朝圣者仍然可以沿著這條古老的道路從坎特伯雷到羅馬

朝圣者仍然可以沿著這條古老的道路從坎特伯雷到羅馬

In 990 A.D., Archbishop Sigeric of Canterbury, England, traveled to Rome to meet with Pope John XV. On his way home, he kept a detailed travel journal, noting 80 distinct stops along the route.

公元990年英國(guó)坎特伯雷大主教西格里克前往羅馬會(huì)見(jiàn)教皇約翰十五世。在回家的路上，他寫(xiě)了一本詳細(xì)的旅行日記，記下沿途80個(gè)不同的站點(diǎn)。

Hikers on the Via Francigena in Tuscany. (Photo: Luca Casartelli [CC BY-SA 2.0]/Flickr)

His notes were important because so many pilgrims wanted to made the long journey from far away to visit Rome. But because maps and itineraries were hard to find, those arduous travels were difficult.

他的筆記很重要，因?yàn)樵S多朝圣者都想從遙遠(yuǎn)的地方遠(yuǎn)道而來(lái)參觀羅馬。但由于地圖和旅行路線很難找到，這些艱苦的旅行是困難的。

Sigeric's diary and those stops have become the basis for the Via Francigena, a main route for pilgrims dating back to the Middle Ages that has since become popular with hikers, adventurers and modern-day pilgrims.

西格里克的日記和這些景點(diǎn)已經(jīng)成為了弗朗西熱納大道的基礎(chǔ)，這條大道是中世紀(jì)以來(lái)朝圣者的主要路線，后來(lái)在徒步旅行者、冒險(xiǎn)家和現(xiàn)代朝圣者中變得流行起來(lái)。

The trail starts at Canterbury Cathedral in Kent, England. (Photo: Claudio Divizia/Shutterstock)

Starting in Canterbury and ending in Rome, the 2,000-kilometer (1,250-mile) trail passes through England, France, Switzerland and Italy. It winds through the countryside and cuts through cities and villages. It follows along mule tracks and cobblestone streets, climbs over mountains and along vineyards and ports.

這條2000公里(1250英里)的步道從坎特伯雷開(kāi)始，終點(diǎn)羅馬，途經(jīng)英國(guó)、法國(guó)、瑞士和意大利。它蜿蜒穿過(guò)鄉(xiāng)村，穿過(guò)城市和村莊。它沿著騾子的足跡和鵝卵石街道，沿著葡萄園和港口攀越高山。

In the U.K., the trail passes along the coast of Dover. (Photo: Dinko G Kyuchukov/Shutterstock.com)

The Via Francigena — which means "the road that comes from France" — meanders through beautiful areas such as the Alps and Tuscany. It crosses places of historic and cultural significance such as World War I battlefields and the Champagne wine region in France. And it ends, as they say, like all roads, leading to the ancient city of Rome.

弗朗西格納大道——意為“來(lái)自法國(guó)的道路”——蜿蜒穿過(guò)阿爾卑斯山和托斯卡納等美麗的地區(qū)。它跨越了具有歷史和文化意義的地方，如第一次世界大戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)和法國(guó)的香檳產(chǎn)區(qū)。正如人們所說(shuō)，這條路的盡頭就像所有的路一樣，通向古城羅馬。

The port city of Calais is the first major stop in France. (Photo: ID-VIDEO/Shutterstock)

The trail is open to walkers and bikers.

這條小路對(duì)步行者和騎自行車(chē)的人開(kāi)放。

If you choose to walk the whole path, it will take some time. It's estimated that it will take about 100 days if you walk between 8 and 19 miles (14-30 kilometers) each day. Experienced cyclists should be able to complete the trail in an estimated 44 days at a pace of about 17 to 45 miles (27-27 kilometers) per day.

如果你選擇走完整條路，那將需要一些時(shí)間。如果你每天步行8 - 19英里(14-30公里)，估計(jì)需要100天。有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的騎行者應(yīng)該能夠以每天17 - 45英里(27-27公里)的速度在大約44天內(nèi)完成這條路線。

The path goes through the vineyard areas of Reims, France. (Photo: Southtownboy Studio/Shutterstock)

Before starting the route, hikers can apply for a pilgrim's passport. These documents allow access to special low-cost accommodations and meals along the way, often in unusual places like monasteries. Hikers get their passports stamped at each stop for a record of their travels.

