是針對集團旗下所有的醫(yī)院而非某一家特定的醫(yī)院。

（2）是否有可能 UltraClean殺死的細菌只是比較弱的細菌，而不是能夠導致患者感染的細菌？

（3）實驗室的情形能夠完全照搬到現(xiàn)實當中嗎？你能否說說有哪些情形可能會影響實驗室的研究結果？例如：實驗效果可能會受到現(xiàn)實環(huán)境中的溫度、其他化學或物理因素的影響，從而導致效果減弱或無效。

（4）一家醫(yī)院的情形能夠輕易地推廣到所有的醫(yī)院嗎？醫(yī)院和醫(yī)院之間可能有哪些不同？你能具體地羅列一兩個要素嗎？例如：醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療設備、經(jīng)費預算和病患的康復環(huán)境等。

（5）在沒給出基數(shù)的前提下討論 fewer cases有參考意義嗎？例如：使用該洗手液之前 100個病人中有 10個病人感染，而使用之后 50個病人中有 8個病人感染，能說該洗手液的效果更好嗎？另外，感染的病人減少一定是因為啟用了新型的洗手液嗎？是否可能有其他因素影響了這個結果？你能羅列一兩個嗎？例如：醫(yī)院加強了對環(huán)境消毒滅菌的監(jiān)督管理，加強了對感染源的監(jiān)測。