落難少女情結(jié)：現(xiàn)代女性喜愛閱讀言情小說的背后
By Palash Ghosh
吳悠 選 鐘凡凡 注
The other morning on my subway commute I sat next to an attractive young blonde woman who was reading something on her iPad.1 She was very well-dressed, carrying a Prada bag with tastefully applied make-up—indeed, she exuded an unmistakable air of affluence, material success and even authority.2 I suspected she worked as a highly-paid Wall Street attorney or stockbroker or something of that ilk.3 So, I was curious to see what she was poring over4. The Wall Street Journal perhaps? The New York Times? The Economist?5
Quite the contrary; rather, she was mesmerized by a romance novel—I could tell because I spied a few paragraphs written in the sentimental, florid style of that genre.6It occurred to me that the relative anonymity of an iPad (i.e., in place of a paperback featuring an absurdly cartoonish cover illustration of a muscular he-man embracing a beautiful ingénue) spared her any embarrassment over her choice of reading matter.7 After all, romance novels fall into the same sordid category as soft porn, violent comic books and anything written by Stephen King in the realm of literary “guilty pleasures.”8
Then I realized that I have known many women who devour these romance novels—smart, attractive, successful, “liberated,” modern females who nonetheless find some kind of deep satisfaction and vicarious thrill from delving into hyper-romantic, contrived and extremely unrealistic tales of handsome, manly heroes falling in love with virginal women, enduring a series of adventures, then inexorably ending in a happy resolution.9
These “romance” stories are to literature what hot dogs are to cuisine—quickly made, tasty, filling, temporarily satisfying, but with no nutritional value whatsoever.10 Yet, the genre remains enormously popular.
Consider some of these sobering statistics from the good folks at the Romance Writers of America (RWA):11
*More than 9,000 romance titles were released in 2012, yielding sales of about $1.44 billion (more than triple the revenues generated by classic literary fiction), making it the biggest portion of the U.S. consumer market at 16.7 percent.12
*Some 75 million people in the country read at least one romance novel in 2008, but most are long-time dedicated consumers of the genre.
*More than 90 percent of the market are women (okay, that’s not at all surprising).
*Readers are typically women between the ages 30 and 54 who are themselves involved in a romantic relationship (betraying the stereotype that only lonely women long for these tales of love and adventure).13
*Almost 40 percent of romance book consumers have an annual income of between $50,000 and $99,900 (placing them firmly in the middle class and even upper middle class).
I had thought that romance novels accounted for a very small fringe corner of the literary market—so I was quite surprised that this segment has such enormous popularity.14 Now that books are transitioning from the dying hardback and paperback forms to e-books, romance novels have made the change effortlessly;15 in fact, they represent the fastest-growing parts of the digital market, far ahead of general fiction, mystery and science fiction, according to Bowker, an industry research firm.
The most famous purveyor of romance novels is probably Toronto-based Harlequin Enterprises which generates hundreds of millions of dollars annually from book sales.16 The most well-known romance writer might have been Dame Barbara Cartland, the English woman who died only about twelve years ago at the age of 98. Throughout her long life, Cartland produced more than 700 novels which have reportedly sold as many as one billion copies around the world, which would make her one of the most prolific17 and successful authors ever.
Although Dame Cartland had a rather messy personal life herself, she nonetheless applied Victorian-era morality to her books—that is, only a chaste kiss between the protagonists, and generally no sexually explicit scenes.18 Princess Diana19 herself reportedly devoured Cartland’s tales of innocent romance. Granted, the contemporary romance genre has moved far from Dame Cartland’s squeamishness about sex, with female lead characters who are strong, independent and hardly virginal—but at their core, they remain true to her original vision of simple love stories that always lead to happiness.20
But I must wonder why so many women—forty years after the women’s liberation movement—continue to indulge in the fanciful tales of females so unlike them who live in fantasy worlds light years removed from their reality?21
I’m not sure if the immense popularity of romance novels represents a kind of “repudiation” of the women’s lib movement, but clearly something is missing in the lives and experiences of tens of millions (maybe even hundreds or millions) of contemporary ladies.22 An anonymous female reviewer at goodreads.com said of the genre: “Romance novels offer an escape from daily life with the belief that true love really exists.”23
A romance author named Donna Hatch who focuses on the Regency period (early 19th century Britain) explained the appeal of such books this way:24 “Regency men were civilized and treated women with courtesy. When a lady entered the room, gentlemen stood, doffed their hats, curtailed their language, offered an arm, bowed, and a hundred other little things I wish men still did today.25 But they were also very athletic26; they hunted, raced, fenced, boxed, rode horses.27 They were manly. Strong. Noble. Resolute28. Honorable. And that is why I love them!”
