全世界有8億人挨餓，20億人吃太多

One-third of the world's nearly 700 million children under five years old are undernourished or overweight and face lifelong health problems as a consequence, according to a United Nations' assessment of childhood nutrition released on Tuesday.

聯(lián)合國于周二發(fā)布的兒童營養(yǎng)評(píng)估報(bào)告顯示：全球近7億的5歲以下兒童中，三分之一的兒童營養(yǎng)不良或超重，且因此面臨終身健康問題。

"If children eat poorly, they live poorly," said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore, unveiling the agency's first State of the World's Children report since 1999. "We are losing ground in the fight for healthy diets."

“如果孩子們吃的不好，他們生活的也不好，”聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)執(zhí)行主任亨利埃塔·福爾(Henrietta Fore)表示，這是該基金會(huì)自1999年以來首次發(fā)表的《世界兒童狀況報(bào)告》。“在爭取健康飲食的戰(zhàn)役中，我們正走著下坡路。”

Problems that once existed at opposite ends of the wealth spectrum have today converged in poor and middle-income countries, the report showed. Despite a nearly 40 percent drop in stunted growth in poor countries from 1990 to 2015, 149 million children age four or younger are today still too short for their age, a clinical condition that impairs both brain and body development.

報(bào)告顯示，曾經(jīng)存在于財(cái)富譜兩端的問題，如今已集中發(fā)生在貧困和中等收入的國家。盡管從1990年到2015年間，貧困國家兒童的發(fā)育遲緩率下降了40%左右，但現(xiàn)今仍有1.49億4歲或4歲以下的兒童身高不達(dá)標(biāo)，這種臨床癥狀會(huì)影響他們的大腦和身體發(fā)育。

Another 50 million are afflicted by wasting, a chronic and debilitating thinness also born of poverty. At the same time, half of youngsters across the globe under five are not getting essential vitamins and minerals, a long-standing problem UNICEF has dubbed "hidden hunger". Over the past three decades, however, another form of child malnutrition has surged across the developing world: excess weight.

另外，還有5000萬的兒童因貧困而身體瘦弱，這是一種長期的消瘦癥。同時(shí)，全球5歲以下的兒童中，一半兒童得不到必要的維生素和礦物質(zhì)，聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)將這一長期存在的問題稱為“隱性饑餓”。然而，過去三十年間，另一種形式的兒童營養(yǎng)失衡現(xiàn)象正在發(fā)展中國家激增：超重。

"This triple burden - undernutrition, a lack of crucial micronutrients and obesity - is increasingly found in the same country, sometimes in the same neighborhood, and often in the same household," said Victor Aguayo, head of UNICEF's nutrition program. "A mother who is overweight or obese can have children who are stunted or wasted."

“這種三重負(fù)擔(dān)——營養(yǎng)不良、缺乏關(guān)鍵的微量營養(yǎng)素和肥胖——正越來越多地出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)國家，有時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)街區(qū)，也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)家庭，”聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)營養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人維克多·阿加約(Victor Aguayo)說道。“過重或肥胖的母親可能會(huì)生出營養(yǎng)不良或瘦弱的孩子。”

Across all age groups, more than 800 million people in the world are constantly hungry and another 2 billion are eating too much of the wrong foods, driving epidemics of obesity, heart disease and diabetes.

在所有年齡段，全世界有8億多人經(jīng)常挨餓，另有20億人過多食用垃圾食品，導(dǎo)致肥胖、心臟病和糖尿病的流行。

Among children under five, their mother's diet during the 1,000 days after conception has formed the foundation for their physical health and mental development. And yet, only two of five infants under six months old are exclusively breastfed, as recommended. Sales of milk-based formula have risen worldwide by 40 percent, and in upper middle-income countries such as Brazil, China and Turkey, there's has been a nearly 75 percent jump.

在5歲以下的兒童中，母親受孕1000天內(nèi)的飲食為兒童的身體健康和智力發(fā)育奠定了基礎(chǔ)。但是，6個(gè)月以下的嬰兒中，只有五分之二的嬰兒是按照建議采取純母乳喂養(yǎng)。全世界范圍內(nèi)，以牛奶為基礎(chǔ)的配方奶粉的銷售量上漲了40%，而在巴西、中國和土耳其等中等偏上收入的國家，其銷售量上漲了近75%。