香港與新加坡的不同藥方

Hong Kong and Singapore have revealed differingplans for how to combat rising prices, ageingpopulations and slowing global growth, settingAsia’s financial centre rivals on divergent economicpaths.

香港和新加坡披露了截然不同的計(jì)劃，以應(yīng)對(duì)不斷上漲的物價(jià)、人口老齡化及全球增長(zhǎng)放緩?；閷?duì)手的亞洲兩大金融中心，將因此走上不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展道路。

The two former British territories have long beenknown for their low taxes, rising incomes andbooming financial services sectors. The World Bankhas ranked them as two of the top three places in the world to do business since 2010.

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，這兩個(gè)英國(guó)前殖民地均以極低的稅率、不斷增長(zhǎng)的家庭收入和發(fā)達(dá)的金融服務(wù)業(yè)聞名于世。自2010年以來(lái)，兩地一直被世界銀行(WB)列入全球三大商業(yè)環(huán)境最佳地區(qū)。

 

 

But both have more recently faced the challenges of increased living costs and shiftingdemographics. This week leaders in the two cities announced their budgets for the comingyear, highlighting alternative views on how to tackle those problems.

然而，兩地近年來(lái)均面臨生活成本升高和人口結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變的挑戰(zhàn)。就在本周，這兩座城市的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都公布了今后一年的預(yù)算，兩份方案凸顯出兩地應(yīng)對(duì)此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的不同思路。

Hong Kong on Wednesday chose to use its HK$63.8bn (US$8.2bn) budget surplus to helpfund a one-off salary and profits tax rebate for all residents, confirming its longstandingcommitment to a low-tax, laissez-faire style of government.

周三，香港選擇動(dòng)用其638億港元(合82億美元)的財(cái)政預(yù)算盈余，為所有居民提供一次性的所得稅和營(yíng)業(yè)稅退稅。此舉再次確認(rèn)了港府致力于打造低稅收、放任式政府的努力。

The benefits are likely to be felt only by the middle and high-income households in Hong Kong,said KPMG’s Charles Kinsley, because many poorer workers do not earn enough to pay salariestax in the first place.

畢馬威(KPMG)的查爾斯•金斯利(Charles Kinsley)表示，由于許多較貧窮市民的所得還未達(dá)到個(gè)人所得稅的征收下限，上述舉措的好處可能只有香港中高收入居民才能體會(huì)到。

“I am aware that many of our citizens are expecting relief measures from government to allaytheir burdens,” said John Tsang, Hong Kong financial secretary. However, the government mustallocate funds in a “prudent manner” because of worries over short-term economic growth.Hong Kong’s economy grew 2.3 per cent in 2014, while Singapore’s expanded 2.9 per cent.

香港財(cái)政司司長(zhǎng)曾俊華(John Tsang)表示：“我知道，許多香港市民正指望政府的救濟(jì)措施減輕他們的負(fù)擔(dān)。”然而，他說(shuō)，出于對(duì)短期經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的顧慮，香港政府必須以“謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度”調(diào)配資金。2014年香港經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率是2.3%，而新加坡經(jīng)濟(jì)則增長(zhǎng)了2.9%。

Mr Tsang announced fee waivers for restaurants, hotels and travel agents to boost theflagging tourism industry, which he said had suffered as a result of last year’s pro-democracyprotests.

為提振萎靡不振的旅游業(yè)，曾俊華公布了對(duì)餐館、旅館和旅行社的免稅舉措。按照曾俊華的說(shuō)法，香港旅游業(yè)的艱難處境，是去年民主運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)果。

Retail sales in Hong Kong slipped 0.2 per cent in 2014, although many analysts attribute theweakness to China’s crackdown on corruption, which has dented demand for luxury goods.Overall consumer spending rose during the protest months, largely thanks to the launch ofApple’s iPhone 6.