Mrs. Hatch may have expressed the secret (or not-so-secret?) desires and attitudes of untold millions of her peers—that is, in the early 21st century, have women grown tired of the burdens and expectations that the “freedoms” they have gained impart29 upon them? Is this a rejection of modern feminism? An expression of distaste of the hippie culture which essentially destroyed all traditional forms or behavior in the western world?30 Do women long for days of old when men were masculine gentlemen and women were feminine and protected as precious treasures and regarded as possessions?31
Perhaps most women (even the ones who get lost in romance novels) do not want to go all the way back—but it is obvious, they are unhappy with how the world has turned out in the contemporary era.
Still, I would suggest that if someone is enamored with romantic novels, one should perhaps eschew the contemporary books and read the beautiful, deep and moving works of 19th century women authors like Jane Austen and the Bronte sisters—they combined romanticism with cold hard reality and profound insights in humanity.32
Vocabulary：
1. commute: 通勤，往返交通;blonde: 金發(fā)女子，淺色頭發(fā)的女人。
2. 她穿著入時(shí)，拎著普拉達(dá)的包，略施襯托出品味的粉黛——不可否認(rèn)，她渾身上下散發(fā)出富有、物質(zhì)成功以及桀驁自恃的氣場。Prada: 普拉達(dá)，著名意大利時(shí)尚奢侈品牌;exude: 散發(fā)出，流露出;affluence: 富裕。
3. Wall Street: 華爾街，美國紐約市下曼哈頓的一條街道，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是美國經(jīng)濟(jì)最具影響力的金融市場和金融結(jié)構(gòu)的代名詞;attorney: 律師;stockbroker: 股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人;of that ilk: 同一類型的。
4. pore over: 專心閱讀。
5. 文章中依次提到的報(bào)刊分別是：《華爾街日報(bào)》、《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》，均是經(jīng)濟(jì)政治社論領(lǐng)域的嚴(yán)肅報(bào)紙。
6. mesmerize: 使……入迷;spy: (尤指經(jīng)過尋找)突然看見，突然發(fā)現(xiàn);sentimental: (故事、書等)故作傷感的;florid: (語言、音樂或藝術(shù))修飾過多的。
7. 這時(shí)我忽然意識(shí)到，iPad毫無個(gè)性的封蓋成功掩蓋了她正在閱讀的內(nèi)容(也就是說，他人無法看到她正在閱讀一本平裝書，封面突顯了滑稽可笑的卡通式插畫——一位肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的健壯男子懷抱著一位美麗無邪的少女)，她不必為自己所選擇的書感到羞愧。anonymity: 無個(gè)性特征，無特色;paperback: 平裝書，簡裝書;he-man: 〈幽默〉肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的健壯男子;ingénue: 天真少女，少不更事的初出茅廬者。
8. sordid: 猥褻的，齷齪的;soft porn: 軟調(diào)色情，指商業(yè)上含有色情成分的照片或電影，稍少一些性暴露成分;Stephen King: 史蒂芬·金(1947— )，一位作品多產(chǎn)的美國暢銷書作家，以恐怖小說著稱。
