英語世界文摘:5 Things to Know About 5G

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5 Things to Know About 5G

關(guān)于5G，你不得不知的5件事

By Karissa Bell

文/卡麗莎·貝爾

Slowly but surely, we’re moving closer and closer to the super-connected, ultra-fast, 5G world tech companies have been promising us for years.

眾多科技公司多年來為我們所描繪的超互聯(lián)、超快速的5G時(shí)代正一步一步向我們走近，雖然速度緩慢，但它終將到來。

Here’s what you need to know about the state of 5G right now.

接下來就談?wù)勀阈枰私獾?G時(shí)代。

1. It’s really, really fast

1. 它的確超快

Okay, it sounds obvious, but it’s important to understand just how much faster 5G is compared to current 4G LTE speeds. 5G will not only be many, many times faster than your existing LTE connection, it will be significantly faster than the broadband connection you have at home.

這樣說似乎是老生常談，但我們非常有必要了解，與現(xiàn)行的4G的LTE網(wǎng)絡(luò)制式相比，5G到底有多快。5G不僅比你現(xiàn)在的LTE連接快很多很多倍，而且它還會(huì)大大超過家里的寬帶連接速度。

To put that in perspective, the fastest 4G download speeds in the U.S. top out at an average of 19.42 Mbps, according to OpenSignal. 5G, by comparison, promises gigabit speeds.

客觀地說，據(jù)全球移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量測(cè)評(píng)機(jī)構(gòu)開信的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國(guó)最快的4G平均下載速度高達(dá)19.42Mbps。相比之下，5G將會(huì)達(dá)到千兆速度。

Qualcomm’s first 5G modem, the Snapdragon X50, supports speeds up to 5 gigabits per second. That’s more than 257 times faster than the average speed of the fastest LTE network in the United States.

美國(guó)高通公司的首款5G調(diào)制解調(diào)器驍龍X50支持每秒5千兆速度。這比美國(guó)最快的LTE網(wǎng)絡(luò)的平均速度還要快257倍。

Most of us have never experienced anything close to speeds that fast – even Google Fiber tops out at 1 Gbps. And we’re only talking about the first generation of 5G modems. Future chips will likely be even faster.

我們大多數(shù)人還從未真正體驗(yàn)過這種速度，因?yàn)楣雀韫饫w最快也只不過1Gbps。而我們談?wù)摰膬H僅是第一代5G調(diào)制解調(diào)器，未來的芯片很可能會(huì)更快。

2. But... it’s not just about speed

2. 但它不只是速度超快

It’s not all about speed though. Yes, 5G networks will bring blazing fast data connections, but they also enable much more than that.

5G并非只是速度超快而已。的確，5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)將帶來極速的數(shù)據(jù)連接，但其功能還遠(yuǎn)不止于此。

Part of the appeal of 5G is that it also brings much higher capacity to mobile networks, meaning that networks will be able to support many more data connections than what was previously possible. Have you ever been to a large event where your data connection slowed down or stopped working? That’s because 4G networks can only support so many devices before being overloaded.

5G的部分吸引力在于它還為移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來了更大的容量，這意味著網(wǎng)絡(luò)將能支持比以前多數(shù)倍的數(shù)據(jù)連接。你是否遭遇過數(shù)據(jù)連接遲緩或斷網(wǎng)等煩心事？那是因?yàn)?G網(wǎng)絡(luò)超載了，因?yàn)槠淠軌蛑С值臄?shù)據(jù)設(shè)備有限。

But 5G networks have a much higher capacity. They’re required to be able to support up to a million devices per square kilometer, according to the International Telecommunications Union’s standards.

但5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)的容量更大。根據(jù)國(guó)際電信聯(lián)盟的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它每平方公里能夠支持100萬臺(tái)設(shè)備。

In addition, 5G is a huge upgrade over 4G when it comes to latency, or the amount of time it takes for data to be transmitted. Because 5G networks support extremely low-latency connections, devices will be able to communicate much faster than previously possible.

