VOA慢速英語：修正尸檢：黑人因鎮(zhèn)靜拘束而死亡

Amended Autopsy: Black Man Died Due to Sedative, Restraint
修正尸檢：黑人因鎮(zhèn)靜拘束而死亡
DENVER —
丹佛—
A Black man died after a police encounter in a Denver suburb in 2019 because he was injected with a powerful sedative after being forcibly restrained, according to an amended autopsy report publicly released Friday.
根據(jù)周五公開發(fā)布的經(jīng)修訂的尸檢報告，一名黑人男子于 2019 年在丹佛郊區(qū)與警察相遇后死亡，原因是他在被強(qiáng)行束縛后被注射了強(qiáng)效鎮(zhèn)靜劑。
 
Despite the finding, the death of Elijah McClain, a 23-year-old massage therapist, was still listed as undetermined, not a homicide, the report shows. McClain was put in a neck hold and injected with ketamine after being stopped by police in Aurora for “being suspicious.” He was unarmed.
報告顯示，盡管有這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，但 23 歲的按摩治療師 Elijah McClain 的死亡仍被列為未定案，而不是兇殺案。麥克萊恩在奧羅拉（Aurora）因“可疑”而被警察攔下后，被勒住脖子并注射了氯胺酮。他手無寸鐵。
 
The original autopsy report that was written soon after his death in August 2019 did not reach a conclusion about how he died or what type of death it was, such as if it was natural, accidental or a homicide. That was a major reason why prosecutors initially decided not to pursue charges.
在他于 2019 年 8 月去世后不久撰寫的原始尸檢報告并沒有得出關(guān)于他是如何死亡或死亡類型（例如是自然死亡、意外死亡還是他殺）的結(jié)論。這是檢察官最初決定不起訴的主要原因。
 
But a state grand jury last year indicted three officers and two paramedics on manslaughter and reckless homicide charges in McClain’s death after the case drew renewed attention following the killing of George Floyd in 2020. It became a rallying cry during the national reckoning over racism and police brutality.
但是，在 2020 年喬治·弗洛伊德（George Floyd）被殺后，該案再次引起人們的關(guān)注，因此州大陪審團(tuán)去年以過失殺人罪和魯莽殺人罪起訴了三名警官和兩名護(hù)理人員。
 
The five accused have not yet entered pleas and their lawyers have not commented publicly on the charges.
五名被告尚未認(rèn)罪，他們的律師也沒有公開評論這些指控。
 
In the updated report, completed in July 2021, Dr. Stephen Cina, a pathologist, concluded that the ketamine dosage given to McClain, which was higher than recommended for someone his size, “was too much for this individual and it resulted in an overdose, even though his blood ketamine level was consistent with a ‘therapeutic’ blood concentration.”
在 2021 年 7 月完成的更新報告中，病理學(xué)家 Stephen Cina 博士得出結(jié)論認(rèn)為，給予麥克萊恩的氯胺酮劑量高于他體型的推薦劑量，“對這個人來說太多了，導(dǎo)致服用過量，盡管他的血液氯胺酮水平與‘治療性’血液濃度一致。”
 
He said he could not rule out that changes in McClain’s blood chemistry, like an increase in lactic acid, due to his exertion while being restrained by police contributed to his death but concluded there was no evidence that injuries inflicted by police caused his death.
他說他不能排除麥克萊恩血液化學(xué)的變化，例如乳酸的增加，這是由于他的在被警察約束期間的勞累導(dǎo)致了他的死亡，但得出的結(jié)論是，沒有證據(jù)表明警察造成的傷害導(dǎo)致他死亡。
 
“I believe that Mr. McClain would most likely be alive but for the administration of ketamine,” said Cina, who noted that body camera footage shows McClain becoming “extremely
“我相信麥克萊恩先生很可能還活著，如果不是因?yàn)樾姓?dāng)局氯胺酮，”Cina 說，他指出身體攝像機(jī)鏡頭顯示麥克萊恩變得“非常
 
Cina acknowledged that other reasonable pathologists with different experience and training may have labeled such a death, while in police custody, as a homicide or accident, but that he believes the appropriate classification is undetermined.
Cina 承認(rèn)，其他具有不同經(jīng)驗(yàn)和訓(xùn)練的合理病理學(xué)家可能會將這種死亡在警方拘留期間標(biāo)記為兇殺或事故，但他認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)姆诸惿形创_定。
 
Qusair Mohamedbhai, attorney for McClain’s mother, Sheneen McClain, declined a request for comment.
Qusair Mohamedbhai，麥克萊恩母親的律師謝寧麥克萊恩拒絕置評。
 