9. 然后，我意識(shí)到自己竟認(rèn)識(shí)不少如饑似渴地閱讀言情小說的女性，她們都是聰明、有魅力、“得到了解放”的現(xiàn)代成功女性，但卻在這些超級浪漫、情節(jié)矯揉造作且極為不現(xiàn)實(shí)的故事中找到了某種深深的滿足和感同身受的刺激;這些故事都在講述英俊、勇敢、強(qiáng)壯的英雄們愛上了貞潔的少女，他們在經(jīng)歷了一系列的磨難后毫無懸念地獲得了圓滿的結(jié)局。devour: 如饑似渴地閱讀;liberated: 被解放的，獲得自由的。此處指在女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)之后獲得更多自由與權(quán)利的女性，她們在生育權(quán)、受教育權(quán)、性別歧視等方面獲得了更多的話語權(quán);vicarious: 感同身受的，產(chǎn)生共鳴的;delve: 探索，探究;contrived: 不自然的，矯揉造作的;virginal: 處女般的;inexorably: 不可阻擋地，不可更改地;resolution: 解答，解決。此處指故事的結(jié)局。
10. cuisine: (精致的)菜肴，烹飪;filling: (食物)使人感到飽的;temporarily: 暫時(shí)的;whatsoever: 絲毫(用于強(qiáng)調(diào)否定句)。
11. sobering: 使人警醒的，令人清醒的;Romance Writers of America: 美國言情小說作家協(xié)會(huì)，美國一個(gè)非營利組織，目標(biāo)是支助言情小說職業(yè)作家，并為他們提供社交機(jī)會(huì)。
12. title: (書的)一本，一種;yield: 產(chǎn)生，產(chǎn)出;revenue: (公司、機(jī)構(gòu)等的)收入，收益。
13. betray: 背棄;stereotype: 模式化的思想，舊框框。
14. account for: 占(一定數(shù)量或比重);fringe: 邊緣的，非主流的;segment: 部分。
15. transition: 過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變;hardback: 硬皮書，精裝本。
16. purveyor: 提供者，供應(yīng)商;Harlequin Enterprises: (加拿大)禾林出版公司，全球最成功的浪漫小說出版商，被稱為“出版界的麥當(dāng)勞”。
17. prolific: (藝術(shù)家、作家等)多產(chǎn)的，作品豐富的。
18. messy: 混亂的，麻煩的;Victorian-era: (英國)維多利亞時(shí)代，即英國維多利亞女王的統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，被認(rèn)為是英國工業(yè)革命和大英帝國的巔峰。維多利亞時(shí)代的道德觀念支持性節(jié)制，不容忍罪惡，主張訂立嚴(yán)格的社會(huì)守則;chaste: 純潔的，不帶性意味的;protagonist: 主角，故事主人公;explicit: (描繪性或暴力的語言或畫面)清晰露骨的。
19. Princess Diana: 威爾士王妃戴安娜(1961—1997)，英國王儲(chǔ)、威爾士親王查爾斯的第一任妻子。
20. granted: 誠然，的確;squeamishness: 易受驚，神經(jīng)脆弱。
21. indulge in: 沉迷于;light years: 遙遠(yuǎn)地。
22. repudiation: 拒絕，否認(rèn);lib: liberation的縮寫。
23. anonymous: 匿名的，不留真名的;goodreads.com: 美國一家圖書分享型社交網(wǎng)站。2013年由亞馬遜公司收購納入旗下。
24. Regency period: (英國的)攝政時(shí)期，大約指1811年至1820年間。這一時(shí)期的歐洲發(fā)生了許多影響重大的歷史事件，例如拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭的結(jié)束等，工業(yè)革命也與此時(shí)在英國持續(xù)展開。這一時(shí)期亦是英國著名作家簡·奧斯汀作品的創(chuàng)作背景，使攝政時(shí)期在西方文學(xué)史中有著特殊的地位;appeal: 吸引力。
25. doff: 脫帽致意;curtail: 削弱，限制。
26. athletic: 強(qiáng)壯的，擅長運(yùn)動(dòng)的。
27. race: 賽馬;fence: 馬術(shù)障礙賽;box: 拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)。
28. resolute: 堅(jiān)決的。
29. impart: 賦予，給予。
30. distaste: 厭惡，反感;hippie culture: 嬉皮士文化，最先是用來描寫西方國家20世紀(jì)六七十年代反抗習(xí)俗和當(dāng)時(shí)政治的年輕人，用流浪的生活方式來反映出他們對民族主義和越南戰(zhàn)爭的反對。他們的外貌特征是留長發(fā)、大胡子，常穿色彩鮮艷的衣著或不尋常的衣飾。
31. masculine: 男子氣概的;feminine: 女性氣質(zhì)的;possession: 所屬物，財(cái)物。
32. 盡管如此，我還是要建議那些迷戀于言情小說的讀者們，或許她們應(yīng)該拋開現(xiàn)代小說，轉(zhuǎn)而去讀簡·奧斯汀和勃朗特姐妹等19世紀(jì)女性作家的那些文筆優(yōu)美、寓意深刻而動(dòng)人的作品——她們把浪漫主義與冷酷現(xiàn)實(shí)相結(jié)合，并提出對人性的深刻見解。enamored: 喜愛的，迷戀的;eschew: (有意地)回避，避開。
