俄羅斯：婦女節(jié)的“燒錢”慶祝傳統(tǒng)讓男人壓力山大
A young couple carrying red roses cross a road in Moscow on March 6, 2017, two days before International Women's Day, also known as the March 8 holiday (AFP Photo/Natalia KOLESNIKOVA)
In offices across Russia, the countdown to International Women's Day is a whirl of last-minute meetings and dashes for gifts as men race to prepare festivities for their female colleagues.
在俄羅斯各地的辦公室，婦女節(jié)的臨近意味著最后關(guān)頭的緊急會(huì)議和跑來跑去地買禮物，因?yàn)槎砹_斯男人要爭分奪秒地為女同事們準(zhǔn)備婦女節(jié)的慶?；顒?dòng)。
"We've sent out loads of emails, we've analysed the market, we've pooled ideas, and we've just got one more meeting ahead of the launch of Operation Women's Day," confided Sergei Krakhmalyev, who works at Rosbank, a major Russian bank.
在羅斯銀行(一家俄羅斯大銀行)工作的男士謝爾蓋•克拉克馬爾耶夫透露說：“我們會(huì)發(fā)出大量郵件、分析市場行情、集思廣益，甚至還會(huì)在婦女節(jié)行動(dòng)日前夕召開會(huì)議。”
"This year we've decided not to spend money on gifts that are useless, shall we say, but to organise a buffet," he said.
他說：“今年我們決定不花錢買沒用的禮物了，而是組織一場自助餐活動(dòng)。”
Krakhmalyev, who is in his 40s, works in a team of eight men and 35 women. He calculates that this year's celebration will cost about 25,000 rubles ($430).
現(xiàn)年40多歲的克拉克馬爾耶夫在一個(gè)包含8名男性和35名女性的團(tuán)隊(duì)里工作。他估算今年的婦女節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)將花費(fèi)約2.5萬盧布(2964元人民幣)。
"It's expensive," he says, "but it's a Soviet tradition that I think it's important to keep up."
他說：“是挺燒錢的，但這是一項(xiàng)源于蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期的傳統(tǒng)，我認(rèn)為保持這一傳統(tǒng)很重要。”
A public holiday in the Soviet Union since 1965, March 8 is an opportunity for Russian men to "remember the importance of women" in society, he says.
他介紹說，1965年婦女節(jié)在前蘇聯(lián)成為公休假日，自那以后，3月8日就成為俄羅斯男人“銘記女人在社會(huì)中的重要性”的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。
International Women's Day is also a public holiday, so office celebrations are held the day before.
國際婦女節(jié)在現(xiàn)在的俄羅斯也是公休假日，所以辦公室的慶祝活動(dòng)將會(huì)提前一天舉行。
This year's events are expected to be relatively low-key in comparison to the oil-boom years, when many companies spared no expense.
今年的慶?；顒?dòng)預(yù)期將比石油榮景年代相對(duì)低調(diào)些，那些年許多公司都是不惜血本地砸錢搞慶?；顒?dòng)。
"The company used to allocate a big budget for this holiday and took as many as 500 women out to a restaurant," recalled Irina, who works in human resources at a major Russian company.
在一家俄羅斯大公司人力資源部工作的伊莉娜回憶說：“公司曾經(jīng)為這個(gè)節(jié)日撥出了一大筆經(jīng)費(fèi)，請了多達(dá)500名女員工下館子吃飯。”
"That was before the 2008 economic crisis," said Irina, 40, who asked not to disclose her surname. "Now the men have a whip-round to buy us flowers and chocolates."
40歲的伊莉娜說：“那是在2008年經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)之前，現(xiàn)在男人們只要湊錢給女同事買鮮花和巧克力就可以了。”伊莉娜請求不要透露自己的姓氏。
Nevertheless the holiday "cheers up the atmosphere in the team," she said.
不過，她表示，這個(gè)節(jié)日還是會(huì)“讓團(tuán)隊(duì)的氣氛高昂起來”。
In Russia, it is also widely seen as a counterpart to the Day of the Defender of the Fatherland, on February 23, which is nominally for those who served in the army but is considered the male equivalent.
在俄羅斯，婦女節(jié)還被普遍視為和祖國保衛(wèi)者日(2月23日)對(duì)等的節(jié)日。祖國保衛(wèi)者日名義上是那些軍人的節(jié)日，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被視為所有男人的節(jié)日。
In offices, this holiday is often an occasion for celebrations that take an unreconstructed approach to gender roles.
在辦公室，祖國保衛(wèi)者日就是慶祝舊時(shí)代性別角色的一個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)。
"This year we organised a fake army recruitment drive" for the defender holiday, Irina said. "We gave our colleagues a medical and some of us were dressed up as sexy nurses."
伊莉娜說：“今年我們?yōu)閼c祝祖國保衛(wèi)者日組織了一場假征兵動(dòng)員活動(dòng)，我們給男同事們做醫(yī)療護(hù)理，而我們當(dāng)中的一些女同事打扮成了性感的護(hù)士。”
"Now the men are under pressure. They have to try to do better than us, even if we know that's impossible," she added with a smile.
