習近平接受《華爾街日報》書面采訪全文（中英）

Ahead of his first official state visit to the U.S., Chinese President Xi Jinping provided written answers to questions submitted by The Wall Street Journal. Here is the full transcript:

中國國家主席習近平在啟程對美國進行官方國事訪問前接受了《華爾街日報》的書面采訪，這是習近平就任國家主席以來首次對美進行國事訪問。以下是書面采訪全文：

1. Under your leadership, China has been active in promoting new economic and security arrangements. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, in particular, has been a notable achievement. Is China trying to rearrange the architecture of global governance, away from the U.S. and toward China?

《華爾街日報》：在您的領導下，中國在推動新的經(jīng)濟和安全安排方面表現(xiàn)得十分活躍，尤其是亞洲基礎設施投資銀行更是取得明顯進展。中國是否正在有意將此前以美國為主的全球治理結(jié)構(gòu)加以調(diào)整使其更向中國傾斜?

XI: The global governance system is built and shared by the world, not monopolized by a single country. China certainly has no intention to do so. China is involved in building the current international system, and has always done its part to uphold the international order and system with the U.N. as its core and the purposes and principles of the U.N. charter as its foundation.

習近平：全球治理體系是由全球共建共享的，不可能由哪一個國家獨自掌握。中國沒有這種想法，也不會這樣做。中國是現(xiàn)行國際體系的參與者、建設者、貢獻者，一直維護以聯(lián)合國為核心、以聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則為基礎的國際秩序和國際體系。

Many visionary people hold that as the global landscape evolves and major transnational and global challenges facing mankind increase, it is necessary to adjust and reform the global governance system and mechanism. Such reform is not about dismantling the existing system and creating a new one to replace it. Rather, it aims to improve the global governance system in an innovative way. We in China have a saying, “When all means are exhausted, changes are necessary; once changes are made, things will improve.” Whether for a country or the entire world, adaptation to keep pace with the times is necessary in order to maintain its vigor. To build a more equitable, just and effective architecture of global governance meets the common aspiration of all countries. China and the U.S. share broad interests in this respect and should work together to improve the global governance system. This will not only leverage our respective strengths to enhance cooperation, but also enable our two countries to jointly respond to major challenges facing mankind.

世界上很多有識之士都認為，隨著世界不斷發(fā)展變化，隨著人類面臨的重大跨國性和全球性挑戰(zhàn)日益增多，有必要對全球治理體制機制進行相應的調(diào)整改革。這種改革并不是推倒重來，也不是另起爐灶，而是創(chuàng)新完善。“窮則變，變則通。”無論是一個國家，還是世界，都需要與時俱進，這樣才能保持活力。推動全球治理體系朝著更加公正合理有效的方向發(fā)展，符合世界各國的普遍需求。中美在全球治理領域有著廣泛共同利益，應該共同推動完善全球治理體系。這不僅有利于雙方發(fā)揮各自優(yōu)勢、加強合作，也有利于雙方合作推動解決人類面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。

China owes much of its progress in development over the past decades to international cooperation; we thus feel duty-bound to make greater contribution to international development endeavors. Many other developing countries have also expressed similar strong wishes to China. The Asian Infrastructure Development Bank (AIIB) is established mainly as a response to the need of Asian countries for infrastructure development and their aspirations for further cooperation. According to the projection of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, from 2010 to 2020, the annual shortfall in funding for Asian infrastructural development is around US$800 billion. The AIIB serves as a new option to meet this shortfall, and it is therefore welcomed by both Asian countries and the wider international community. But as the funding shortage is huge, it is clear that the AIIB alone cannot possibly meet such demand. As an open and inclusive multilateral development agency, the AIIB will complement other multilateral development banks. In addition to Asian countries, countries outside Asia such as Germany, France and the U.K. have also joined the AIIB. China welcomes the U.S. to join the AIIB. This has been our position from the very outset.

中國幾十年的發(fā)展很大程度上得益于國際合作。因此，我們應該為國際發(fā)展事業(yè)作出貢獻，很多發(fā)展中國家朋友對中國提出了這方面的強烈愿望。建立亞投行，主要是為滿足亞洲地區(qū)基礎設施建設的需求以及亞洲各國在深化合作方面的愿望。據(jù)世行、亞開行測算，2010年到2020年，亞洲地區(qū)每年基礎設施建設資金缺口達8000億美元。亞投行可以為這種需求多提供一種資金投入選擇，因而受到亞洲國家和國際社會歡迎。面對這么大的需求，亞投行只是一個渠道，不可能包打天下。亞投行是一個開放和包容的多邊開發(fā)機構(gòu)，將同現(xiàn)有多邊開發(fā)銀行相互補充。除了域內(nèi)國家，德國、法國、英國等國家也都加入了亞投行。中方歡迎美國參與亞投行，從一開始我們就是這個態(tài)度。

I don't believe any country is capable of rearranging the architecture of global governance toward itself. Obviously, such practice goes against the trend of the times. The improvement of global governance architecture should be decided by all countries. As the U.N. summit commemorating the 70th anniversary draws nearer, China stands ready to work with all the other U.N. member states to build a new type of international relationship featuring win-win cooperation, improve the architecture of global governance, and build a community of shared future for mankind.

