Family 美國(guó)家庭

"Please pass the turkey and dressing." What does this simple request make you think about? If you are an American, you think about Thanksgiving. A turkey dinner symbolizes Thanksgiving for Americans. What does Thanksgiving remind Americans of? Their families. Thanksgiving is a family time. On this holiday, families gather to gobble up the gobbler and stuff themselves with stuffing. Family members enjoy watching parades and football games on TV and just being together. What does "family" mean to Americans?

　　「請(qǐng)將火雞與配料遞給我?！惯@個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的請(qǐng)求令你想起什么？如果你是美國(guó)人，你會(huì)想到感恩節(jié)。對(duì)美國(guó)人而言，火雞大餐象征感恩節(jié)。感恩節(jié)提醒了美國(guó)人哪些事情呢？--他們的家人。感恩節(jié)是家人聚集的時(shí)間，在這個(gè)節(jié)日，家人聚在一起對(duì)著火雞以及雞腹中的調(diào)味材料大快朵頤；家人享受一起看游行、看足球比賽的電視轉(zhuǎn)播以及同聚的時(shí)光。到底家庭對(duì)于美國(guó)人的意義是什么？

　　The traditional American family is a "nuclear family." A nuclear family refers to a husband and wife and their children. The average American family today has two or three children (and maybe a few pets). In some cultures, people live close to their extended family. Several generations may even live together. In America, only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof.

　　傳統(tǒng)的美國(guó)家庭被稱(chēng)為「核心家庭」。核心家庭包含了先生、太太和小孩子，今日美國(guó)的一般家庭有二個(gè)或三個(gè)小孩（或者再加上幾只寵物）。在一些文化里，大家庭住在一起，甚至好幾代的人同住。在美國(guó)，只有極少的情況下才會(huì)有超過(guò)一個(gè)家庭同住一個(gè)屋檐下。

　　American values receive a warm welcome in the home. Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality often exists in American homes. Instead of fearing Mom and Dad, children may think of them as good friends. Husbands and wives often share household chores. In many cases, a child can enjoy privacy in his or her own bedroom. From an early age, children gain responsibility in handling money. They may receive a weekly allowance or even work part-time jobs. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions. Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear or which toys to buy. Young adults generally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry.

　　美國(guó)人看重對(duì)家人回家時(shí)熱誠(chéng)的歡迎。許多家庭用民主政治般的方式來(lái)治理，家中每個(gè)人都有發(fā)言權(quán)利，公平觀念廣泛存在于美國(guó)的家庭當(dāng)中；除了敬畏之情外，孩子們也將父母親當(dāng)成好朋友，夫婦經(jīng)常彼此共同分擔(dān)家務(wù)；許多家庭的孩子在自己的臥室內(nèi)享有隱私權(quán)；孩子們?cè)诤苄〉臅r(shí)候便有理財(cái)?shù)呢?zé)任，他們可能每個(gè)禮拜會(huì)有零用錢(qián)或是出去打工；父母親常會(huì)給孩子們自己做決定的自由，學(xué)齡前的孩子可以自己選擇穿什衣服或買(mǎi)什么玩具，青年人則可自由選擇職業(yè)及結(jié)婚的對(duì)象。

　　Families in America, like those in every culture, face many problems. Social pressures are breaking apart more and more American homes. Over half of U.S. marriages now end in divorce. More than one in four American children are growing up in single-parent homes. As a result, many people believe the American family is in trouble.

　　正如許多其它文化一樣，美國(guó)的家庭也面對(duì)許多問(wèn)題。社會(huì)的壓力正將愈來(lái)愈多的美國(guó)家庭解體?，F(xiàn)在，超過(guò)半數(shù)以上的婚姻在美國(guó)是以離婚做結(jié)束；每四個(gè)小孩中就有超過(guò)一位是由單親養(yǎng)育長(zhǎng)大的，它的結(jié)果是造成了許多人相信美國(guó)家庭有麻煩了。

　　Even so, there is still reason for hope. Many organizations are working hard to strengthen families. Americans almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life. The vast majority also feel that the traditional two-parent family is best for children. They realize that problems in family life in recent years have brought about serious consequences. As a result, more and more people are making their family a priority. Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children. Families are going on vacations and outings together. Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their marriages solid.

　　即使如此，還是有盼望。許多機(jī)構(gòu)正努力鞏固家庭。幾乎所有的美國(guó)人都相信家庭是生命中最重要的一部份。大多數(shù)人也認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)雙親式的家庭對(duì)小孩子是最好的。他們明白近來(lái)家庭生活的問(wèn)題，已帶來(lái)了許多嚴(yán)重的結(jié)果。所以，愈來(lái)愈多的人將家庭視為第一優(yōu)先。許多婦女辭去工作在家陪孩子。全家人一起渡假或出去玩，丈夫與妻子一起集中心力使婚姻穩(wěn)固。

　　The United Nations has declared 1994 the "International Year of the Family." Not just in America, but all over the world, people recognize the importance of strong families. How do you strengthen the family bond? Do special things for each other. Talk to each other. Play together. Spend time together. Oh, and one more thing: be thankful for each other. If you have a family, every day should be Thanksgiving.

　　聯(lián)合國(guó)已宣布一九九四年為國(guó)際家庭年。不止是在美國(guó)，全世界的人都明白一個(gè)穩(wěn)固的家庭的重要性。你如何堅(jiān)固你的家庭呢？為彼此做些特別的事情，一起聊天，一起玩，花時(shí)間在一起。喔！還有一件事情：對(duì)彼此懷著感恩之心，如果你有家庭，每天都應(yīng)是感恩節(jié)。