日本的建筑師把建筑當作活的有機體

日本的建筑師把建筑當作活的有機體

In 1952, Japan faced newfound autonomy. The American occupation following World War II ended, and as the decade progressed, the devastating effects of the atomic bomb -- both physical and psychological -- began to recede into the country's past.

1952年，日本面臨著新的自治。美國的占領(lǐng)隨著而戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束而結(jié)束，隨著十年的發(fā)展，原子彈的毀滅性影響——無論是生理上的還是心理上的——開始消退，成為這個國家的過去。

Japanese architects saw possibilities for rebuilding. As they learned about the Western, modernist principles that were beginning to enter their schools, these architects also considered how to preserve their own pre-war culture. A new movement, Metabolism, emerged from this view.

日本建筑師看到了重建可能性。當他們了解到西方現(xiàn)代主義原則開始進入他們的學校，這些建筑師也考慮如何保存自己戰(zhàn)前的文化。一種新的運動——新陳代謝——從這個觀點中誕生了。

In their conceptual manifesto, "Metabolism 1960: Proposals for a New Urbanism," the Metabolist founders used biological metaphors to call for buildings capable of regeneration.

在他們的概念宣言《1960年新陳代謝:新城市主義的提議》中，新陳代謝學創(chuàng)始人使用生物學隱喻來呼吁建造能夠再生的建筑。

"We regard human society as a vital process -- a continuous development from atom to nebula," they wrote. "The reason why we use such a biological word, the metabolism, is that we believe design and technology should be a denotation of human vitality." They thought of different building elements as cells and considered the DNA of their own projects.

“我們認為人類社會是一個至關(guān)重要的過程——從原子到星云的持續(xù)發(fā)展，”他們寫道。“我們之所以使用代謝這個生物學術(shù)語，是因為我們相信設計和技術(shù)應該是人類活力的象征。”他們認為不同的建筑元素就像細胞，并考慮他們自己項目的DNA。

The Metabolist architects debuted their new ideas at Tokyo's 1960 World Design Conference. Kenzo Tange, who was influenced by Le Corbusier and mentored many figures in the group, also proposed a new design to expand Tokyo's housing: a series of interlocking loops of highway that would extend across Tokyo Bay and increase mobility.

這位新陳代謝學家兼建筑師在1960年東京世界設計大會上首次提出了他們的新想法。受到勒柯布西耶影響的田莊賢三在團隊中指導了許多人，他還提出了一種擴大東京住宅的新設計:一系列相互連接的高速公路環(huán)線，將橫跨東京灣，增加流動性。

Though Tange's design was never realized, scholar Hyunjung Cho has written that it was radical because of its concept of the city "not as hardware but as software in preparation for the nascent information society." Tange's design focused more on mutability and less on a finalized structure: His decentralized plan was just a starting point -- his design would support future housing projects without congesting a city center.

盡管田莊賢三的設計從未實現(xiàn)，學者Hyunjung Cho寫道，它是徹底的，因為它的城市概念“不是作為硬件，而是作為軟件，為新生的信息社會做準備”。田莊賢三的設計更多地關(guān)注可變性，而不是最終的結(jié)構(gòu):他的分散化計劃只是一個起點——他的涉及將支持未來的住房項目，而不會使城市中心擁擠不堪。