我不認為世界上哪個國家可以使全球治理結(jié)構(gòu)向自己傾斜，也不認為這樣做是符合時代潮流的。全球治理結(jié)構(gòu)如何完善，應該由各國共同來決定。聯(lián)合國馬上就要舉行成立70周年系列峰會。中國愿同廣大成員國一道，推動建設以合作共贏為核心的新型國際關系，完善全球治理結(jié)構(gòu)，共同構(gòu)建人類命運共同體。

2. China is playing an increasingly assertive role in regions around the world, from the Middle East to Africa and the Korean peninsula. Where do China's interests align or differ from the U.S.? What's China's view of the recent nuclear deal onIran? How worried are you about North Korea's nuclear ambitions?

《華爾街日報》：中國在處理地區(qū)和國際事務方面越來越自信，從中東到非洲到朝鮮半島都是如此。中美在哪些領域利益一致，在哪些領域又存在分歧?中方如何看待最近達成的伊朗核協(xié)議?您是否擔心朝鮮的核野心?

XI:China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and is committed to world peace and common development. In today's world, it is impossible for China to develop on its own; only when the world thrives can China prosper. China has never been absent in efforts to promote world economic recovery, seek political settlement of international and regional hotspots and respond to various global problems and challenges. This is what the international community expects of China, and to do so is China's responsibility.

習近平：中國奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，愿意為維護世界和平、促進共同發(fā)展作出努力。當今世界，中國不可能獨善其身，只有世界好，中國才能好。在推動世界經(jīng)濟復蘇、政治解決國際和地區(qū)熱點、應對各種全球性問題和挑戰(zhàn)等方面，中國都沒有缺席。這是國際社會的希望，也是中國的責任。

Both being permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, China and the U.S. shoulder important responsibility of upholding regional and world peace and security, and our interests converge in a broad range of areas. China wishes to join hands with the U.S. to tackle major regional and global issues. As a matter of fact, we have done a great deal together in this area and will continue to do so. For example, China and the U.S. have been engaged in close coordination and cooperation in addressing various regional and international issues as well as global challenges, ranging from the Korean nuclear issue and the Iranian nuclear issue to Palestine-Israel peace talks, South Sudan, climate change and major epidemic diseases. Admittedly, there are differences in our respective thinking on and approach to some issues. However, differences are the reason why we should complement each other and find best solutions to issues.

中美兩國都是聯(lián)合國安理會常任理事國，肩負著維護世界和地區(qū)和平與安全的重要責任，存在廣泛共同利益。中方愿同美方攜手應對重大全球和地區(qū)性問題，己經(jīng)做了很多事，還將繼續(xù)做下去。中美在應對朝核、伊朗核、巴以和談、南蘇丹、氣候變化、重大傳染性疾病等一系列國際和地區(qū)問題及全球性挑戰(zhàn)方面開展了密切協(xié)調(diào)和合作。當然，中美在處理一些問題時思路和方法并不完全一致，有不同才能相互補益，找到問題的最佳解決方案。

In addressing regional and international issues, China adheres to the principles of equality, fairness and justice and calls for seeking political settlement of relevant issues through peaceful negotiation. In addressing these issues, China bases its position and policy on the merit of each particular case and endeavors to uphold justice. China opposes arbitrary interference in other countries' internal affairs and stands for resolving issues through consultation. No matter how difficult and complex the challenges are, the international community should meet them with confidence and strive to resolve them through peaceful means.

在處理國際和地區(qū)事務時，中國堅持平等、公平、正義，倡導以和為貴，主張通過和平談判政治解決有關問題。處理國際和地區(qū)事務，應該根據(jù)事情本身的是非曲直決定立場和政策，說公道話，辦公道事。我們不贊成強行干涉別國內(nèi)政，認為很多事情應該商量著辦。不管遇到多么大的困難、多么復雜的情況，國際社會都應該堅定信心，持之以恒堅持和平努力。

The political settlement of the Iranian nuclear issue represents a major achievement of the international community, and China and the U.S. worked hard to make this possible. It shows that our approaches have worked well. Going forward, China will work with all parties involved to ensure the deal is fully implemented.

伊朗核問題政治解決取得重大成果，中美為此進行了共同努力。這說明我們的主張和方法是有效的。中方將同各方一道，推動全面協(xié)議得到有效落實。

China's position for denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula is firm and clear-cut. At the same time, we believe that the denuclearization, peace and stability of the Korean Peninsulashould be achieved through peaceful means. The current situation of the Korean Peninsula is intricate and sensitive. China will maintain close communication and coordination with the U.S.and relevant parties to properly address issues relating to the Korean Peninsula and ensure long-term stability of Northeast Asia.