Dr. Carl Wigren, a forensic pathologist in Washington state, questioned the report’s focus on ketamine, saying all the available evidence — including a highly critical independent review of McClain’s death commissioned by Aurora last year — point to McClain dying as a result of compressional asphyxia, a type of suffocation, from officers putting pressure on his body while restraining him. He was struck by one passage in the city’s review citing the ambulance company’s report that its crew found McClain lying on the ground on his stomach, his arms handcuffed behind his back, his torso and legs held down, with at least three officers on top of him.
華盛頓州的法醫(yī)病理學(xué)家 Carl Wigren 博士質(zhì)疑該報告對氯胺酮的關(guān)注，稱所有可用的證據(jù)——包括去年 Aurora 委托對麥克萊恩死亡的高度批判性獨(dú)立審查——都表明麥克萊恩死于壓迫性窒息，一種窒息，警察在約束他的同時對他的身體施加壓力。他被該市評論中的一段話打動，該報告援引救護(hù)車公司的報告稱，其工作人員發(fā)現(xiàn)麥克萊恩趴在地上，雙手被銬在背后，軀干和雙腿被壓下，至少有三名警官壓在他的身上。
 
That scene was not captured on body camera footage, the report said, but much of what happened between police was not because the officers’ cameras came off soon after McClain was approached. The cameras did continue to record where they fell and captured people talking.
報告說，那一幕沒有被隨身攝像機(jī)拍下來，但警察之間發(fā)生的大部分事情并不是因?yàn)榫斓臄z像機(jī)在接近麥克萊恩后不久就關(guān)閉了。攝像機(jī)確實(shí)繼續(xù)記錄他們跌倒的位置并捕捉到人們的談話。
 
Just because McClain, who said he couldn’t breathe, could be heard making some statements on the footage, does not mean he was able to fully breathe, Wigren said. Ketamine, which slows breathing, could have just exacerbated McClain’s condition, but Wigren does not think it caused his death.
僅僅因?yàn)榭梢月牭禁溈巳R恩（他說他無法呼吸）在鏡頭上發(fā)表一些聲明，但這并不意味著他能夠充分呼吸，Wigren 說。會減慢呼吸的氯胺酮可能只會加劇麥克萊恩的病情，但威格倫認(rèn)為這不會導(dǎo)致他的死亡。
 
However, another pathologist, Dr. Deborah G. Johnson of Colorado, said McClain’s quick reaction to ketamine suggests that it was a cause of McClain’s death, but she said its use cannot be separated from the impact that the police restraint may have had. McClain may have had trouble breathing because of the restraint and having less oxygen in your system would make the sedative take effect more quickly, she said.
然而，另一位病理學(xué)家，科羅拉多州的黛博拉·約翰遜博士說，麥克萊恩對氯胺酮的快速反應(yīng)表明它是麥克萊恩死亡的一個原因，但她說它的使用與警方克制可能產(chǎn)生的影響是分不開的。她說，麥克萊恩可能因?yàn)榭酥贫粑щy，并且系統(tǒng)中的氧氣減少會使鎮(zhèn)靜劑更快起效。
 
Both thought the death could have been labeled as a homicide — a death caused by the actions of other people — which they pointed out is a separate judgment from deciding whether someone should be prosecuted with a crime for causing it.
兩人都認(rèn)為這起死亡事件可能被貼上了兇殺的標(biāo)簽——由其他人的行為造成的死亡——他們指出，這與決定某人是否應(yīng)該因造成該罪行而受到起訴是一個獨(dú)立的判斷。
 
McClain got an overdose of ketamine, Johnson said, noting that the paramedics were working at night when it is hard to judge someone’s weight.
麥克萊恩服用了過量的氯胺酮，約翰遜說，并指出醫(yī)護(hù)人員在晚上工作時很難判斷一個人的體重。
 
“Was that a mistake to send someone to prison for? I don’t think so,” she said.
“將某人送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄是一個錯誤嗎？我不這么認(rèn)為，”她說。
 
The updated autopsy was released Friday under a court order in a lawsuit brought by Colorado Public Radio, joined by other media organizations including The Associated Press. Colorado Public Radio sued the coroner to release the report after learning it had been updated, arguing that it should be made available under the state’s public records law.
在科羅拉多公共廣播電臺提起的訴訟中，更新的尸檢已于周五發(fā)布，包括美聯(lián)社在內(nèi)的其他媒體組織也加入了訴訟?？屏_拉多公共廣播電臺在得知報告已更新后起訴驗(yàn)尸官發(fā)布該報告，稱該報告應(yīng)根據(jù)該州的公共記錄法提供。
 
