研究：老年人買(mǎi)便宜貨可增強(qiáng)記憶力

Shopping can boost the brainpower of the elderly, researchers have found.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，購(gòu)物能提高老年人的智力。

Duke University scientists found older adults seem to need extra brainpower to make shopping decisions - especially ones that rely on memory.

美國(guó)杜克大學(xué)(Duke University)的科學(xué)家們觀(guān)察到，老年人在作出購(gòu)物決定(尤其是那些要依靠記憶力的決定)時(shí)，似乎需要?jiǎng)佑妙~外的腦力。

To do this, they discovered they use an additional brain area to remember competing consumer products and choose the better one - meaning they don't miss a bargain. Older shoppers use an additional brain area to remember competing consumer products and choose the better one - meaning they don't miss a bargain.

為了作出購(gòu)物決定，老年人會(huì)用一個(gè)額外的大腦區(qū)域去記住各類(lèi)產(chǎn)品，然后從中挑選出最優(yōu)的——這意味著他們不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)任何一件便宜貨。

'The study gives a bright picture, actually,' Nichole Lighthall, who led the research, appearing Nov. 19 in the Journal of Neuroscience.

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表于11月19日的《神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志》(Journal of Neuroscience)。項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人尼科爾·萊特霍爾(Nichole Lighthall)認(rèn)為：“事實(shí)上，此研究能為醫(yī)學(xué)界帶來(lái)一個(gè)明朗的未來(lái)。”

'It suggests that for healthy older adults, even though their memory might not be as good, they can naturally recruit other brain regions that are not typically involved in the task.

'It seems that it allows them to perform at a higher level.'

他說(shuō)：“這項(xiàng)研究表明，對(duì)于健康的老年人來(lái)說(shuō)，即使他們的記憶力略有減退，他們也能輕易調(diào)動(dòng)平時(shí)很少刺激到的大腦區(qū)域。這似乎能讓他們的表現(xiàn)更佳。”

The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) -- a noninvasive technique that indirectly measures changes in brain activity -- to scan the brains of 20 younger adults (25 years old, on average), and 22 older adults (around 70 years old) while the participants viewed pictures of consumer products with star ratings indicating their value, similar to online shopping sites like Amazon.com.

有20位年輕人(平均年齡25歲)和22位老年人(70歲左右)參與了該研究。他們需要瀏覽一些標(biāo)有價(jià)格星級(jí)的商品圖片——類(lèi)似于瀏覽亞馬遜(Amazon.com)等購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站，與此同時(shí)，研究者用功能性磁共振成像技術(shù)(fMRI)掃描他們的大腦。

Participants were asked to 'keep shopping' by navigating from one screen to the next while trying to remember the value for each consumer product they encountered.

參與者的任務(wù)是在一張張圖片被展示時(shí)“不停地購(gòu)買(mǎi)”，同時(shí)還要記住每件商品的價(jià)格。

They then had to select the better of two competing products, such as two different sweaters, based on which was a better value.

之后，參與者要在兩個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)商品中選出較好的一個(gè)，比如在兩件毛衣中選出較有價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)的那件。

Some versions of the task were easy.

For example, participants saw the first product, then the second product, and were asked to select the better one.

In the more challenging trials, participants were shown the first product, and then had to learn about or 'buy' several unrelated items before being shown the second, competing product and making a decision.

當(dāng)兩張競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)品的圖片依次展示時(shí)，這樣的測(cè)試難度不大;但當(dāng)兩張圖片之間插入其他干擾項(xiàng)后，測(cè)試會(huì)更富挑戰(zhàn)性。

Young and old adults made decisions with similar speed and accuracy.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人作決定的速度和準(zhǔn)確度與年輕人不相上下。

In addition to the normal patterns of brain activity, however, older adults used a part of their brain called the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) as memory demand increased.

掃描結(jié)果還顯示，除了大腦活動(dòng)的正常模式外，老年人在需要記憶力時(shí)，會(huì)動(dòng)用他們大腦的另一個(gè)區(qū)域——腹內(nèi)側(cè)前額皮質(zhì)(the ventromedial prefrontal cortex，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)vmPFC)。

The vmPFC is known to be involved in processing risk calculations and it has been shown help people assign values to rewards and emotions.

In this study, the more active the vmPFC was, the better participants performed at the task.

vmPFC在大腦處理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估時(shí)具有重要作用，并且能幫助人們感知獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和情緒。研究表明，該區(qū)域越活躍，參與者在任務(wù)中的表現(xiàn)越好。

The study could point to potential strategies to rehabilitate decision-making deficits in older adults, said Roberto Cabeza, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke, and a member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences.

杜克大學(xué)腦心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)學(xué)教授羅伯托·卡貝扎(Roberto Cabeza)認(rèn)為：研究表明，人們可通過(guò)一些潛在的方法，去治療有決策障礙的老年人。

'For example, future studies could identify the conditions that lead to vmPFC recruitment during decision-making and explore ways of promoting these conditions when older adults make decisions in real life,' Cabeza said.

他說(shuō)：“比如，未來(lái)研究中可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)讓vmPFC活躍的條件，并找出方法去改善老年人的這種條件。”