她笑著補(bǔ)充說：“現(xiàn)在男人們有壓力了。他們不得不努力趕超我們，盡管我們知道他們不可能做得比我們好。”
- Bonanza for florists -
花商的好運(yùn)日
Some men, however, including Vitaly Konyayev, a project manager in the southern Russian city of Saratov, find it hard to get into the holiday spirit.
然而，也有些男性，包括俄羅斯南部城市薩拉托夫的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理維塔利•孔雅耶夫，難以讓自己進(jìn)入節(jié)日情緒。
"This year my colleagues didn't give me anything for February 23, so they can whistle for a gift on March 8," he said.
他說：“今年2月23日我的女同事們什么也沒給我，所以3月8日那天她們也休想得到禮物。”
The March 8 holiday "only means something if you give flowers to a woman you love and respect -- not those you are forced to rub along with at work," he said.
他說，“如果你送花給你心愛和尊敬的女人，而不是你被迫在職場打交道的女人”，3月8日這個(gè)節(jié)日“才有意義”。
He complained that he had to pay almost 1,000 rubles for a bunch of flowers for the holiday, which brings a bonanza for florists.
他抱怨說，他得花費(fèi)近1000盧布為婦女節(jié)買一束鮮花，讓花商從中得益。
Flower prices often double ahead of the March 8 holiday -- and orders double as well, said Florence Gervais d'Aldin, a French flower grower and importer who has worked in Russia for more than 20 years.
花商熱維斯•德•阿爾丁說，鮮花價(jià)格通常在3月8日前夕都會(huì)成倍上漲，訂單也會(huì)成倍增加。阿爾丁是一名來自法國的花農(nóng)和進(jìn)口商，已經(jīng)在俄羅斯做了20多年生意了。
Her business, which specialises in scented roses, sells more than 8,000 roses on March 7 and 8, compared with her usual sales of 600 per day.
她主要經(jīng)營有香味的玫瑰，平時(shí)的日銷售量為600朵，而在3月7日和8日這兩天，可以賣掉超8000朵。
"It's a day for mothers, for sweethearts, for colleagues, all together," Gervais d'Aldin said, with its popularity "far higher" than that of St Valentine's Day, on February 14.
阿爾丁說：“這是屬于母親、愛人、女同事和所有其他女性的節(jié)日”。她還說道，這個(gè)節(jié)日的受歡迎度比2月14日情人節(jié)“還要高得多”。
- Starting young -
從小培養(yǎng)婦女節(jié)慶祝傳統(tǒng)
The stress of organising a celebration for female counterparts starts early, with boys in elementary school expected to throw celebrations for the girls in their class.
為女同胞們組織慶?；顒?dòng)的壓力從小就開始了，小學(xué)男生就要開始為班里的女同學(xué)慶祝節(jié)日。
Sasha Kuznetsov, 11, has put together a programme of cakes, balloons, greeting cards and even a concert.
11歲的薩沙•庫茲涅佐夫?yàn)榕瑢W(xué)準(zhǔn)備了蛋糕、氣球、賀卡甚至音樂會(huì)等一系列節(jié)目。
"I think this holiday should exist, but it shouldn't be celebrated in such a pompous way," he said.
他說：“我認(rèn)為這個(gè)節(jié)日應(yīng)該存在，但不應(yīng)該如此大張旗鼓地慶祝。”
"In any case, soon it will be pointless because women's rights will be respected," he added.
他補(bǔ)充說：“無論如何，很快這個(gè)節(jié)日也將失去它的意義，因?yàn)榕缘臋?quán)利將得到尊重。”
For foreigners working in Russia, the full-on approach is a culture shock, said Samuel, a French national working for Sberbank, the country's biggest lender.
對(duì)于在俄羅斯工作的外來員工而言，比如塞繆爾，這種火力全開的慶祝方式真是個(gè)文化沖擊。塞繆爾是在俄羅斯最大的商業(yè)銀行俄羅斯聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)蓄銀行工作的法國人。
"Russians get used to this holiday from childhood, but for us, it's always a bit strange," he said.
他說：“俄羅斯人打小就習(xí)慣這樣慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日，而對(duì)我們而言，總歸有點(diǎn)奇怪。”
He found himself designated a "volunteer" to organise this year's celebrations, a role that he said requires "endless meetings and spreadsheets". Last year, the party ended up costing more than 150,000 rubles.
今年他被指派為組織婦女節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)的“志愿者”，據(jù)他表示這個(gè)角色需要“沒完沒了的開會(huì)和制作電子表格”。去年，婦女節(jié)慶祝派對(duì)花掉了超15萬盧布。
"For my Russian colleagues, it's a time to make a gesture," he said. "Even if it is often corny and some things would make a French woman scream."
他說：“對(duì)我的俄羅斯同事而言，這是做出表示的時(shí)刻。盡管這些慶?；顒?dòng)通常很老土，有些節(jié)目還會(huì)讓一個(gè)法國女人尖叫。”