中方堅持朝鮮半島無核化的立場是堅定的、明確的，同時我們認為應該通過和平手段實現(xiàn)半島無核化、維護半島和平穩(wěn)定。當前，半島局勢復雜敏感。中方愿同美方及相關各方繼續(xù)就妥善處理半島事務、實現(xiàn)東北亞地區(qū)長治久安等問題保持密切溝通和協(xié)調(diào)。

3. One of the first slogans you raised upon taking office was the “China Dream.” It proved popular at home and has the ring of the “American dream.” In speeches you've given, you've said the “China Dream” is about building a strong nation and strong military. What do you see as the similarities and differences between the “China Dream” and the “American dream”?

《華爾街日報》：中國夢是您就職后最早提出的概念之一，這個提法現(xiàn)在在中國很流行，同時也讓人想起我們在美國常會提到的美國夢。您曾經(jīng)說過，中國夢是強國夢也是強軍夢。您覺得中國夢和美國夢有哪些相似的地方?又有哪些不同的地方?

XI: The Chinese dream is fundamentally about making life better for the Chinese people, and I think one should approach this concept from two angles: history and reality. Starting from the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese nation went through a century of social turbulence, foreign aggression and the sufferings of war. Yet throughout all this trying time, our people stood on their feet and struggled tenaciously for a better future. They never gave up the longing for their cherished dream. To understand today's China, one needs to fully appreciate the Chinese nation's deep suffering since modern times and the profound impact of such suffering on the Chinese minds. That is why we regard the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its greatest dream since modern times. The Chinese dream is as much the dream of every Chinese as it is the dream of the whole nation. It is not an illusion, nor is it an empty slogan. The Chinese dream is deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese people.

習近平：中國夢最根本的是實現(xiàn)中國人民的美好生活。關于這個問題，需要從歷史和現(xiàn)實兩個向度來認識。1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭之后，中華民族經(jīng)歷了長達一個世紀的社會動蕩、外族侵略、戰(zhàn)爭磨難，但中國人民始終自強不息、頑強斗爭，從未放棄對美好夢想的向往和追求。看待當今中國，一定要深刻認識中國近代以后所遭受的民族苦難，一定要深刻認識這種長期的民族苦難給中國人民精神世界帶來的深刻影響。所以我們說，實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢是近代以來中華民族最偉大的夢想。中國夢是中華民族的夢，也是每個中國人的夢。中國夢不是鏡中花、水中月，不是空洞的口號，其最深沉的根基在中國人民心中。

Every country and every nation has its own dream, and dream brings hope. During my last visit to the United States, my old friends in Muscatine, Iowa, talked to me about their dream. I have the impression that the Americans and people in all other countries share the same dream about the future: world peace, social security and stability, and a decent life. Naturally, owing to differences in history, culture and stage of development, China, the United States and other countries may not have the exact same dream, and they pursue their dreams in different ways. But all roads lead to Rome. The dreams of various peoples, however different in meaning, are sources of inspiration for them, and all these dreams create important opportunities for Chinaand the United States, as well as other countries to engage in cooperation.

每個國家、每個民族都有自己的夢想。有夢想才有希望。上次訪美時，我在艾奧瓦州馬斯卡廷的老朋友們也向我提起他們的夢想。我深深感到，各國人民包括美國人民都對未來有著共同夢想：世界和平，社會安寧，生活富足。當然，由于歷史文化、發(fā)展階段的不同，中國夢、美國夢以及其他國家人民的夢想內(nèi)涵不盡相同，實現(xiàn)的具體途徑和方式也可能不完全一樣。條條大路通羅馬。各國人民對夢想的追求，不論有什么異同，都是激勵他們頑強奮斗的強大動力，也為中美合作和各國合作提供了重要機遇。

4. Relations between the two countries are strained by many issues - from China's island-building in the South China Sea to allegations of cyber-spying and complaints by American businesses of unfair regulations. Some in the U.S. are even calling for a new containment policy against China. How do you answer these critics? What's the glue that holds U.S.-China relations together and how can it be made stronger?

《華爾街日報》：中美兩國間的關系近年來受到諸多問題的困擾，如南海島礁建設、網(wǎng)絡間諜、美國跨國公司認為在華業(yè)務受到不平等待遇等問題。在美國國內(nèi)一些人甚至提出要對中國采取新的遏制政策。您如何回應這些涉及中國的批評意見?您認為維系中美關系的重要因素是什么?如何能使得兩國之間的紐帶更加緊密?

XI:In approaching China-U.S. relations, one should see the larger picture and not just focus on differences, just as a Chinese saying tells us, “When important things are addressed first, secondary issues will not be difficult to settle.” Together, China and the United Statesaccount for one-third of the world economy, one-fourth of the global population, and one-fifth of global trade. If two big countries like ours do not cooperate with each other, just imagine what will happen to the world. Both history and reality show that China and the United Statesstand to gain from cooperation and lose from confrontation. When President Obama and I met at the Annenberg Estate, California, in the summer of 2013, we made the strategic decision of jointly building a new model of major-country relationship between China and the United Statesfeaturing nonconflict or confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. In the past two years and more since then, guided by this agreement, our exchanges and cooperation across the board have kept deepening and been upgraded. We maintain close and effective dialogue and cooperation on almost all major international and regional issues and global challenges. Facts have shown that the interests of China and the U.S. have grown increasingly intertwined. The growth of the China-U.S. relationship has not only benefited our two peoples, it has also enhanced peace, stability and development in the Asia-Pacific and beyond.