Coroner Monica Broncucia-Jordan said she could not release it because it contained confidential grand jury information and that releasing it would violate the oath she made not to share it when she obtained it last year.
驗(yàn)尸官 Monica Broncucia-Jordan 表示，她無法發(fā)布它，因?yàn)樗瑱C(jī)密的大陪審團(tuán)信息，并且發(fā)布它違反了她去年獲得它時做出的不分享的誓言。
 
But Adams County District Judge Kyle Seedorf ordered the coroner to release the updated report by Friday, and a Denver judge who oversees state grand jury proceedings, Christopher Baumann, ruled Thursday that grand jury information did not have be redacted from the updated report.
但是亞當(dāng)斯縣地區(qū)法官凱爾·西多夫下令驗(yàn)尸官在周五之前發(fā)布更新的報告，負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督州大陪審團(tuán)程序的丹佛法官克里斯托弗·鮑曼周四裁定，大陪審團(tuán)的信息沒有從更新的報告中刪除。
 
Cina noted that the report was updated based on extensive body camera footage, witness statements and records that he did not have at the time of the original autopsy report, which were not made available to the coroner’s office at all or in their entirety before. Last year, Cina and Broncucia-Jordan received some material that was made available to the grand jury last year, according to court documents, but they did not say what exactly that material was.
Cina 指出，該報告是根據(jù)大量的人體攝像機(jī)鏡頭、證人陳述和記錄進(jìn)行更新的，而這些記錄在最初的尸檢報告時并沒有，而這些資料以前根本沒有或全部提供給驗(yàn)尸官辦公室。根據(jù)法庭文件，去年，Cina 和 Broncucia-Jordan 收到了一些去年提供給大陪審團(tuán)的材料，但他們沒有說明這些材料到底是什么。
 
McClain’s death fueled renewed scrutiny about the use of the ketamine and led Colorado’s health department to issue a new rule limiting when emergency workers can use it.
麥克萊恩的死引發(fā)了對氯胺酮使用的重新審查，并導(dǎo)致科羅拉多州衛(wèi)生部門發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)新規(guī)則，限制急救人員何時可以使用它。
 
Last year, the city of Aurora agreed to pay $15 million to settle a lawsuit brought by McClain’s parents. The lawsuit alleged the force officers used against McClain and his struggle to survive it dramatically increased the amount of lactic acid in his system, leading to his death, possibly along with the large dose of ketamine he was given.
去年，奧羅拉市同意支付 1500 萬美元解決麥克萊恩父母提起的訴訟。該訴訟稱，對麥克萊恩使用的警力以及他為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭大大增加了他系統(tǒng)中的乳酸量，導(dǎo)致他死亡，可能與他服用的大劑量氯胺酮一起死亡。
 
The outside investigation commissioned by the city faulted the police probe into McClain’s arrest for not pressing for answers about how officers treated him. It found there was no evidence justifying officers’ decision to stop McClain, who had been reported as suspicious because he was wearing a ski mask as he walked down the street waving his hands. He was not accused of breaking any law.
該市委托進(jìn)行的外部調(diào)查指責(zé)警方對麥克萊恩被捕的調(diào)查沒有要求警察如何對待他的答案。它發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有證據(jù)證明警察決定阻止麥克萊恩的決定是合理的，麥克萊恩被報道為可疑，因?yàn)樗诮稚蠐]手時戴著滑雪面罩。他沒有被指控違反任何法律。
 
Police reform activist Candice Bailey had mixed emotions about seeing the amended autopsy.
警察改革活動人士坎迪斯·貝利對看到修改后的尸檢感到復(fù)雜。
 
“I do believe that it does get us a step closer to anything that is a semblance of justice,” said Bailey, an activist in the city of Aurora who has led demonstrations over the death of McClain.
“我確實(shí)相信它確實(shí)讓我們更接近任何表面上的正義，”貝利說，他是奧羅拉市的一名活動家，曾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過麥克萊恩之死的示威活動。
 
But Bailey added that she is “extremely saddened that there is still a controversy around whether or not the EMTs and officers should be held responsible for what they did, and as to whether or not this was actually murder.”
但貝利補(bǔ)充說，她“非常難過的是，關(guān)于 EMT 和官員是否應(yīng)該為他們的所作所為負(fù)責(zé)，以及這是否真的是謀殺，仍然存在爭議。”