中國(guó)超級(jí)富豪為何對(duì)超級(jí)游艇不感冒
要說哪個(gè)國(guó)家有很多富人能買得起超級(jí)游艇，那絕對(duì)是中國(guó)。據(jù)財(cái)富情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)Wealth-X公司統(tǒng)計(jì)，作為全球最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體之一，中國(guó)已經(jīng)擁有大約1.1萬名資產(chǎn)超過3000萬美元的“超級(jí)富豪”。
But, the superyacht industry hasn’t caught on big inChina.
但是，超級(jí)游艇業(yè)至今沒有在中國(guó)賺到多少錢。
Superyachts are officially defined as boats whose hulls at the water line measure longer than24 meters, or 79 feet. A superyacht — typically a private boat that requires a professionalcrew to operate — costs $6 million on up. Just 34 –or 0.7 percent — of the world’s 4,836superyachts are based in China, according to a 2013 study by the Auckland Government.
根據(jù)官方定義，超級(jí)游艇指的是那些吃水線長(zhǎng)度超過24米的豪華游脡。一般來說，每艘超級(jí)游艇都需要由一支專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)來操作，單艘超級(jí)游艇的售價(jià)起碼在600萬美元以上。根據(jù)奧克蘭市政府在2013年所做的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，全球現(xiàn)有的4836艘超級(jí)游艇中，只有34艘在中國(guó)，約占總數(shù)的0.7%。
In part, the lack of popularity is due to culture. Yachting is all about fun in the sun. Andtraditionally, many Chinese have avoided the sun and haven’t really done downtime.
超級(jí)游艇在中國(guó)遇冷的部分原因是中國(guó)的文化。游艇的妙處就在于享受大海和陽光。而傳統(tǒng)上，很多中國(guó)人都避免曬太陽，而且他們?cè)谛菹r(shí)間也閑不下來。
“The Chinese are not used to the idea of time away from it all, especially not European style,”explained Colin Dawson, chairman of the Asia-Pacific Superyacht Association. “They tend totake a very different approach to yacht ownership – it’s a business tool, not a leisure item.”
亞太超級(jí)游艇協(xié)會(huì)主席科林o道森解釋道：“中國(guó)人不太習(xí)慣于遠(yuǎn)離塵囂，尤其是不習(xí)慣歐洲的那種休閑方式。如果他們購(gòu)買游艇，那往往是出于其它動(dòng)機(jī)——對(duì)于中國(guó)富豪來說，游艇是一種商業(yè)工具，而不是休閑物品。”
Luc Khaldoun is the head of client advisory services at OneOcean Ventures, which provides arange of services for superyacht owners. He noted that his Chinese clients seemed to preferyachts with “little open space” and wanted to “limit time spent outside.”
盧克o哈勒敦是OneOcean Ventures公司的客戶咨詢服務(wù)總監(jiān)，這家公司主要向超級(jí)游艇買家提供一系列服務(wù)。哈勒敦指出，中國(guó)客戶貌似更加喜歡那種“開放空間小”的超級(jí)游艇，而且想“限制在外面停留的時(shí)間”。
There are also some pragmatic reasons why superyachting hasn’t caught on with the Chineseelite. China has a luxury goods import tax of 43 percent. Adding to the expense: the regionlacks experienced crew, so Chinese superyacht owners need to relocate Europeans andobtain work visas for them.
超級(jí)游艇沒有成為中國(guó)精英的玩物，或許還有一些更加實(shí)際的原因。中國(guó)的奢侈品進(jìn)口稅達(dá)到了43%。另外中國(guó)也缺乏有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的船員，所以游艇買家需要雇歐洲人給他們開船，這就免不了要為他們辦工作簽證。這些都會(huì)增加購(gòu)買游艇的成本。
In recent years, the government also has cracked down on corporate corruption, and somemay fear that cruising around on a superyacht and using it to entertain clients (andgovernment officials) might make an exec more visible — and perhaps more of a target.
此外，中國(guó)政府近年來一直在大力整頓企業(yè)腐敗。一些富豪擔(dān)心乘坐游艇出行或是請(qǐng)客戶或官員出海享樂，可能會(huì)將他們暴露在調(diào)查人員的視野中。
And then, there’s just simple geography. Part of the appeal of cruising has been putteringaround idyllic Mediterranean archipelagos. While China has a few key marinas like Nansha Marinain Guangzhou and Ocean One International Yacht Club, it still lacks some of the infrastructure tosupport superyachts, such as repair yards, as well as the Mediterranean’s pretty coastline.
另外還有地理問題。對(duì)于歐洲人來說，游艇的另一個(gè)吸引力就是可以坐著它逛逛地中海的小島。但在中國(guó)，類似于南沙碼頭和一洋國(guó)際游艇俱樂部這樣的游艇碼頭寥寥無幾。此外，中國(guó)仍然缺少某些支持超級(jí)游艇的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，比如修理廠。更不用說也沒有像地中海那樣美麗的海岸線。
Of course, none of this has stopped a few ultra-wealthy Chinese from buying, and keeping,yachts — in Europe, the U.S., and even elsewhere in Asia. The superyacht market in China isgrowing, albeit very slowly. “Chinese looking into superyachts may buy in Europe and elsewherein Asia,” said Nigel Stuart, managing director of Spirits Yachts, a yacht building company. Henoted that Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia are “stunning blue water cruising destinations.”European brokers are regulars at the Shanghai, Dalian and Hainan Rendez Vous boat shows,hoping to lure Chinese buyers with the dream of cruising around St. Tropez, Cannes, and Capri.
