雙語：小孩子穿著性感會(huì)造成能力和品德低下

Preteen girls who dress in sexualized clothing are judged as less competent and less moral than kids in age-appropriate garb, new research finds.
新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些穿性感衣服的十三歲以下的小女孩被認(rèn)為在能力和品德上都不如那些穿適合自己年齡衣服的小孩。

Earlier studies have found that adult women who dress in revealing clothing are seen as less competent than women who are more buttoned-up. One study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in November even found that scantily clad men suffer similar judgment.
早先的研究就已發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們認(rèn)為穿著暴露的成年女性不如那些衣著保守的女性有能力。一項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《個(gè)性與社會(huì)心理學(xué)雜志》11月刊上的研究甚至還發(fā)現(xiàn)，穿著暴露的男性也遭到同樣的成見。

Clothing for young girls has become increasing sexualized, said Sarah Murnen, a social psychologist at Kenyon College in Ohio and the senior author of the new study. Last year, a study by Murnen and colleagues found that 30 percent of children's clothing at major retailers had sexualizing characteristics.
研究報(bào)告的高級作者、美國俄亥俄州肯尼恩學(xué)院的社會(huì)心理學(xué)家莎拉•穆爾嫩說，給小女孩穿的衣服變得越來越性感。去年，穆爾嫩和其同事開展的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大型零售店賣的兒童服裝有30%含性感元素。

The researchers recruited 162 students, 106 of them women, to view photographs of a prepubescent blonde white girl wearing one of three different outfits and rate them on traits such as competence and intelligence. In the "childlike" condition, the girl wore a gray shirt with ruffled sleeves, jeans and Mary Jane-style shoes. In the "ambiguously sexualized" condition, the girl wore a modest-length dress with a leopard-print pattern — a pattern that is often associated with sexy clothes, but is not overtly sexual.
研究人員招募了162名學(xué)生（其中有106名是女性）來觀看一個(gè)金發(fā)白皮膚的青春期前小女孩穿三套不同衣服的照片，并讓他們給小女孩的能力和智力等品質(zhì)打分。在“適合孩子”的情況下，小女孩穿的是袖口打褶的灰色襯衫、牛仔褲和綁帶鞋。在“隱約性感”的情況下，小女孩穿的是一條豹紋的及膝裙，豹紋花案經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在性感衣服中，但這一衣著并沒有過分性感。

In the final condition, the girl wore an obviously sexualized outfit: a very short dress with a leopard-print cardigan and purse.
在最后一種情況下，小女孩穿的是一件顯然十分性感的衣服：一條超短裙搭配一件豹紋開襟絨線衫和手提包。

In some photos, the girl was described as an average fifth-grader who enjoys reading and is a member of the student council. In others, she was described as being a top reader at the top of her class and president of the student council.
在一些照片中，小女孩被描述成一個(gè)喜歡讀書的普通的五年級小學(xué)生和學(xué)生會(huì)成員。在其他照片中，她被描述成班里讀書最好的拔尖學(xué)生和學(xué)生會(huì)主席。

Describing the girl as a higher achiever did prompt people to rate her as more intelligent and capable, as you might expect, Murnen said. But across the board, people's rankings of the girl's capability, competence, determination and intelligence dropped when she wore the obviously sexualizing outfit. They also ranked her as having lower self-respect and less morality than more modestly dressed versions.
穆爾嫩說，正如你所預(yù)料的，把小女孩描述成一個(gè)成績出色的人確實(shí)促使人們對她的智力和能力給出更高的評價(jià)。然而，當(dāng)小女孩穿過分性感的服裝時(shí)，人們對她的才華、能力、決斷力和智力的評價(jià)卻一致下降了，對自尊和品行的評價(jià)也低于她衣著樸素時(shí)的評價(jià)。

In fact, when the researchers asked participants for feedback after the experiment, many were quite aware of their judgments.
事實(shí)上，當(dāng)研究人員在實(shí)驗(yàn)后向參與者尋求反饋時(shí)，許多人對自己的判斷都有清楚的意識。

"I formed my assumptions based on her outfit even after being aware of her accomplishments," one woman wrote.
一名女性寫道：“即使在意識到她的成就后，我還是依據(jù)她的穿著來做出設(shè)想。”

"Seems like a caricature of a Bratz doll," wrote another man, referring to a line of sultry-eyed, mini-skirted fashion dolls. "Overall first impression isn't strong."
另一名男性寫道：“就好像布拉茨娃娃的夸張版”，他指的是一組眼神撩人、穿超短裙的時(shí)裝娃娃。“總的來說第一印象并不好。”