放開你的方向盤 奧迪自動駕駛汽車初體驗(yàn)
開著一輛自動駕駛汽車是什么感覺?是不是將你的小命交給電腦，讓它指引汽車在高速公路上以每小時70英里的速度行駛?
It will happen to you, maybe not in five years, butdefinitely within 15. You’ll be on the highway and hita button and the car will take over, navigatingthrough slow traffic and allowing you to tap away atyour cell phone or even take a short nap.
你遲早會體會到這種感覺，也許5年內(nèi)還不行，但15年內(nèi)絕對可以。上了高速，你只要按下一個按鈕，汽車就會開啟自動駕駛模式，你可以玩一會兒手機(jī)，甚至睡上一覺。
Well, I’ve experienced it already, in the very first week of 2015, on a 560-mile road trip fromSilicon Valley to Las Vegas. On behalf of Fortune, I was one of five journalists to experience anautonomous car at this advanced level.
2015年的第一個星期，在一段從硅谷前往拉斯維加斯，長達(dá)560英里的旅程中，我體驗(yàn)了一番這種感覺。作為代表《財(cái)富》的記者，我榮幸地成為率先體驗(yàn)一款技術(shù)先進(jìn)的自動駕駛汽車的五名記者之一。
The car was an Audi A7 that looked exactly like any other, if you discounted the special paintjob and the words “Audi Piloted Driving” on the sides. The oddest part was just how quickly Igot used to the car making decisions for me at highway speeds.
除去特殊的涂裝和車身上的“奧迪自動駕駛”字樣，這輛奧迪A7看起來與同型號的其它車輛沒有任何區(qū)別。最奇妙的是，我很快就習(xí)慣了它在高速公速上替我做決定。
All the major automakers are in a race to develop the first fully autonomous car, and if youlisten to some of the companies it sounds as if a robotic chauffeur will be taking over grocery-getting duties any day now. Don’t believe them. Neither the technology nor the laws governingit are anywhere near that point. Your 10-year-old will still need his or her driving license in sixyears unless you plan to pay for Uber rides to the mall well into their 20s.
目前，市面上所有主流汽車廠商都在爭先恐后地開發(fā)首款完全自動駕駛的汽車。在有些廠家的宣傳詞里，好像不久之后“汽車人”就能自動替你去買菜了。別相信他們。不論是在技術(shù)層面還是法律層面，我們離那個目標(biāo)都非常遙遠(yuǎn)。你10歲的孩子六年后還是得考駕照，除非你打算讓他們20多歲時還要通過Uber來叫車載他們?nèi)ド虉觥?/p>
Nonetheless, Volkswagen Group-owned Audi was out to prove that it was ahead of the curve,and invited me to test drive a prototype sedan capable of “level three” autonomoustechnology (see accompanying story for definitions of those levels). The trip began from a hotelin Menlo Park, and I had visions of inputting “Las Vegas” into the navigation system, hittingthe “go” button and kicking back with 1984 on my Kindle as the car whisked me away.
不過，德國大眾集團(tuán)旗下的奧迪公司想要證明他們已經(jīng)在這個領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)先了一步，于是邀請我去試駕一款據(jù)說具備了“第三級”自動駕駛技術(shù)的轎車(這些等級的定義見本文附注)。這趟旅行的起點(diǎn)是門洛帕克市的一家酒店。在我的想象中，我以為只需要在導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)里輸入“拉斯維加斯”，按一個“走你”的按鈕，車子就會載著我飛奔，然后我就可以用Kindle電子書悠閑地看《1984》了。
Not so much. This special prototype can only pilot itself in very specific situations. The basiccriteria: 1) It drives itself only on well-marked freeways during the day and in favorableweather conditions; 2) A driver has to be in the seat at all times and ready to take back controlimmediately in an emergency situation (so no napping); 3) The driver gives up control whilealready on the freeway and takes it back before it’s time to exit.
事實(shí)上并沒有這么簡單。這臺原型車只能在非常特定的情形下才能實(shí)現(xiàn)自動駕駛?；緱l件是：1、它只能在標(biāo)志明顯的高速公路上才能實(shí)現(xiàn)自動駕駛，而且必須是白天，天氣狀況必須良好;2、駕駛員必須始終坐在駕駛座上，隨時準(zhǔn)備在緊急條件下立即轉(zhuǎn)到手動駕駛模式(所以打盹是不可能了);3、只有上了高速，司機(jī)才能開啟自動駕駛，在車子下高速之前，司機(jī)就要重新接管汽車。
Audi engineers says they have done more than 50,000 miles of testing on public roads inAmerica using this self-driving technology. But on this trip they weren’t leaving much to chance.They had run the long, southeastern route through Bakersfield at least six times previously.There were two German engineers in the car at all times. The one in the back had a laptop andwas constantly screening data. The fellow in the right-hand seat paid keen attention to theroad ahead. Disconcertingly, he also had his own gas and brake pedals.