此外，相比4G，5G在減少數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)难舆t或耗時(shí)方面也有重大升級(jí)。由于5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持極低延遲的連接，這將大大加快設(shè)備的通信速度。

Which brings us to…

這將帶給我們……

3. 5G isn’t just for phones

3. 5G不光適用于手機(jī)

Put all this together and you begin to understand why 5G is such a big deal – and not just for the smartphone industry. It has huge implications for just about every connected device.

結(jié)合以上這些因素，你就會(huì)逐步明白5G為何如此重要，不但對(duì)智能手機(jī)行業(yè)，而且對(duì)所有連接設(shè)備都會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大影響。

The technology will be essential for self-driving cars, which will need to be able to communicate with the world around them as quickly as possible. Lower latency and higher capacity means that cars will actually be able to communicate with their surrounding environment fast enough to enable them to actually be fully autonomous.

這項(xiàng)技術(shù)對(duì)于自動(dòng)駕駛汽車尤為重要，因?yàn)樗枰谧疃痰臅r(shí)間內(nèi)了解其周圍環(huán)境。較低的延遲和較高的容量意味著汽車能夠超快地了解四周環(huán)境，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)完完全全的自動(dòng)駕駛。

Consumer tech like wearables, virtual reality headsets, PCs, and smart home devices will all dramatically improve as well, thanks to 5G. Even day-today tasks like checking social media or initiating a video call could drastically change.

借助5G，可穿戴設(shè)備、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)耳機(jī)、電腦和智能家居設(shè)備等消費(fèi)類技術(shù)也將大幅改善。即使是查看社交媒體或發(fā)起視頻通話這類日常行為也可能發(fā)生巨大變化。

4. It won’t be cheap

4. 其價(jià)格不會(huì)便宜

The downside of all this, at least initially, will be all that extra speed is likely to come at a higher cost. Sprint’s CEO expects to jack up the price of unlimited data plans by as much as $20 to $30 for 5G.

至少在初始，5G的缺點(diǎn)會(huì)是其超快的速度可能伴隨著更高的成本。美國(guó)斯普瑞特公司的首席執(zhí)行官表示，預(yù)計(jì)5G無限流量套餐的價(jià)格將上漲20至30美元。

Other carriers haven’t commented on specific pricing yet, but, as others have pointed out, data costs have historically climbed as network speeds increase and there’s little reason to think that trend won’t continue for the foreseeable future.

其他運(yùn)營(yíng)商尚未對(duì)具體價(jià)格提出定論，但正如其他運(yùn)營(yíng)商所指出的那樣，隨著網(wǎng)速的提升，數(shù)據(jù)成本也一直在大幅攀升，所以有理由相信這種趨勢(shì)在可預(yù)見的未來還會(huì)持續(xù)。

It’s not all bad news, though. Companies like Qualcomm say they’re optimistic data prices will come down in the long run due to the sheer number of new devices that will be coming online once 5G starts to roll out. But it’s impossible to say how long that transition could take.

但也并非只有壞消息。高通等公司則樂觀地表示，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看，數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)格將呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì)，原因就在于一旦5G技術(shù)推出，將有大量新型設(shè)備上線。但是這一轉(zhuǎn)變過程到底需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間則難以預(yù)計(jì)。

5. We’re not quite there yet

5. 5G的到來還需要時(shí)日

Though we’ve seen a lot of positive progress just in the last year, we still have a long way to go before 5G is anywhere near as pervasive as 4G is right now. Carriers and hardware companies are only just beginning to make commitments for 2019.

盡管去年我們看到了許多積極進(jìn)展，但要使5G像當(dāng)下的4G一樣普及，還有很長(zhǎng)的一段路要走。運(yùn)營(yíng)商和硬件公司剛剛承諾，5G將于2019年推出。

But most in the industry agree that 2020 is the earliest 5G will even begin to touch most consumers. And even then, early 5G networks could come with their fair share of growing pains – like inconsistent coverage or negative effects on battery life.

但多數(shù)業(yè)內(nèi)人士一致認(rèn)為，5G向大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者普及的時(shí)間最早也要到2020年。即便如此，早期的5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)也可能會(huì)遭遇發(fā)展中的困難，如連接中斷或?qū)﹄姵貕勖斐傻呢?fù)面影響等。

（譯者單位：天津理工大學(xué)）