在反vax的錯(cuò)誤信息之后，英國(guó)腮腺炎病例達(dá)到了十年來(lái)的最高水平

在反vax的錯(cuò)誤信息之后，英國(guó)腮腺炎病例達(dá)到了十年來(lái)的最高水平

Mumps is making a major comeback in England, with some of the highest numbers of cases in a decade. While the reasons behind the increase are complex, experts are saying the resurgence has a clear link with misinformation about vaccinations and the bitter legacy of disgraced doctor Andrew Wakefield.

腮腺炎正在英國(guó)卷土重來(lái)，病例的數(shù)量達(dá)到了十年來(lái)的最高水平。盡管增長(zhǎng)背后的原因很復(fù)雜，但專家們表示，疫苗接種的錯(cuò)誤信息，以及名譽(yù)掃地的醫(yī)生安德魯·韋克菲爾德留下的痛苦遺產(chǎn)，與這種復(fù)蘇有著明顯的聯(lián)系。

Preliminary data from Public Health England (PHE) shows there were 5,042 confirmed cases of mumps in England in 2019, compared to just 1,066 cases in 2018. It’s a trend that’s set to continue too, with 546 confirmed cases in January 2020 compared to 191 in January 2019.

英國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生(PHE)的初步數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2019年英國(guó)有5042例腮腺炎確診病例，而2018年只有1066例。這一趨勢(shì)還將繼續(xù)，2020年1月確診病例為546例，而2019年1月為191例。

Tom Hale

Mumps is a viral infection that causes symptoms such as fever, muscle pain, and a headache. This is usually followed by painful swelling of the salivary glands, causing the face to balloon up. It can also cause serious complications, such as male infertility, meningitis, and deafness. The infection can be prevented through two doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. While the mumps component of the shot is less effective than the others and protection is known to wear off, the illness is usually much less severe in vaccinated people.

腮腺炎是一種病毒感染，會(huì)引起發(fā)燒、肌肉疼痛和頭痛等癥狀。這通常伴隨著唾液腺的疼痛腫脹，導(dǎo)致面部腫脹。它還會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥，如男性不育、腦膜炎和耳聾。這種感染可以通過(guò)兩劑麻疹、腮腺炎和風(fēng)疹(MMR)疫苗來(lái)預(yù)防。盡管疫苗中的腮腺炎成分不如其他成分有效，而且已知其保護(hù)作用會(huì)逐漸消失，但這種疾病在接種疫苗的人群中通常要輕得多。

PHE says most of the recent cases have emerged from outbreaks in universities and colleges among young adults who missed out on the MMR jab in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Likely by no coincidence, Andrew Wakefield released his "fraudulent" study that falsely linked the MMR vaccine to the onset of autism in 1998. The paper has since been dubbed "the most damaging medical hoax of the last 100 years" and has been retracted from the journal it was originally published in.

公共衛(wèi)生部門說(shuō)，最近的大多數(shù)病例出現(xiàn)在大學(xué)和學(xué)院里的年輕人中，他們?cè)?0世紀(jì)90年代末和21世紀(jì)初錯(cuò)過(guò)了接種MMR疫苗?？赡懿⒎乔珊系氖?，Andrew Wakefield在1998年發(fā)表了他的“欺騙性”研究，錯(cuò)誤地將MMR疫苗與自閉癥的發(fā)病聯(lián)系起來(lái)。這篇論文被稱為“過(guò)去100年來(lái)最具破壞性的醫(yī)學(xué)騙局”，并已從最初發(fā)表的期刊上撤回。

While the findings of this paper have been wholly debunked, the study resulted in a slump in vaccination rates in many countries and helped spawn the “anti-vax” movement. As this resurgence shows, we are still feeling the fallout of the “Wakefield effect”.

盡管這篇論文的發(fā)現(xiàn)完全被揭穿了，但這項(xiàng)研究導(dǎo)致許多國(guó)家的疫苗接種率大幅下降，并幫助催生了“反vax”運(yùn)動(dòng)。正如這次復(fù)蘇所顯示的，我們?nèi)匀桓惺苤?ldquo;韋克菲爾德效應(yīng)”的余波。

“Many of the people who are developing mumps now were due to have the vaccine when the scare about MMR was at its height," commented Dr David Elliman, Consultant in Community Child Health.

社區(qū)兒童健康顧問(wèn)David Elliman博士評(píng)論道:“當(dāng)MMR恐慌達(dá)到頂峰時(shí)，許多腮腺炎患者本應(yīng)接種疫苗。”

Mumps is not the only preventable disease on the increase again. Scarlet fever, whooping cough, and gout might sound like archaic diseases from Victorian London, but they are also experiencing a notable resurgence in the UK. Many parts of the world are also undergoing a meteoric rise of measles cases too. Once again, the causes of this are multi-faceted and complicated, but measles epidemics in western countries are often closely associated with anti-vaccination misinformation.

腮腺炎并不是唯一可以預(yù)防的疾病。猩紅熱、百日咳和痛風(fēng)聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是維多利亞時(shí)代倫敦的古老疾病，但它們?cè)谟?guó)也有顯著的復(fù)蘇。世界上許多地方也正在經(jīng)歷麻疹病例的迅速增加。再一次，造成這種情況的原因是多方面和復(fù)雜的，但在西方國(guó)家，麻疹流行往往與反疫苗接種的錯(cuò)誤信息密切相關(guān)。

“The rise in mumps cases is alarming and yet another example of the long-term damage caused by anti-vax information,” Matt Hancock, the UK Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, said in a statement.

英國(guó)衛(wèi)生和社會(huì)保健大臣馬特·漢考克在一份聲明中說(shuō):“腮腺炎病例的增加令人擔(dān)憂，這是反vax信息所造成的長(zhǎng)期損害的又一個(gè)例子。”

“Science proves that vaccines are the best form of defence against a host of potentially deadly diseases and are safer and more effective than ever before," Hancock added. "Those who claim otherwise are risking people’s lives.”

漢考克補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“科學(xué)證明，疫苗是抵御一系列潛在致命疾病的最佳方式，比以往任何時(shí)候都更安全、更有效。”“那些不這么說(shuō)的人是在拿人民的生命冒險(xiǎn)。”