釣魚島的歷史 History of the DiaoyuIslands

History of the DiaoyuIslands

The Diaoyu Islands, located in theEast China Sea between China and Japan, have belonged to Chinasince ancient times. The islands are 120 nautical miles northeastof China’s Taiwan Province, 200 nautical miles east of China’smainland and 200 nautical miles west of Japan’s southernmost islandOkinawa.

釣魚島位于中日之間的中國(guó)東海，自古以來就屬于中國(guó)。釣魚島及其附屬島嶼位于中國(guó)臺(tái)灣省東北120海里，中國(guó)大陸東側(cè)200海里，日本最南端的沖繩島以西200海里。

Geologically the islands are attachedto Taiwan. The waters around the islands are 100 to 150 meters deepand there is a 2,000-meter-deep oceanic trench between the islandsand Japans’ Okinawa Islands. Fishermen from China’s Taiwan, Fujianand other provinces conducted activities such as fishing andcollecting herbs in the area for millennia.

從地理上講，釣魚島隸屬臺(tái)灣。該島附近水域水深100至150米，與日本琉球島之間有2000米深的海溝。中國(guó)臺(tái)灣、福建以及其他省份的漁民數(shù)千年來都在這一海域進(jìn)行捕魚和采集海草作業(yè)。

The islands have appeared on China’smaps since the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). There are records notingthe islands in a book published during the rule of Emperor Yongle(1403-24) in the Ming Dynasty, more than 400 years before Japanclaimed discovery of the Diaoyu Islands in 1884. After the MingDynasty, the islands were recorded in many historical documents. Ona map published by Japan between 1783 and 1785, marking theboundary of the Ryukyu Kingdom, the Diaoyu Islands were shown asbelonging to China.

釣魚島在明朝(1368-1644)就已經(jīng)在中國(guó)地圖上得到標(biāo)注。在明朝永樂年間出版的書籍也對(duì)釣魚島有記載，這比日本在1884年聲稱發(fā)現(xiàn)了釣魚島早了400多年。明朝以后，釣魚島及其附屬島嶼在許多歷史文獻(xiàn)中都有所記載。在1783年至1785年間日本出版的地圖上標(biāo)注有琉球過的邊界，釣魚島被標(biāo)注為中國(guó)領(lǐng)土。

Japan never questions China’ssovereignty over the islands until the Sino-Japanese War of1894-95. In Aprial 1895, the Government of the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911) was forced to signthe Treaty of Shimonoseki,under which China ceded the whole island to Taiwan and itssurrounding islands, including the Penghu Archipelago, to Japan.Only since then has Japan had its own name for the area where theDiaoyu Islands are located. Before that, Japanese maps marked theislands by their Chinese names.

日本在1894-1895年的中日甲午海戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)之前從未質(zhì)疑對(duì)這些島嶼的國(guó)家主權(quán)。1895年4月，清政府(1644-1911)被迫簽署《馬關(guān)條約》割讓臺(tái)灣島和周邊島嶼，包括澎湖列島給日本。從那時(shí)起，日本給釣魚島起了日本名字。在這之前，日本地圖都是將這些島嶼標(biāo)注為中國(guó)領(lǐng)土。

Japan was occupied by theUnited States after it was defeated in World War II. In 1951, Japanand the United States illegally signed a treaty in San Franciscowithout the presence of China, which was one of the victorcountries in World War II. While Article Two of the treaty saidthat Japan surrendered its claim over Taiwan and the PenghuArchipelago, Article Three assigned the Diaoyu Islands, which Japanhad taken from China, to the Ryukyu zone, which was under U.S.control. Then Chinese Premier Zhou enlai lodged a strong protestand said the Chinese Government would never recognize the SanFrancisco Treaty.

二戰(zhàn)后，日本戰(zhàn)敗被美國(guó)占領(lǐng)。1951年，日本和美國(guó)在沒有中國(guó)這一二戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)勝國(guó)出席的情況下，在舊金山非法簽署《日美安保協(xié)定》。該協(xié)定第二條規(guī)定日本放棄其對(duì)臺(tái)灣和澎湖列島的所有權(quán)，第三條規(guī)定將從占領(lǐng)中國(guó)的釣魚島及其附屬島嶼納入琉球管轄區(qū)，并由美軍控制這一地區(qū)。中國(guó)時(shí)任總理周恩來對(duì)此提出強(qiáng)烈抗議，稱中國(guó)政府永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)承認(rèn)《日美安保協(xié)定》。

In a statement on territorial watersin 1958, the Chinese Government said that Japan should return allthe territory of the People’s Republic of China, including Taiwanand its surrounding islands, to China.

1958年中國(guó)政府對(duì)釣魚島海域提出主權(quán)聲明，要求日本將這些島嶼歸還給中華人民共和國(guó)，包括臺(tái)灣及其周邊島嶼。