當(dāng)然，種種因素也沒有能阻止少數(shù)中國(guó)超級(jí)富豪購(gòu)買和保有游艇的腳步——只不過他們是在歐洲、美國(guó)和亞洲其它地區(qū)購(gòu)買的。中國(guó)超級(jí)游艇市場(chǎng)雖然增速緩慢，但畢竟還是在增長(zhǎng)。游艇制造公司Spirits Yachts的常務(wù)董事奈杰爾o斯圖爾特表示：“想購(gòu)買超級(jí)游艇的中國(guó)人可能會(huì)在歐洲或亞洲的其它國(guó)家購(gòu)買。”他指出，新加坡、泰國(guó)和馬來西亞都是“絕佳的航海目的地”。歐洲的游艇經(jīng)紀(jì)人經(jīng)常參加位于上海、大連和海南的游艇展，希望能夠吸引到那些夢(mèng)想坐著游艇周游圣特魯佩斯、戛納和卡普里島的中國(guó)富豪。
While China may not yet be a destination for yachting itself, it is gaining a reputation as abase for yacht-building, primarily because of its lower costs. According to Boat International,China now ranks eighth in the top ten superyacht building nations, and 28 superyachts wereconstructed there in one year, mainly in Shandong and Guandong, according to the AucklandGovernment study.
盡管中國(guó)本身還不是一個(gè)游艇旅游的好去處，但作為游艇生產(chǎn)基地，它已經(jīng)積累了一定的口碑，特別是更低的制造成本。據(jù)《國(guó)際舟船》雜志報(bào)道，在十大超級(jí)游艇生產(chǎn)國(guó)中，中國(guó)目前排名第8位。另?yè)?jù)奧克蘭市政府的調(diào)查顯示，中國(guó)目前年產(chǎn)超級(jí)游艇28艘，生產(chǎn)基地分別位于山東和廣東。
To be sure, the Chinese yacht construction is small fry compared to Italy’s 269 yachts builtlast year, but the 43 percent import tax on luxury goods means that domestic constructionin China will becoming even more appealing, as long as demand grows.
與意大利去年269艘游艇的產(chǎn)量相比，中國(guó)的產(chǎn)量顯得微不足道。但43%的奢侈品進(jìn)口稅也意味著中國(guó)的國(guó)產(chǎn)游艇將更具吸引力——只要需求還在增長(zhǎng)。
Meanwhile, China is not being written off as a market. Most superyacht brokers and builders saythey are just biding their time. Some have dipped their toes into the Chinese market by openinga shop in nearby Hong Kong or Singapore, which both have a strong expat population andinfrastructure better-suited to yachting.
與此同時(shí)，許多人也沒有放棄中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。大部分超級(jí)游艇經(jīng)銷商和制造商都表示，他們只是在等待時(shí)機(jī)。有些公司已經(jīng)開始試水中國(guó)市場(chǎng)，比如在香港或新加坡開設(shè)商店，這兩個(gè)地方都有很多中國(guó)移民，而且那里的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也更適合游艇。
UK-based yacht designer Spirit Yachts opened in Hong Kong last year, while London-basedBurgess Yachts is opening in Singapore later this year. “We are slowly preparing for when Chinacomes on stream – when it does, it will come big,” said Jonathan Beckett, chief executive ofBurgess.
英國(guó)的游艇設(shè)計(jì)公司Spirit Yachts去年在香港開設(shè)了分公司，倫敦的Burgess Yachts公司也將于今年晚些時(shí)候在新加坡開設(shè)分號(hào)。Burgess Yachts公司CEO喬納森o貝克特表示：“我們正在慢慢準(zhǔn)備中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的好轉(zhuǎn)。屆時(shí)，它將是一個(gè)龐大的市場(chǎng)。”
Many agree that China’s time will come, but just not for the next decade or so. “Is China thenew market for superyachts? Not yet – is the answer. North America, Europe, the Gulf and theMiddle East are still the markets of today,” said Beckett. Burgess, like many others, isrefocusing efforts on traditional markets, and sales are on the up. Last year the ultra high networth spent a combined $22 billion on yachts, according to data from Wealth-X.
很多人認(rèn)同中國(guó)時(shí)代終將來臨，只不過可能還得等上十幾年甚至更久。貝克特說：“中國(guó)是否是超級(jí)游艇的新市場(chǎng)?答案是：至少現(xiàn)在還不是。目前的主要市場(chǎng)仍然是北美、歐洲、海灣地區(qū)和中東。”Burgess和許多其他游艇公司正在把主要精力集中在傳統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)上，而且銷量也正在上升。Wealth-X公司的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年全球超級(jí)富豪花在游艇上的錢達(dá)到了220億美元。
What the industry must remember is that it took 30 years to build a superyacht market in theWest, so it may still catch on in the East.
游艇行業(yè)必須清楚，這個(gè)行業(yè)花了30年時(shí)間才在西方國(guó)家形成氣候。要讓游艇在東方流行起來，也得花上不少時(shí)間。