在開(kāi)始旅行前，徒步旅行者可以申請(qǐng)朝圣者的護(hù)照。這些文件允許人們?cè)诼猛局邢硎芴厥獾牡统杀臼乘?，通常是在修道院等不尋常的地方。徒步旅行者在每一站都要在護(hù)照上蓋章，以記錄他們的旅行。

This was along the way between Yverdon-les-Bains and Orbe in Switzerland. (Photo: Alain Rouiller [CC BY-SA 2.0]/Flickr)

Some argue that only those in need or those making a spiritual journey should use these advantages reserved for pilgrims.

一些人認(rèn)為，只有那些有需要的人或那些進(jìn)行精神旅程的人才應(yīng)該利用這些為朝圣者保留的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

"I long ago gave up trying to define who is and who is not a true pilgrim," Brian Mooney, chairman of the Confraternity of Pilgrims to Rome, a Britain-based group that promotes pilgrimages, told The New York Times. "As far as I am concerned, anyone who walks an ancient pilgrim route is ipso facto a pilgrim — regardless of their religion, motive or means."

“我很久以前就放棄了界定誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)不是真正的朝圣者的想法，”總部位于英國(guó)、旨在促進(jìn)朝圣的團(tuán)體“羅馬朝圣互幫會(huì)”主席布賴(lài)恩·穆尼告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》。“在我看來(lái)，任何走古代朝圣路線的人都是事實(shí)上的朝圣者——不管他們的宗教、動(dòng)機(jī)或手段。”

But he added that he frowns on well-to-do travelers checking in to hospitable monasteries.

但他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，他對(duì)富裕的旅行者在熱情好客的修道院登記入住表示不滿。

"I just draw the line at prosperous pilgrims, whether believers or secular, in exploiting religious hospitality for a subsidized holiday," he said.

他說(shuō):“我只是對(duì)那些富裕的朝圣者劃一條界線，不管他們是信教的還是世俗的，他們都利用宗教熱情來(lái)享受假日補(bǔ)貼。”

The path can meander in the woods, in towns or next to the road, like here from Orsie?res to Martigny in Switzerland. (Photo: Alain Rouiller [CC BY-SA 2.0]/Flickr)

The historical trail is nowhere near as well known as the Spain's famous Camino de Santiago pilgrimage walk, which sees an estimated 240,000 or more pilgrims each year. Instead, the Via Francigena had an estimated 25,000 pilgrims walk at least part of the trail in 2015, according to the European Association of the Via Francigena, reports The New York Times.

這條歷史古道遠(yuǎn)不如著名的西班牙圣地亞哥朝圣路著名，每年大約有24萬(wàn)或更多的朝圣者。相反，據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，據(jù)歐洲佛朗基納河協(xié)會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2015年，估計(jì)有2.5萬(wàn)名朝圣者至少步行了部分路程。

The trail crosses the River Po in Piacenza, Italy. (Photo: Federico Giarruso/Shutterstock)

Because the entire trail takes about three months, many people choose instead to only walk parts of it. Popular sections include walking in Tuscany, walking to St. Bernard's Pass in Switzerland, or the last part of the trail walking into Rome.

因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)步道大約需要三個(gè)月的時(shí)間，許多人選擇只走其中的一部分。最受歡迎的部分包括在托斯卡納漫步，步行到瑞士的圣伯納德山口，或步行到羅馬的最后一段步道。

The trail goes through countryside and towns, like this one in Tuscany. (Photo: Luca Casartelli [CC BY-SA 2.0]/Flickr)

As it says on the official site: "Take the first step on the way to Rome. It doesn't matter where you start, nor does being a great athlete matter. The Via Francigena is for everyone."

正如它在官方網(wǎng)站上所說(shuō):“邁出去羅馬的第一步。”你從哪里開(kāi)始并不重要，成為一名偉大的運(yùn)動(dòng)員也不重要。Via Francigena適合所有人。”

The trail ends in Rome. (Photo: Luca Casartelli [CC BY-SA 2.0]/Flickr)