習近平：看待中美關系，要看大局，不能只盯著兩國之間的分歧，正所謂“得其大者可以兼其小”。中美兩國經(jīng)濟總量占世界三分之一、人口占世界四分之一、貿(mào)易總量占世界五分之一。這兩個“大塊頭”不合作，世界會怎樣?歷史和現(xiàn)實都表明，中美兩國合則兩利、斗則俱傷。2013 年夏天，我同奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在加利福尼亞州安納伯格莊園舉行會晤，作出共同構(gòu)建中美新型大國關系的戰(zhàn)略抉擇，其核心內(nèi)容就是不沖突、不對抗、相互尊重、合作共贏。兩年多來，圍繞這一共識，兩國各領域交流合作日益深化，水平不斷提升，雙方就幾乎所有重大國際和地區(qū)問題及全球性挑戰(zhàn)保持著密切有效的溝通和協(xié)調(diào)。事實證明，中美兩國利益己日趨緊密地聯(lián)系在一起，兩國關系發(fā)展不僅造福兩國人民，也有力促進了亞太地區(qū)和世界和平、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展。

Naturally, we have some differences, even family members don't always see eye to eye with each other. Our two countries should understand and respect each other, expand common ground and properly handle differences, and respect and accommodate each other's core interests and major concerns. On issues that can be resolved, the two sides should make joint efforts to seek a solution; as to those issues that cannot be resolved for the time being, we should manage them in a constructive way, make sure that they are not exacerbated or escalated, and prevent them from derailing the overall relationship of the two countries and cooperation that has served our two peoples so well.

當然，一個家庭還會有這樣那樣的矛盾，中美兩國難免會存在一些分歧。雙方要相互理解、相互尊重、聚同化異，尊重和照顧彼此核心利益和重大關切。對可以解決的問題，雙方要相向而行，共同努力加以解決。對一時解決不了的問題，要以建設性方式善加管控，防止激化或升級，防止對兩國總體關系和符合兩國人民利益的合作大局造成干擾。

The Nansha Islands have been China's territory since ancient times. This is fully backed by historical and legal evidence. China's development and maintenance of facilities on some of our garrisoned islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands does not impact on or target any other country, and it should not be overinterpreted. These facilities have been built to improve the working and living conditions of the Chinese personnel on the maritime features, provide international public goods and services, and better uphold navigation freedom and safety in theSouth China Sea.

南沙群島自古以來就是中國的領土，我們對此有著充足的歷史和法理依據(jù)。中國對南沙部分駐守島礁進行了相關建設和設施維護，不影響也不針對任何國家，不應過度解讀。中方島礁建設主要是為了改善島上人員工作生活條件，并提供相應國際公共產(chǎn)品服務，也有助于進一步維護南海航行自由和安全。

Chinatakes cybersecurity very seriously. China is also a victim of hacking. The Chinese government does not engage in theft of commercial secrets in any form, nor does it encourage or support Chinese companies to engage in such practices in any way. Cybertheft of commercial secrets and hacking attacks against government networks are both illegal; such acts are criminal offenses and should be punished according to law and relevant international conventions. China and the United States share common concerns on cybersecurity. We are ready to strengthen cooperation with the U.S. side on this issue.

中國是網(wǎng)絡安全的堅定維護者。中國是黑客攻擊的受害國。中國政府不會以任何形式參與、鼓勵或支持企業(yè)從事竊取商業(yè)秘密行為。不論是網(wǎng)絡商業(yè)竊密，還是對政府網(wǎng)絡發(fā)起黑客攻擊，都是違法犯罪行為，都應該根據(jù)法律和相關國際公約予以打擊。中美雙方在網(wǎng)絡安全上有共同關切，我們愿同美方加強合作。

I will have in-depth exchanges of views with President Obama on bilateral relations and the international developments and engage the American public in order to jointly chart the course for growing China-U.S. relations. I am sure that this visit will send a positive message to the international community that China and the United States will strengthen cooperation and jointly meet global challenges.

我將同奧巴馬總統(tǒng)就雙邊關系和國際形勢深入交換意見，并廣泛接觸美國各界人士，共商進一步發(fā)展中美關系大計，希望這次訪問能向國際社會發(fā)出中美加強合作、共同應對全球性挑戰(zhàn)的積極信息。

5. The expansion of China's military power and military operations has caused concern in Washington and unsettled some governments in the region. Please explainChina's intentions. Does the U.S. alliance structure in Asia make Beijing feel less secure? Should Washington do more to accommodate Chinese security interests?

《華爾街日報》：中國在亞洲地區(qū)軍事實力和軍事行動的擴張引起了美國政府關注以及部分亞洲國家擔憂。您能否給我們解釋一下中國的意圖?美國及其盟友在亞洲的軍事構(gòu)架是否讓中國缺乏安全感?美國政府是否應該做些事情以照顧中國的安全利益?

XI:China has always pursued a defense policy that is defensive in nature and a military strategy featuring active defense. In strengthening our defense and military building, we are not going after some kind of military adventure. It never crosses our mind. China has no military base in Asia and stations no troops outside its borders. China is a big country that has vast territorial land, sea and airspace and very long borders. We need to maintain proper investment in our defense and keep the troop size at an appropriate level. To demonstrateChina's determination to uphold peace and development, I announced not long ago a troop cut by 300,000. China has long pledged never to practice expansionism and seek hegemony. History has and will continue to prove this.

習近平：中國歷來奉行防御性國防政策和積極防御的軍事戰(zhàn)略。中國加強國防和軍隊建設，并不是為了窮兵黯武，我們沒有這個想法。在國土之外，中國在亞洲沒有任何軍事基地，沒有任何駐軍。中國是一個大國，領土、領海、領空廣闊，具有漫長的邊界線，需要對國防建設保持一定投入，也需要保持適度規(guī)模的軍隊。為表明中國堅持和平發(fā)展的決心，我不久前宣布中國將裁軍30萬。中國早就承諾永遠不搞擴張、永遠不稱霸。歷史已經(jīng)證明并將繼續(xù)證明這一點。

Chinahas contributed more U.N. peacekeepers than any other permanent member of the Security Council. The Chinese military has played important roles in antipiracy escort operation in the Gulf of Aden and in the shipping of chemical weapons out of Syria for destruction. In our neighborhood, China's military has helped many countries to deal with natural disasters. It will do still more within its capacity to provide public security goods to the international community.

中國是聯(lián)合國安理會五常中派出維和人員最多的國家，中國軍隊在亞丁灣護航、打擊海盜、參與敘利亞化學武器外運等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。中國軍隊在周邊最多的行動，就是應邀幫助一些國家應對自然災害。中國軍隊將在力所能及范圍內(nèi)向國際社會提供更多公共安全產(chǎn)品。

Both China and the United States are major Asia-Pacific countries, whose interests intersect more closely and interact more frequently than in any other region of the world. Both sides desire to see peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific, as it serves their common interests as well as those of the countries in the region. The Asia-Pacific should be a cooperative ground for enhanced China-U.S. coordination and collaboration rather than their Coliseum for supremacy. Our attitude is this: we welcome whatever that contributes to regional peace and stability, and oppose whatever that may lead to conflict and turmoil in the region.

中美都是亞太重要國家，亞太是中美利益交織最密集、互動最頻繁的地區(qū)。中美兩國都希望亞太地區(qū)保持和平穩(wěn)定，這符合兩國和地區(qū)國家共同利益。亞太應該成為中美加強協(xié)調(diào)和配合的合作社，而不應該成為中美互相角力的角斗場。我們的態(tài)度是，凡是有利于地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定的事，我們都歡迎：凡是可能導致地區(qū)沖突和動蕩的事，我們都反對。

In the Asia-Pacific, both China and the United States should vigorously implement the principles of mutual respect and win-win cooperation. China participated in RIMPAC for the first time in 2014. The two militaries are stepping up the two Confidence-Building Mechanisms. We hope to identify still more converging ground in the region for the two countries, continuously build up strategic trust and work with other countries in making the region more peaceful, stable and prosperous.

中美雙方應該在亞太地區(qū)積極踐行互相尊重、合作共贏的理念。中國軍隊2014年首次參加“環(huán)太平洋軍演”，中美兩軍正在推進“兩個互信機制”建設，期待中美在亞太地區(qū)尋找更多契合點，不斷增進戰(zhàn)略互信，同地區(qū)國家一道，維護地區(qū)和平、穩(wěn)定、繁榮。

6. China has had a tumultuous summer, with plummeting stock markets, a devaluation of the renminbi and signs of economic weakness. Many investors around the world wonder if the Chinese economy is weaker than the official figures show and if the government is sufficiently in control. What's your assessment of the economy and what is being done to shore up confidence among Chinese and global investors?

《華爾街日報》：今年夏天對于中國來說是個“多事之夏”：股市直線下跌，人民幣貶值，實體經(jīng)濟發(fā)展也在放緩。全球很多投資者都在擔心中國經(jīng)濟要比官方數(shù)字所顯示的更為疲軟，他們也想知道中國政府是否能夠有效控制局面。您如何解讀目前的中國經(jīng)濟狀況?目前中國政府正在采取哪些措施以提升國內(nèi)外投資者的信心?

XI: China's economic growth is still one of the fastest in the world. In the first half of the year, the Chinese economy grew by 7%, which is hard-won considering the intricacy and changeable nature of the overall global economy. A growth rate of around 7% would be sufficient to reach our goal of doubling the 2010 GOP and per capita income by 2020.

習近平：中國經(jīng)濟增速仍然居世界前列。今年上半年，中國經(jīng)濟增長7%，在世界總體經(jīng)濟形勢復雜多變的環(huán)境下，這是來之不易的。根據(jù)我們設定的發(fā)展目標，即到2020年實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比2010年翻一番，保持7%左右的增長速度就可以做到。

The Chinese economy is still operating within the proper range. What China needs is a higher quality and efficiency of economic development by successfully addressing the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development, so that our economy will be put on a more solid basis and go forward more steadily. We are stepping up efforts to shift our growth model, make structural adjustment and place greater emphasis on developing an innovation and consumption-driven economy. It is our hope that by solving these problems, China's economy will transform itself and retain its robust dynamism for development.

中國經(jīng)濟運行仍然保持在合理區(qū)間。中國需要的是提高經(jīng)濟發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益，解決經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中存在的不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)問題，以利于走得更穩(wěn)更遠。我們正在加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，更加注重創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動，更加倚重消費拉動。我們希望通過解決這些問題，使中國經(jīng)濟鳳凰涅槃、浴火重生，保持強勁發(fā)展動力。

Against the overall global economic backdrop, many countries have encountered difficulties. The Chinese economy is also under a downward pressure. But it is a problem in the course of progress. What I want to emphasize, in particular, is that whatever happens, China will stay strongly committed to deepening its reform on all fronts while opening still wider to the outside world. We will work in a coordinated fashion to ensure growth, promote reform, make structural adjustment, improve people's well-being and forestall risks, enhancing and innovating macro-regulation and ensuring steady and fairly rapid economic development. With China steadily promoting a new type of industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization, its household savings rate being so high and consumer spending enjoying a huge potential plus its diligent workforce, its rising middle-income population, its robust service sector and its vast and potential-rich market, China has the capacity and is in the position to maintain a medium-high growth in the years to come.

在當前世界經(jīng)濟大環(huán)境下，各國經(jīng)濟都面臨著困難，中國經(jīng)濟也面臨著一定下行壓力，但這是前進中的問題。我想特別強調(diào)，無論發(fā)生什么情況，中國都將堅定不移全面深化改革，不斷擴大開放。我們將統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風險，加強和創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控，促進經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。中國新型工業(yè)化、信息化、 城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化持續(xù)推進，居民儲蓄率高，消費潛力巨大，人民工作勤奮，中等收入者比重在提高，服務業(yè)發(fā)展勢頭強勁，市場空間和潛力都很大，今后一個時期保持經(jīng)濟中高速增長有基礎也有條件。

To understand China's economy, one needs to take a longer view. If you liken it to a large ship on the sea, the question you ask is whether it is sailing in the right direction, does it have sufficient engine power and energy to stay long. Any ship, however large, may occasionally get unstable sailing on the high sea. Investors will come to a right judgment if they have a full understanding of China's progress in economic development since the start of reform and opening-up, of China's strategies formulated recently to ensure sustained and steady growth, and of the relevant data and trends in China's economic performance. The report released by the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai showed that 95% of the surveyed businesses have planned to increase or maintain their investment in China. That is a decision made by over 300 American entrepreneurs, a decision I believe all smart investors will make.

風物長宜放眼量。分析中國經(jīng)濟，要看這艘大船方向是否正確，動力是否強勁，潛力是否充沛。在大海上航行，再大的船也會有一時的顛簸。只要投資者全面了解中國改革開放以來的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展歷程、近期中國為促進經(jīng)濟持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長制定的戰(zhàn)略以及中國經(jīng)濟各項數(shù)據(jù)和趨勢，就會作出正確判斷。上海美國商會今年發(fā)表的報告顯示，約95%的受訪企業(yè)計劃加大或維持在華投資。這是300多位美國企業(yè)家的選擇。我相信，聰明的投資者都會作出同樣選擇。

7. Early on your leadership laid out an ambitious program for reform, promising to let markets play a “decisive” role. The stock market rescue this summer, however, has raised questions about your leadership's commitment to economic reform. Why did you think it necessary to intervene in the stock markets? What significant economic reforms lay ahead over the coming months and year? People's Daily and other state media have reported on resistance to reform; where does the opposition come from?

《華爾街日報》：您任職伊始，就提出了一個雄心勃勃的改革方案，承諾要讓市場發(fā)揮“決定性”作用。而今夏因股市波動采取的救市措施看起來似乎跟貴國的改革承諾背道而馳。您覺得政府干預救市的必要性有哪些?在未來的幾個月乃至更長一段時間中，中國在經(jīng)濟改革方面還有哪些我們值得期待的舉措?《人民日報》等一些官方權威媒體都有報道稱目前的改革遇到了一些阻力。您覺得阻力來自哪些方面?

XI:An important goal for China's current economic reform is to enable the market to play the decisive role in resource allocation and make the government better play its role. That means we need to make good use of both the invisible hand and the visible hand.

習近平：當前，中國經(jīng)濟體制改革的重要方向就是使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用。簡言之，就是“看不見的手”和“看得見的手”都要用好。

The ups and downs of stock markets are caused by the very nature of such markets, and the government normally does not intervene. The role of the government is to maintain an open, fair and impartial market order, protect the lawful rights and interests of investors, especially small- and medium-scale investors, promote the stable growth of the stock market in the long run, and defuse massive panic. The recent unusual fluctuations in the Chinese stock market were mainly the result of previous rapid surges and big fluctuations in the international market. The Chinese government has taken some measures to defuse systemic risks. Such steps have proved successful. As a matter of fact, similar steps have also been taken in some mature foreign markets. Thanks to a mix of stabilizing steps taken, the market has entered a stage of self-correction and adjustment. To develop the capital market is a key goal of China's reform, which will not change just because of current market fluctuations.

股市漲跌有其自身的運行規(guī)律，一般情況下政府不干預。政府的職責是維護公開、公平、公正的市場秩序，保護投資者特別是中小投資者的合法權益，促進股市長期穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，防止發(fā)生大面積恐慌。前段時間，中國股市出現(xiàn)了異常波動，這主要是由于前期上漲過高過快以及國際市場大幅波動等因素引起的。為避免發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風險，中國政府采取了一些措施，遏制了股市的恐慌情緒，避免了一次系統(tǒng)性風險。境外成熟市場也采取過類似做法。在綜合采取多種穩(wěn)定措施后，市場已經(jīng)進入自我修復和自我調(diào)節(jié)階段。發(fā)展資本市場是中國的改革方向，不會因為這次股市波動而改變。

In 2014, we advanced reform in various areas in a fast yet steady manner, and 80 major reform tasks were basically completed. On top of that, the relevant government departments completed 108 reform tasks, with 370 reform outcomes delivered in various sectors. Since the beginning of this year, we have introduced over 70 major reform plans. On Sept. 15, we discussed and adopted a number of reform plans, including the implementation of a system of negative list on market access, policies to support the development and opening-up of key border regions, a decision to accelerate the improvement of the pricing mechanism, and a plan to encourage the injection of non-state capital in investment projects launched by state-owned enterprises in accordance with due procedures. This year, we have decided to launch over 100 key reform steps, and more major economic reform steps will be introduced. Those items of reform that facilitate growth, structural adjustment, people's well-being and risk prevention will be prioritized. And substantive reform plans will be vigorously implemented in such areas as fiscal policy and taxation, finance, opening-up, the judiciary and people's well-being.

2014年，我們蹄疾步穩(wěn)推進各項改革，80個重點改革任務基本完成，此外有關部門還完成了108個改革任務，各方面共出臺370條改革成果。今年以來，我們已經(jīng)推出了70多個重點改革方案。9月15日，我們討論通過了實行市場準入負面清單制度、支持沿邊重點地區(qū)開發(fā)開放若干政策措施、加快完善價格機制、鼓勵和規(guī)范國有企業(yè)投資項目引入非國有資本等改革方案。我們今年確定了100多項重點改革，還要繼續(xù)出臺一批重大經(jīng)濟改革舉措，把有利于穩(wěn)增長、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風險的改革舉措往前排，將在財稅、金融、開放、司法、民生等領域集中推出一些力度大、措施實的改革方案。

This round of reform in China is comprehensive in nature and it is being pursued with unprecedented intensity. We have made enormous efforts and managed to overcome some long-standing obstacles. These reform steps have upset the vested interests of some people, and caused changes to the career and life of some people. It is only natural that there will be difficulties. Otherwise it will not be a reform. That is why I said that we must be bold enough to crack hard nuts and ford dangerous rapids during reform and that only the daring will prevail at key stages of reform. At the same time, reform calls for down-to-earth efforts. To set unrealistic expectations, play to public opinion by talking big or just scratch the surface will not work. Like an arrow shot that cannot be brought back, we will forge ahead against all odds to meet our goals of reform.

中國這一輪改革是全面改革，力度之大前所未有，經(jīng)過努力，一些多年來難啃的硬骨頭啃下來了。改革必然會觸及一些人的既得利益，改變一些人的工作和生活狀態(tài)，當然會有難度，不然就不叫改革了。所以，我說過，改革要敢于啃硬骨頭、敢于涉險灘，改革關頭勇者勝。同時，改革要扎扎實實干，想入非非不行，嘩眾取寵不行，蜻蜓點水也不行。開弓沒有回頭箭，我們將繼續(xù)堅定不移實現(xiàn)改革目標，風雨無阻，勇往直前。

8. Your government is engaged with the International Monetary Fund to have the RMB included in the official basket of reserve currencies. The devaluation in August was seen as a step toward a more flexible exchange rate, but also spooked global markets. Will China fully open its capital account to make the yuan a free convertible currency? How concerned are you about declines in China's foreign currency reserves and capital flight?

《華爾街日報》：中國政府正在就人民幣納入國際貨幣基金組織儲備貨幣籃子同國際貨幣基金組織進行討論。今年8月人民幣匯率的貶值也被看作是邁向更為靈活匯率形成機制的重要舉措，但此舉同時也嚇壞了全球市場。中國是否會完全放開資本賬戶，使人民幣成為能夠自由兌換的貨幣?您是否擔心中國外匯儲備的下降以及資本外逃?

XI:China has been working to improve market-based RMB exchange rate regime. Recent measures to improve the quotation of the RMB central parity is a case in point, as it gives greater say to the market in deciding the exchange rate. Given the complexities in the current international economic scene and financial market and the apparent divergence in market makers' expectations of the future trend of the RMB exchange rate, there had been a long-standing gap between the central parity and market exchange rate of the RMB. With improvements to the quotation of the RMB central parity, the RMB central parity will better respond to supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, and systemically avert the sustained large gap between the RMB central parity and market exchange rate. Since the quotation of RMB central parity was improved on Aug. 11, initial progress has been made in correcting the deviation. Given the current economic and financial conditions at home and abroad, there is no basis for sustained depreciation of the RMB. Reform of the RMB exchange rate formation regime will continue in the direction of market operation.

