2022年11月12日 VOA慢速英語：氣候變化威脅受保護的西班牙濕地

 

In southwestern Spain, close to the Atlantic Ocean, the Doñana National Park is known as the nation's "crown jewel."
位于西班牙西南部，靠近大西洋，多納納國家公園被稱為國家的“皇冠上的明珠”。
 
It is a protected wetlands area home to many animals, including birds such as flamingos and herons.
它是受保護的濕地是許多動物的棲息地，包括火烈鳥和蒼鷺等鳥類。
 
Now, after a summer of record-high temperatures and little rain, the wetlands are dry, brown and smelly.
現(xiàn)在，在經(jīng)歷了創(chuàng)紀錄的高溫和少雨的夏季后，濕地變得干燥、呈褐色和發(fā)臭。
Most fish and birds are gone, as well.
大多數(shù)魚和鳥也不見了。
 
Bodies of water called lagoons are at the heart of the park. Most dry up and refill throughout the year. Santa Olalla is the park's biggest lagoon. It traditionally has water year round. In the summer, it provides water to needy plants and animals.
稱為瀉湖的水體位于公園的中心。大多數(shù)干涸并在一年中重新填充。圣奧拉拉是公園最大的瀉湖。它傳統(tǒng)上全年都有水。在夏天，它為有需要的動植物提供水源。
 
But this year, Santa Olalla dried up.
但今年，圣奧拉拉干涸了。
 
Carmen Diaz is a biologist who studies the park. She showed a reporter from the Associated Press around and stepped into a muddy area with a little bit of water.
卡門迪亞茲是研究公園的生物學家。她帶著美聯(lián)社記者四處走走，踩著一點水走進了一片泥濘的地方。
 
"Seeing this last bit of water makes me think that the entire park is dry," she said.
“看到這最后一點水，我覺得整個公園都干了，”她說.
 
The park has been home to hundreds of thousands of birds that visit for the winter. Many others use it as a stopping place during migration from Africa to northern Europe. Five kinds of threatened birds, including the Spanish imperial eagle, live in Doñana. There is also a breeding and rescue center there for the endangered Iberian lynx, an endangered kind of wild cat.
公園是數(shù)十萬只候鳥過冬的家園。許多其他人將其用作從非洲遷移到北歐的停留地。包括西班牙帝鷹在內(nèi)的五種瀕危鳥類生活在多納納
 
Diaz is a government researcher with the Spanish National Research Council. She said the time to save the park was 20 years ago, but, in her words "nothing was done."
迪亞茲是西班牙國家研究委員會的政府研究員。她說拯救公園的時間是 20 年前，但用她的話說“什么都沒做”。
"The environment always loses against the economy," she said.
她說：“環(huán)境總是輸給經(jīng)濟。”
 
The park is where the Guadalqivir River meets the ocean. The area was once along an important shipping route for Spanish explorers who sent silver back from the colonies in central and South America. Because of the plant and animal life, scientists and conservationists have studied the area for many years.
公園是瓜達爾基維爾河與海洋的交匯處。該地區(qū)曾經(jīng)是西班牙探險家的重要航運路線，他們將白銀從中美洲和南美洲的殖民地運回。由于植物和動物的存在，科學家和環(huán)保人士對該地區(qū)進行了多年研究。
 
Carlos Davila is among them. His research centers on the imperial eagle. He said 2022 was a "disastrous year" for the birds. Only two babies were born from a group of eight mating pairs.
卡洛斯達維拉就是其中之一。他的研究以帝鷹為中心。他說 2022 年對鳥類來說是“災難性的一年”。八對配對中只有兩個嬰兒出生。
 
When rain comes, the area comes back to life. However, city development along the Atlantic coast and farms in other areas are putting pressure on the wetlands. Conservationists protest about the nearby city of Matalascañas, for example. Once a quiet fishing village, the town now is a popular center for beach vacations.
下雨時，該地區(qū)恢復生機。然而，大西洋沿岸的城市發(fā)展和其他地區(qū)的農(nóng)場正在給濕地帶來壓力。例如，環(huán)保主義者抗議附近的馬塔拉斯卡尼亞斯市。這個小鎮(zhèn)曾經(jīng)是一個安靜的漁村，現(xiàn)在是一個受歡迎的海灘度假中心。
 
But scientists and environmentalists say that the town requires too much water from Doñana. And, the European Court of Justice ruled that the city is making some of the park's lagoons go dry.
但是科學家和環(huán)保主義者說這個小鎮(zhèn)需要太多來自多尼亞納的水。而且，歐洲法院裁定該市正在使公園的一些瀉湖干涸。
 
Farther away, in the area called Huelva, traditional Spanish olive crops have been replaced by berry farms. The berries bring in more money than olives, but they require more water to grow. The World Wildlife Fund says there are thousands of wells in the area taking ground water without permission. This means the water never makes it into the wetlands.
在更遠的地方，在韋爾瓦 (Huelva) 地區(qū)，傳統(tǒng)的西班牙橄欖作物已被漿果農(nóng)場所取代。漿果比橄欖帶來更多的收入，但它們需要更多的水才能生長。世界野生動物基金會表示，該地區(qū)有數(shù)千口井未經(jīng)許可抽取地下水。這意味著水永遠不會進入濕地。
 
Felipe Fuentelsaz is an agriculture expert with the World Wildlife Fund in Spain. He says Doñana National Park has a big problem from the severely dry weather. But he said the park is also suffering from poor supervision. That permitted the building of illegal wells and other activity to redirect water resources.
Felipe Fuentelsaz 是西班牙世界野生動物基金會的農(nóng)業(yè)專家。他說，多尼亞納國家公園的嚴重干燥天氣是個大問題。但他表示，公園也存在監(jiān)管不力的問題。這允許建造非法水井和其他活動以重新利用水資源。
 
While the government is working to close some of the wells, farmers are pushing back. They say they have always had the right to use water in the area and they are only taking what is theirs.
雖然政府正在努力關閉一些水井，但農(nóng)民們卻在反擊。他們說他們一直有權使用該地區(qū)的水，而且他們只使用他們的水。
 
Spain's government is considering projects that would send some water from rivers in other parts of the country to help bring life back to Doñana.
西班牙政府正在考慮將一些項目從該國其他地區(qū)的河流中輸送到幫助 Doñana 重獲新生。