2014年，香港零售總額下滑了0.2%。不過(guò)，許多分析師將零售總額的疲軟歸因于中國(guó)的反腐運(yùn)動(dòng)，該舉措極大地影響了人們對(duì)奢侈品的需求。在抗議活動(dòng)的幾個(gè)月內(nèi)，香港總體消費(fèi)開(kāi)支卻出現(xiàn)了增長(zhǎng)，這在很大程度上要?dú)w功于蘋(píng)果(Apple)推出的iPhone 6手機(jī)。

Hong Kong also earmarked funds for some short-term relief measures and extra cash forpoorer retirees, but stopped short of introducing a universal pension. Instead the governmentwill encourage older people to return to work.

此外，香港還為某些短期救濟(jì)措施安排了資金，并為較貧窮的退休人員撥備了額外現(xiàn)金。不過(guò)，香港政府并未建立全民養(yǎng)老金制度。相反，港府鼓勵(lì)較年長(zhǎng)人士重返工作崗位。

In contrast, Singapore on Monday moved to redistribute wealth by raising taxes on itswealthiest residents to pay for increased spending on social welfare, particularly healthcare.

新加坡政府則與香港不同。在周一公布的計(jì)劃中，它以提高最富有居民的稅收方式實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)富再分配，以便應(yīng)對(duì)社會(huì)福利開(kāi)支——尤其是醫(yī)保開(kāi)支——的增長(zhǎng)。

The package of improved benefits included more generous support for retirees and low-incomefamilies, and extra funding for high-skills training. The combined measures will take governmentspending up to 19-19.5 per cent of gross domestic product by 2020 from the current 18.5per cent, according to CIMB.

受惠于這一計(jì)劃的包括退休人員和低收入家庭，他們將獲得更多資助，以及高技術(shù)人員，他們將獲得更多額外資金用于培訓(xùn)。根據(jù)聯(lián)昌國(guó)際銀行(CIMB)的計(jì)算，上述措施合起來(lái)，將令新加坡政府開(kāi)支與國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)之比，從目前的18.5%升至2020年以前的19%到19.5%。

“We have set new directions for the future”, said Singapore finance minister TharmanShanmugaratnam in his budget address. “We are making fundamental policy shifts to giveSingaporeans greater assurance at each stage of life, more opportunities, and a better homefor all.”

新加坡財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)尚達(dá)曼(Tharman Shanmugaratnam)在其預(yù)算講話(huà)中表示：“我們已為未來(lái)設(shè)定了新的方向。我們正在開(kāi)展根本性的政策轉(zhuǎn)變，以便為新加坡人提供生命所有階段的更大保障、創(chuàng)造更多機(jī)遇、并為所有人打造更美好的家園。”

Singaporeans are due to go to the polls any time between now and 2017, leading someanalysts to bill the budget as a pre-election vote-winner.

從現(xiàn)在起到2017年的某個(gè)時(shí)候，新加坡人將投票舉行大選。為此，部分分析師宣稱(chēng)這一預(yù)算方案是一種選舉前的拉票行為。

Living costs in both Hong Kong and Singapore have risen sharply since the financial crisis,heightening concerns about inequality. The Economist Intelligent Unit now ranks Singapore asthe world’s most expensive city, while Hong Kong has its highest home prices, according toSavills.

自金融危機(jī)以來(lái)，香港和新加坡的生活成本都已急劇攀升，令人們?nèi)找鎿?dān)心社會(huì)不公的問(wèn)題。目前，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人信息部(Economist Intelligent Unit, EIU)將新加坡列為全球消費(fèi)最高的城市。而根據(jù)第一太平戴維斯(Savills)的數(shù)據(jù)，香港擁有全球最高的房?jī)r(jià)。

The cost of living was one of the frustrations aired by protesters during the Hong Kongprotests, which shut down major roads in three commercial districts for almost three months.

在香港抗議活動(dòng)期間，生活成本是抗議者公開(kāi)表達(dá)不滿(mǎn)的問(wèn)題之一。將近三個(gè)月的抗議活動(dòng)，曾導(dǎo)致香港三個(gè)商業(yè)區(qū)的主要街道關(guān)閉。

Universal suffrage is due to be introduced to Hong Kong in 2017 but critics say the plan for astrictly controlled system for nominating candidates falls short of genuine democracy.

香港定于在2017年實(shí)行普選，不過(guò)批評(píng)者表示，按照該選舉方案，候選人的提名將受?chē)?yán)格控制，從而無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的民主。