奧迪的工程師表示，他們已經(jīng)利用自動駕駛技術(shù)，在美國的公共道路上行駛了50,000多英里。但在本次旅途中，他們也不敢怠慢，而且已經(jīng)沿這條向東南方經(jīng)由巴克斯菲爾德的公路行駛了六次。這次車?yán)镆廊皇冀K坐著兩名德國工程師。坐在后面的這位架著一臺筆記本電腦，不停地檢查各種數(shù)據(jù)。坐在副駕駛的那位始終謹(jǐn)慎地觀察前方道路。比較尷尬的是，他的腳底下也有一套油門和剎車踏板。
The trunk of the car was filled with components from desktop computers, with a hydra of cordsinterconnecting them to the car. Also a bit disconcerting. But the interior looked almost entirelynormal.
車子的后備箱里裝滿了臺式電腦的部件，一大團(tuán)數(shù)據(jù)線把它們與汽車聯(lián)接在一起。這一幕看著也有點(diǎn)尷尬，但內(nèi)飾基本上完全正常。
It’s at this point that I should mention that I’m an A-type driver. Years of training on theracetrack and practicing emergency maneuvers have not helped matters. You may think you’re agreat driver. I would likely disagree. I love to be in the driver’s seat—and if I’m not, I’d justprefer to be outside the car. So yes, you might say I’ve got control issues.
我應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)一下，我是A型血。多年的賽道訓(xùn)練和緊急操作練習(xí)也沒有治好我的強(qiáng)迫癥。你可能認(rèn)為你是個很好的司機(jī)，但我很可能不這么認(rèn)為。我喜歡坐在駕駛座上——如果開車的不是我，我寧可不坐這輛車。所以你可能會認(rèn)為我的控制欲過強(qiáng)。
And while I like technology, I don’t really trust it. Computers crash all the time. They can behacked and compromised and my Apple computer too often suffers that spinning ball of death.Was I really ready to turn over my life to a robotic overlord? Have we learned nothing from theTerminator movies?
另外，雖然我喜歡高科技，但我并不真心信任它。電腦還經(jīng)常崩潰呢，或是被黑、中毒什么的，我自己的蘋果電腦也經(jīng)常死機(jī)。我真的準(zhǔn)備好把寶貴的生命托付給機(jī)器人了嗎?難道看了《終結(jié)者》系列電影后，我們什么教訓(xùn)都沒學(xué)到嗎?
So I was happy enough to be in control as we motored through a small California town in theprototype Audi, making our way toward Interstate 5. The prototype was in most regards stilla stock A7, a sexy, swoop-backed sedan that I really love. It has lots of pep and a greatsuspension.
所以當(dāng)我們沿5號公路來到加州一個小鎮(zhèn)，換我坐到駕駛座上時，我還是非常高興的。這輛原型車骨子里還是一臺量產(chǎn)的奧迪A7，它是一款令人愛不釋手、非常性感的溜背轎跑，動力充沛，懸掛也很出色。
Then we got on the freeway and a message appeared on my digital dash, informing me that“piloted” driving mode was available. Traffic was heavy and too closely spaced together. Thistruly would be a test of the technology.
然后我們又上了高速，這時數(shù)碼儀表盤上顯示出一條消息，提示稱“自動”駕駛模式已經(jīng)可以使用了。不過這時路上車流很大，車距很窄，這對該技術(shù)真是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。
I glanced over at the engineer and he gave me a confident nod. The lower stalks of thesteering wheel have two extra buttons. You press and hold both simultaneously to engagethe autonomous feature. I did so: an alert sounded and the steering wheel automaticallyretracted several inches, literally moving out of my hands.
我瞄了工程師一眼，他對我信心十足地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。方向盤下面有兩個額外的按鈕。同時長按這兩個按鈕即可啟動自動駕駛功能。我這樣做了以后，車內(nèi)響起了一聲提醒音，然后方向盤收縮了幾英寸，擺脫了我的掌控。
The A7 prototype uses an array of stock sensors, including radar and a front-facing camera,to navigate through traffic. It stays in the right-hand lane until it comes on slower-movingtraffic, and then will engage its turn signal, pull into the left lane, and pass.
這臺A7原型車使用了一系列傳感器，包括雷達(dá)和正對前方的攝像頭，用來感應(yīng)車流狀況。車子一直在右道行駛，如果遇見前車行駛太慢，它就會打轉(zhuǎn)向燈，然后拐上左道超車。
Using the side stalk, I set the speed at 70 mph. The steering wheel was moving on its own, aghost in the machine. We were approaching a slow-moving minivan quickly and I tensed, myfoot hovering over the brake pedal. The car smoothly engaged the brakes, waited for a caron the left to pass, turned on the signal, passed the van and pulled back to the right.Seamless.
通過方向盤側(cè)邊的撥桿，我把速度設(shè)定為每小時70英里(約每小時112公里)。方向盤自動擺動，就像有個幽靈在開車一樣。車子很快接近了一臺開得很慢的面包車，我精神緊張起來，把腳放在剎車踏板上準(zhǔn)備隨時制動。但車子自動平順地放慢了車速，等到左邊的一輛車先超過去，才打了轉(zhuǎn)向燈，超過了這輛面包車，然后又回到右側(cè)車道，簡直天衣無縫。
I stared straight ahead, hands in lap. Then I relaxed a bit. Then I got bored. I twisted in theseat and began chatting with the engineers. Then I started messing with traffic around me,planting both hands on the side window as cars passed. Look, sir! No hands. I got somestrange looks. I even tried to attract the attention of a state trooper pulled to the side of theroad. My engineer/minder wasn’t so amused.
我的眼睛直視前方，雙手放在了膝蓋上。然后，我放松了一會兒，很快就覺得無聊。我把座椅調(diào)整了個角度，然后開始和工程師們聊天。我開始望著周圍的車流，有車子經(jīng)過時，我就把兩只手都伸到車窗外頭。“看我大撒把!”人們對我投來奇怪的眼神。我甚至還試圖吸引停在路邊的交警的注意力。當(dāng)然，那位工程師并不覺得我這樣做有多么好玩。
Here’s what I liked: It was very easy to take back control. Simply grab the steering wheel andapply light pressure, and the system happily gives all controls back to you. You can also applythe brakes or gas and do the same thing. And the car still drove and handled like an Audi. Itreally wasn’t foreign at all: Easy to understand even easier to use.
我最喜歡的一點(diǎn)是：你很容易就能收回對車子的控制權(quán)。只需輕輕一拉方向盤，施加一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)力量，系統(tǒng)就會很高興地把它的所有控制權(quán)交還給你。踩剎車或油門也能達(dá)到同樣的效果。車子的操縱感仍然像一輛經(jīng)典的奧迪。它完全沒有陌生的感覺，了解它很容易，用起來甚至更容易。
What I didn’t like: The passiveness. It’s very hard to pay attention after a while. Being sort-of,kind-of in control is difficult. Either you’re all-in driving, or you’re not. Engineers say that whenthe technology eventually comes to market, the car should be able to perform some evasivemaneuvers. But right now, if a car careens toward you the car can only slow down to avoid anaccident. It’s up to you to perform more elaborate evasive action.
我不喜歡的一點(diǎn)是它的被動性。車子走了一陣子之后，你就很難集中注意力了，很難獲得所謂的“控制感”。要么是用手動模式開車，要么不是。工程師們表示，等到這項(xiàng)技術(shù)最終投放市場，它屆時應(yīng)該可以進(jìn)行機(jī)動規(guī)避。不過目前，如果一輛車子向你行駛的方向側(cè)翻過來，車子只能自動減速以避免事故。要想進(jìn)行更復(fù)雜的機(jī)動動作，就得靠你自己去手動操作。
As for accidents, we saw a lot of them that day on I-5. Fender benders mostly, but at least oneserious incident the other direction. Audi says it is pursuing this technology because it saveslives, as the majority of accidents are the result of distracted driving.
說到事故，那天我們在5號公路上見到了很多交通事故，大部分是小刮蹭，但至少在反向車道上還是發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重事故。奧迪公司表示它正在積極推進(jìn)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，因?yàn)樗梢酝炀群芏嗳说纳?，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)交通事故都是因?yàn)殚_車分心而導(dǎo)致的。
Meanwhile, our A7 stayed out of trouble and accident free, moving steadily to our destination,the Las Vegas Strip, which we would reach just in time for the annual Consumer ElectronicsShow.
