讀點(diǎn)好英文:Nature 自然

Nature 自然

Ralph Waldo Emerson

To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and what he touches. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night come out these envoys of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile.

The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression, when the mind is open to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance. Neither does the wisest man extort her secret, and lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals, the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood. When we speak of nature in this manner, we have a distinct but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects. It is this which distinguishes the stick of timber of the wood-cutter, from the tree of the poet. The charming landscape which I saw this morning, is indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of these men's farms, yet to this their warranty-deeds give no title. To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child. The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. His intercourse with heaven and earth, becomes part of his daily food. In the presence of nature, a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. Nature says, he is my creature, and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me. Not the sun or the summer alone, but every hour and season yields its tribute of delight; for every hour and change corresponds to and authorizes a different state of the mind, from breathless noon to grimmest midnight. Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece.

自然

［美］拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛(ài)默生

一個(gè)想要追求孤獨(dú)的人，不但要離開(kāi)自己的臥室，還要離開(kāi)社會(huì)。在我閱讀和寫(xiě)作之時(shí)，盡管無(wú)人相伴，可我沒(méi)有覺(jué)得孤獨(dú)。然而，假如有誰(shuí)用盡心思追求孤獨(dú)，那就讓他抬頭凝望星空吧。那來(lái)自天國(guó)的光芒，能在他和他生活的天地之間分出一條界限。你也許會(huì)認(rèn)為，如此的構(gòu)想簡(jiǎn)直太棒了：空曠遼闊的大地之上，人們抬頭仰視星空，仿佛從中領(lǐng)悟到某種崇高的永恒。從城市的街道看過(guò)去，那種場(chǎng)面的確令人恭敬！假設(shè)天上的星星一千年才出現(xiàn)一次，可想而知他們會(huì)對(duì)這上蒼的顯圣該是何等的崇敬，又該是如何仔細(xì)地將它收藏進(jìn)記憶里好流芳百世?。≈豢上?，這些美的使者夜夜都會(huì)帶著勸誡式的微笑降臨，將光輝普照整個(gè)宇宙。

星星使我們產(chǎn)生敬畏之心，不是因?yàn)樗３８邞矣诳罩?，而是因?yàn)樗目赏豢杉?。然而，只要擁有一顆包容的心，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)世間萬(wàn)物和人類(lèi)其實(shí)都是心靈相通的。自然從不把它吝嗇的一面顯露出來(lái)，頂尖聰明之人也不會(huì)強(qiáng)求打開(kāi)它全部的奧秘，而會(huì)保留好奇之心去探尋它所有的完美之處。在智者看來(lái)，自然永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)是一個(gè)玩物。鮮花、動(dòng)物、山脈——折射出他們的純真童年——也是他最高智慧的體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)我們以這種方式來(lái)談?wù)撟匀粫r(shí)，頭腦中自然會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種清晰而又極富詩(shī)意的畫(huà)面，這種畫(huà)面是世間萬(wàn)物在我們的印象中留下印跡的總和。也正是在這種印象的指引下，才會(huì)有伐木工手中的是木頭，而詩(shī)人筆下卻是大樹(shù)的區(qū)別。今天早上我所看到的那一片令人陶醉的景色，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)它是由二三十個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)組成的。米勒占有這一塊土地，洛克是那一片田野的主人，樹(shù)林外面的那一片則歸曼寧所有……可是，他們誰(shuí)都不能擁有這片風(fēng)景。遠(yuǎn)處有一塊土地，誰(shuí)也不能將其劃在自己的名下，唯有那個(gè)又能看見(jiàn)土地又看得見(jiàn)風(fēng)景的人，才是它真正的主人，而詩(shī)人正符合這樣的要求。這個(gè)地方是農(nóng)場(chǎng)主所有財(cái)產(chǎn)中最值錢(qián)的一部分，但按照他們的擔(dān)保契約卻并不是這樣。坦誠(chéng)講，現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有多少成年人能真正看得見(jiàn)自然了。大多數(shù)人都不看太陽(yáng)，至少，只是膚淺地看。對(duì)成人而言，太陽(yáng)只照亮了他們的眼睛，對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，太陽(yáng)卻照進(jìn)了他們的眼睛與心靈。一個(gè)自然愛(ài)好者，他外在的知覺(jué)和內(nèi)心的感觸是相互和諧的，甚至在他成年以后，依然擁有一顆童心。在他看來(lái)，與天地的接觸，是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，只要身處大自然中，不管生活中遭遇多大的悲痛，但內(nèi)心總會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大的快樂(lè)。大自然說(shuō)，他是我的杰作，不管他有多少?zèng)]有緣由的悲傷，他都會(huì)同我一起快樂(lè)。自然賦予給我們不僅僅是陽(yáng)光、夏日、四季的變換，她每時(shí)每刻都在給予我們快樂(lè)與欣喜。這是因?yàn)?，每一刻、每一個(gè)變化，不管是壓抑的中午還是黑暗的午夜，都意味著一種別樣的心情。在自然的舞臺(tái)上，不僅能上演喜劇，也能烘托悲劇。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)提升

Practising & Exercise

導(dǎo)讀

拉爾夫·瓦爾多·愛(ài)默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson），美國(guó)著名散文作家、思想家、詩(shī)人?！墩撐募窞閻?ài)默生贏(yíng)得了極高的聲譽(yù)，他的思想被稱(chēng)為超驗(yàn)主義的核心，他本人則被冠以“美國(guó)的文藝復(fù)興領(lǐng)袖”之美譽(yù)。

作者在該文中置身于自然之中，拋開(kāi)了塵世的虛榮和紛爭(zhēng)，進(jìn)入理想的境界。在藝術(shù)上作者采用內(nèi)心獨(dú)白的表述，語(yǔ)言親切自然、感情真摯。文章情景交融、充滿(mǎn)詩(shī)情畫(huà)意，給人精神上美的享受。

核心單詞

retire [ri?tai?] v. 退休；退役

perpetual [p??petju?l] adj. 永久的；長(zhǎng)期的

manifold [?m?nif?uld] adj. 各式各樣的；種種的

illuminate [i?lju?mineit] v. 照亮；照射

maugre [?m??ɡ?(r)] prep. 【古】盡管

翻譯

To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society.

Neither does the wisest man extort her secret, and lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection.

To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature.