托福詞匯題的五種解題思路

　　托福閱讀中有很多直接反義詞，這些詞的前或后出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容會(huì)是很明顯的反義關(guān)系。大家如果不理解的話可以先看一個(gè)中文例子：小王是個(gè)____的人，相反她是一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人。從后面的內(nèi)向可以推出前面應(yīng)該是個(gè)外向之類的詞。所以我們要關(guān)注的就是類似例子中“相反”這樣的直接反義詞，英文里比較常見的有：

　　rather than, instead, unlike, contrast, on the contrary等等。

　　實(shí)例： The main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on hard work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother’s values instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity

　　問題： the word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __

　　A. refuses to accept B. lives up to C. tries to understand D. makes the best of

　　假如repudiates這個(gè)詞大家不認(rèn)識(shí)，那么完全可以從后面的小詞instead這個(gè)詞判定兒子和媽媽的價(jià)值觀念是相反的，根據(jù)這一判斷再看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)只有A選項(xiàng)帶有否定的意味，這道詞匯題就輕松做出來了。

　　2. 通過并列關(guān)系去判定

　　托福閱讀中表示并列關(guān)系的常用詞匯有：

　　and, not only...but also, as…as, both, either...or..., neither...nor...等等。

　　實(shí)例：She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.

　　問題: The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to

　　A. took a trip to B. started out on C. improved upon D. had a opinion about

　　我們可以從前后關(guān)系判定,首先我們看到一個(gè)詞career職業(yè)生涯。我們?cè)谶@句中看到關(guān)健詞and其后出現(xiàn)soon began告訴我們前后方向是一致的，前面也必然和began有關(guān)，所以本題目的正確答案是B。

　　3. 通過解釋詞匯來判斷

　　所謂解釋詞匯，也就是后面的句子或短語詞匯來解釋前面的詞，常見的標(biāo)志詞有:

　　contribute to, be responsible for, account for, since, therefore, because, in which

　　實(shí)例：His big break came with the novel So big(1924) ,which was awarded the Pulitzer in literature.

　　問題： the word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___

　　A. rupture B. revelation C. opportunity D. rest

　　which was awarded the Pulitzer in Literature告訴我們一定考查的是正態(tài)度，所以答案不可能是A或D，應(yīng)該選C Opportunity，代表一種有利的狀態(tài)或合適的時(shí)機(jī)。

　　4. 從動(dòng)賓關(guān)系判斷

　　托福閱讀詞匯題還有這種做法，就是看看賓語能否和動(dòng)詞搭配，考生可以從動(dòng)詞短語搭配去做判斷。

　　實(shí)例：The oxidation of exhaust gases is one of primary sources of the world’s pollutions. The brown haze that is poised over some of the world’s largest cities is properly called photochemical smog.

　　The word poised in this sentence is closest in meaning to__

　　A. interacting B. sitting C. blowing D. poisoning

　　首先從搭配關(guān)系上可以排除interacting ,因?yàn)閕nteract的搭配是with。然后可以從上下文關(guān)系排除blowing，因?yàn)閎low over就吹走了不會(huì)有smog。同時(shí)D選項(xiàng)的poisoning在作為及物動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候才有pollute的含義，替換到本句中式不及物的用法只有一種含義表示投毒也不符合，所以選B。

　　5. 形容詞修飾名詞關(guān)系判定

　　不是每個(gè)形容詞都可以修飾所有的名詞。這就好比很少會(huì)有人去說一個(gè)隊(duì)伍排得很粗，而一般都隊(duì)伍排得很長，哪怕有很多人插隊(duì)造成了隊(duì)伍看上去很粗的感覺。

　　實(shí)例：When the gas reaches the air, it comes into contact with available oxygen from atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (No2),which is a gas with a brownish hue.

　　The word hue in this sentence is closest in meaning to

　　A. color B. odor C. thickness D. smoke

　　對(duì)于本題你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有個(gè)小詞brownish呈褐色的，首先從形容詞修飾名詞關(guān)系可以直接排除B odor和C thickness，其次可以通過a gas with brownish hue前面的gas排除D選項(xiàng)smoke，用詞重復(fù)。所以正確答案是A。