2022年12月05日 VOA慢速英語：摩洛哥擴(kuò)大在淡水方面的努力，但需要更多能源

 

People in Agadir, Morocco, see their new desalination plant as a way to deal with years of too little rain. Dry winters have led to reduced water supplies for homes and agriculture. But plans to expand the country's desalination program may depend on efforts to power it with forms of renewable energy.
摩洛哥阿加迪爾的人們將他們的新海水淡化廠視為應(yīng)對多年降雨過少的一種方式。干燥的冬季導(dǎo)致家庭和農(nóng)業(yè)供水減少。但擴(kuò)大該國海水淡化計(jì)劃的計(jì)劃可能取決于以可再生能源形式為其提供動力的努力。
 
Water problems
水問題
 
Smaller desalination plants have been operating in Morocco for years. But, the one that started working in Agadir this summer is by far the biggest. It is also the first plant of its kind meant to deal with reduced rainfall.
小型海水淡化廠已在摩洛哥運(yùn)營多年。但是，今年夏天開始在阿加迪爾工作的是迄今為止最大的一家。它也是第一種旨在應(yīng)對降雨量減少的同類植物。
 
Rachid Boukhenfer is a local official. He said, "…without desalination Agadir could not have found enough water to drink and we would have had longer, worse cuts in supply."
Rachid Boukhenfer 是當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T。他說：“……如果沒有海水淡化，阿加迪爾就無法找到足夠的水來飲用，而且我們的供應(yīng)中斷時間會更長，情況更糟。”
 
That early statement about the plant's effectiveness comes as the government plans 12 additional desalination plants. It is part of an expected investment in $12 billion in water projects from 2020 to 2027.
關(guān)于該工廠有效性的早期聲明是在政府計(jì)劃 12額外的海水淡化廠。這是 2020 年至 2027 年 120 億美元水利項(xiàng)目預(yù)期投資的一部分。
 
The new plants will join nine smaller ones already operating. The new ones are supposed to open by 2035, the state water and electricity utility ONEE said in an email.
新工廠將加入九個已經(jīng)運(yùn)營的較小的工廠。國家水電公用事業(yè)公司 ONEE 在一封電子郵件中表示，新水庫預(yù)計(jì)將于 2035 年開放。
 
Morocco now depends on surface and underground water for nearly all its freshwater use. Most of it comes from a group of 149 dams.
摩洛哥現(xiàn)在幾乎所有的淡水使用都依賴于地表水和地下水。其中大部分來自一組 149 座水壩。
 
Five years of very little rain, or drought, have left many of the water supplies reduced. Agriculture Minister Mohammed Sadiki recently told parliament most water would be taken from irrigation to supply drinking water.
五年少雨或干旱導(dǎo)致許多供水量減少。農(nóng)業(yè)部長穆罕默德·薩迪基 (Mohammed Sadiki) 最近告訴議會，大部分水將從灌溉中抽取以供應(yīng)飲用水。
 
 
Rainfall is often the biggest issue affecting Moroccan economic growth rates. This year, the cereals harvest was two-thirds smaller than in 2021 and milk output down by 30 percent from the year before.
降雨往往是影響摩洛哥經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率的最大問題。今年，谷物收成比 2021 年減少了三分之二，牛奶產(chǎn)量比前一年下降了 30%。
 
"I'm not even sure I will sow wheat this year because the rainfall has been so late," said Zakaria Khatabi, a farmer in Zhiliga, north of Rabat.
“我什至不確定今年是否會播種小麥，因?yàn)榻涤昀吞乇辈?Zhiliga 的一位農(nóng)民 Zakaria Khatabi 說。 ONEE 表示，到 2035 年，將對地表水和地下水的依賴度從 97% 降低到 80%。
 
Renewable energy is an issue
可再生能源是一個問題
 
The 12 new desalination plants planned or under way should reduce dependence on surface and groundwater from 97 percent to 80 percent by 2035, ONEE said.
ONEE 表示，到 2035 年，計(jì)劃或在建的 12 座新海水淡化廠應(yīng)能將對地表水和地下水的依賴度從 97% 降低到 80%。
 
Building on the most important plant is to start next year. It will supply Morocco's biggest city Casablanca. The plant could start operations in 2026.
建設(shè)最重要的工廠是明年開工。它將供應(yīng)摩洛哥最大的城市卡薩布蘭卡。該工廠可能會在 2026 年開始運(yùn)營。
 
However, Morocco depends on imported fuels, such as oil and gas, for most of its power production. Costs for those fuels have added to the country's trade deficit.
然而，摩洛哥的大部分電力生產(chǎn)依賴于進(jìn)口燃料，例如石油和天然氣。這些燃料的成本增加了該國的貿(mào)易逆差。
 
Energy represents 45 percent of the total cost of desalination, ONEE head Abderrahim El Hafidi said.
能源占海水淡化總成本的 45%，ONEE 負(fù)責(zé)人 Abderrahim El Hafidi 說。
 
Morocco wants to increase renewables as a share of its total power output to 52 percent by 2030 from 20 percent now. The goal is to reduce dependence on imports and lower electricity costs.
摩洛哥希望增加到 2030 年，可再生能源占總發(fā)電量的比例將從現(xiàn)在的 20% 提高到 52%。目標(biāo)是減少對進(jìn)口的依賴并降低電力成本。
 
All the new desalination plants, including Agadir, were meant to be powered by renewable energy. But, the Agadir plant is so far being powered directly from the national power supplies.
所有新的海水淡化廠，包括阿加迪爾，都打算由可再生能源提供動力。但是，到目前為止，阿加迪爾工廠直接由國家電力供應(yīng)供電。
 
Reuters reports that a person close to the project said the government is considering an offer for a renewable energy plant. The deal would power the Agadir desalination center in an effort to reduce the cost of water.
路透社報(bào)道稱，一位了解該項(xiàng)目的人士表示，政府正在考慮為可再生能源發(fā)電廠提供報(bào)價。該交易將為阿加迪爾海水淡化中心提供動力，以降低水的成本。