2019年丹麥近一半的電力來(lái)自風(fēng)能

2019年丹麥近一半的電力來(lái)自風(fēng)能

Denmark is only about half the size of South Carolina, but it produces more of its electricity from wind than any other country in the world. That's not because it's a particularly breezy country; it has pretty ordinary average wind speeds. The reason the Danes now get 47% of their electricity from wind, with more to come, comes down to a combination of history and policy.

丹麥的面積只有南卡羅萊納的一半，但它的風(fēng)力發(fā)電量比世界上任何其他國(guó)家都要多。這并不是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)特別微風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí)的國(guó)家;它有相當(dāng)普通的平均風(fēng)速。丹麥現(xiàn)在47%的電力來(lái)自風(fēng)能，未來(lái)還會(huì)有更多，原因在于歷史和政策的結(jié)合。

Wind turbines and poppies on Bornholm Island, Denmark. (Photo: Milosz Maslanka/Shutterstock)

First, the history: Paul la Cour was a scientist and inventor who experimented with and engineered early wind power machines at the start of the 20th century. So it's not surprising that Denmark invested in building wind power early, beginning at a national level in the 1970s. In the 1980s, due to a strong grassroots movement opposing nuclear power plants, Denmark ramped up production before many other countries were even considering it.

首先是歷史:保羅·拉庫(kù)爾是一位科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家，他在20世紀(jì)初試驗(yàn)并設(shè)計(jì)了早期的風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)器。因此，丹麥早在上世紀(jì)70年代就開(kāi)始在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)投資建設(shè)風(fēng)力發(fā)電，也就不足為奇了。在20世紀(jì)80年代，由于強(qiáng)烈的草根運(yùn)動(dòng)反對(duì)核電站，丹麥甚至在許多其他國(guó)家考慮之前就提高了產(chǎn)量。

Denmark has also had significant government support for wind-energy projects, as well as support from the country's technology-focused universities. Even back in 2002, the country was taking climate change warnings seriously, aiming to cut fossil-fuel emissions by 20 percent, which they did via renewable energy investment and implementation.

丹麥政府還對(duì)風(fēng)能項(xiàng)目提供了大量支持，該國(guó)以技術(shù)為重點(diǎn)的大學(xué)也提供了支持。早在2002年，該國(guó)就認(rèn)真對(duì)待氣候變化警告，計(jì)劃通過(guò)可再生能源投資和實(shí)施，將化石燃料排放量減少20%。

Some of the world's largest companies in the sector — including Vestas, which builds turbines, and Orsted, which specializes in offshore wind projects — are Danish, so the country has an impact beyond its borders.

該行業(yè)中一些全球最大的公司——包括制造渦輪機(jī)的維斯塔斯和專(zhuān)門(mén)從事海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目的奧斯特德——都是丹麥公司，因此丹麥的影響力超越了國(guó)界。

The outsized impact of Denmark's wind-energy business is important because it's a small country, so while an almost 50% rate of electricity from wind is admirable, it's also minor in terms of overall planetary impact.

丹麥風(fēng)能產(chǎn)業(yè)的巨大影響是重要的，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)小國(guó)家，所以盡管50%的風(fēng)能發(fā)電率是令人欽佩的，但就對(duì)整個(gè)地球的影響而言，它也是微不足道的。

While Denmark gets half its electricity needs covered from 5,758 megawatts (MW) of capacity, Spain’s 23,000 MW covers just 18 percent of its electricity supply as it's a much bigger country. China is the leader in wind energy at 221,000 MW, and the U.S. is second in the world at about 96,000 MW.

丹麥的總發(fā)電量為5758兆瓦，滿(mǎn)足了該國(guó)一半的電力需求，而西班牙的總發(fā)電量為23000兆瓦，僅占其總發(fā)電量的18%，因?yàn)樵搰?guó)國(guó)土面積要大得多。中國(guó)的風(fēng)能發(fā)電量為22.1萬(wàn)兆瓦，居世界首位，美國(guó)以9.6萬(wàn)兆瓦位居第二。

Denmark's long support of wind-energy technology and pro-wind policies have proven this approach can work to decarbonize the economy, even on a bigger scale. At the end of 2019, lawmakers in Denmark set a new goal: increasing the share of electricity sourced from renewable power to 100%.

丹麥長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)對(duì)風(fēng)能技術(shù)和親風(fēng)政策的支持已經(jīng)證明，這種方法可以在更大范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)脫碳。在2019年底，丹麥立法者設(shè)定了一個(gè)新目標(biāo):將可再生能源發(fā)電的比例提高到100%。