我們的A7一路平安無事，也沒有遇到事故，穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地駛向我們的目的地拉斯維加斯，剛好能趕上一年一度的CES消費(fèi)電子展。
By the end of the trip, I was a believer. The technology is for real. Do I love it? Well, I certainlysee the attraction, especially on a long boring route. And I do believe that it will eventuallysave lives.
等到這趟旅程結(jié)束時，我自己也成了自動駕駛技術(shù)的擁躉。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)是真真切切的。要說我喜歡它嗎?我當(dāng)然看到了它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，尤其是在行駛一段漫長而無聊的道路時。而且我也真心相信，最終它會拯救許多人的生命。
But I write about cars for a living. Fully autonomous driving would consign me to the ranks ofscriveners, typesetters and harpoon salesmen. I guess at that point, I’ll be reviewing thefengshui of the interior.
不過，我是靠寫汽車新聞謀生的。如果自動駕駛汽車技術(shù)完全成熟了，我只能去做代書人、打字員或是賣漁具之類的工作。估計(jì)到那時候，我也就只能評測一下汽車內(nèi)飾的風(fēng)水了。
For now, I’ll just say that the A7 self-driving car and I are frenemies.
現(xiàn)在，我只能說A7自動駕駛汽車與我是“亦敵亦友”的關(guān)系。
Sidebar: stages of self-driving cars
附注：自動駕駛汽車的發(fā)展階段
Hoping for a car that will pick you up at your doorstep, whisk you to work, and then disappeararound the block until it returns for you at 5 pm? For many engineers, such a fully automatedand self-guiding car is the ultimate goal, but it will be many years until we actually see one.
你是否暢想過，你的汽車能像變形金剛一樣，每天自動開到門口接你，載著你上班，然后自己消失了，直到下午5點(diǎn)鐘又來公司接你?對于很多工程師來說，這種完全的自動駕駛和自動導(dǎo)航汽車仍是一個終極目標(biāo)，我們可能還得等很多年才能見到它。
Experts have laid out five levels of automation, from the lowest (one) to that full robotic taxi(five).
專家們給自動駕駛劃分了五個等級，從最低級(一級)到全自動機(jī)器人出租車(第五級)。
The first level is found on many luxury cars today. It’s referred to as a driver’s assistanceprogram and include automatic cruise control, in which the car will slow or even stop when itsenses slower traffic ahead. A lane-assistance system, which helps keep a car from strayingbeyond lane markings, is also considered level one.
當(dāng)前的很多豪華車型已經(jīng)具備了第一級功能。它是指駕駛員的輔助程序，包括自動巡航控制，也就是當(dāng)汽車感覺到前方車速較慢時會自動減速甚至停車。車道輔助系統(tǒng)可以避免車子在行駛時越線，它也被視為第一級技術(shù)。
Level two is a car that can handle several tasks independently of the driver, including parkingitself, with the driver outside the car controlling some aspects with a key fob.
第二級是指汽車可以脫離駕駛員，來處理幾項(xiàng)任務(wù)，包括自動停車入位，不過通常是駕駛員在車外通過某種遙控器遙控的。
Level three is where things get more interesting. The Audi prototype that we tested was levelthree, and it can negotiate traffic on a pre-ordained route independent of the driver. However,it depends on a driver to be behind the wheel at all times, and to take over control at thebeginning and end of the route. It also demands that the driver take back control in anyemergency circumstance.
第三級更有趣些。我們試駕的這輛奧迪原型車就是第三級技術(shù)，它可以獨(dú)立于駕駛員，自動在一條預(yù)先設(shè)定好的道路上行車。但它需要駕駛員全程坐在方向盤后面，并且要在自動駕駛模式開始前和結(jié)束后手動駕車。在緊急狀況下也需要駕駛員接管車輛。
High automation is level four. This car will be able to find a safe area to pull off the road if thedriver doesn’t respond to a call of action to take back over. It could also potentially drop youoff outside of your building and then pull itself automatically into a pre-ordained spot in thepublic garage.
第四級是高度自動化。如果駕駛員沒有響應(yīng)汽車交回控制權(quán)的要求，它甚至可以自己找到一個安全的區(qū)域停在路邊。它也可能會自動開到你的樓前接你，然后自動把自己停在公共停車場的一個預(yù)定車位上。
Five is the robotic taxi that would need no driver behind the wheel whatsoever. Which bringsus to this question: When are we going go get those flying cars, anyhow?
第五級是根本不需要駕駛員坐在方向盤后頭的“機(jī)器人出租車”。這也讓我們不禁想問：那種會飛的汽車什么時候才能出現(xiàn)呢?(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