習近平：中國一直在完善人民幣匯率市場化形成機制。這次完善人民幣匯率中間價報價就是其中一步，加大了市場決定匯率的力度。當前，國際經(jīng)濟金融形勢復雜，做市商對人民幣匯率走勢預期明顯分化，使得人民幣匯率中間價和市場匯率出現(xiàn)了較長時間的偏離。完善中間價報價使中間價形成更加參考外匯市場供求關系，從機制上防止中間價和市場匯率持續(xù)大幅偏離。8月11日中間價報價完善以來，偏差矯正己初見成效。從國際國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟金融形勢看，人民幣匯率不存在持續(xù)貶值的基礎。人民幣匯率形成機制改革會繼續(xù)朝更加市場化的方向邁進。

Chinaput forward the goal of convertibility of the RMB under the capital account back in the early 1990s. Over the past 20 years and more, China has been working toward this goal. Currently, there are only very few transactions that are still banned under the RMB capital account. China is advancing the convertibility of the RMB under the capital account in a steady and orderly manner.

中國早在上世紀90年代初期就提出了實現(xiàn)資本項目可兌換的目標。20多年來，中國一直在朝著資本項目可兌換方向努力。目前，人民幣資本項目完全不開放的交易已經(jīng)不多，中國正在穩(wěn)步有序向前推進人民幣資本項目可兌換相關工作。

There has been a recent drop in China's foreign reserves. This actually reflects improvement to the mix of local currency as well as foreign exchange assets and liabilities of domestic banks, enterprises and individuals. There are three main reasons: First, some assets in foreign exchanges were transferred from the central bank to domestic banks, enterprises and individuals, including an increase of US$56.9 billion in the balance of foreign reserve deposits of domestic banks in the first eight months of this year, with a US$27 billion increase in August alone. Second, outbound investment by domestic enterprises has grown rapidly. Third, domestic enterprises and other market entities are reducing foreign financing steadily, which helps reduce risks of high leverage operation and currency mismatch. These changes are normal capital flow, which is moderate and manageable. Foreign investors who aim at long-term gains are still investing in China. China's foreign exchange reserves remain abundant and is still very large by international standard. With improvement to the RMB exchange rate regime and progress in RMB internationalization, it is quite normal that China's foreign reserves may increase or decrease, and there is no need to overreact to it.

近期，中國外匯儲備余額下降，主要反映了境內(nèi)銀行、企業(yè)、個人等本外幣資產(chǎn)負債結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化調(diào)整。主要有三個原因：一是部分外匯資產(chǎn)由央行轉(zhuǎn)向境內(nèi)銀行、企業(yè)等機構(gòu)及個人持有，如今年前8個月境內(nèi)銀行各項外匯存款余額增加569億美元，其中8月份增加270億美元。二是境內(nèi)企業(yè)“走出去”對外投資增長較快。三是境內(nèi)企業(yè)等市場主體穩(wěn)步減少境外融資，有助于降低高杠桿經(jīng)營、貨幣錯配等風險。這些變化都屬于正常的資本流動，在適度可控的范圍內(nèi)。真正以長期投資為目的的外方投資者仍在進入中國。中國外匯儲備依然充裕，在世界范圍內(nèi)仍屬于很高水平。隨著人民幣匯率形成機制不斷完善以及人民幣國際化推進，中國外匯儲備有所增減是正常的，不必過分擔憂。

9. Many U.S. and other foreign companies that are invested heavily in China say that the business climate has changed and that they are subject to unfair regulation that favors Chinese competitors. U.S. business groups say companies that provide information technology like Cisco are being particularly targeted. What's your response to that? What do you expect from foreign companies? Chinese information technology companies like Huawei also complain of business difficulties in the U.S. Do both countries need to work out special rules for info-tech products?

《華爾街日報》：很多在中國有大規(guī)模投資的美資以及其他外資公司都反映近年來在華投資環(huán)境發(fā)生變化，很多政策都會大幅向他們的中國同行業(yè)競爭者傾斜，因此對他們產(chǎn)生不公平影晌。美國商業(yè)團體多次提到諸如思科這樣的美國信息技術公司常常會成為類似不公平政策的受害者。您如何回應這樣的質(zhì)疑? 您對外資公司的期待有哪些?華為這樣的中國信息科技公司也在抱怨他們在美國受到不公平待遇。您覺得兩國是否有必要出臺一些專門規(guī)則來處理信息技術公司面臨的問題?

XI:Attracting foreign investment is our long-term policy. Such policy will not change. Nor will our protection of the lawful rights and interests of foreign companies in China, and our commitment to better services in favor of foreign companies in China. Foreign investment, which has provided China with capital, advanced technologies, managerial expertise and professional talents with international vision, all needed for the country's modernization drive, has played a significant role in promoting China's economic development.

習近平：利用外資是我們的長期方針。中國利用外資的政策不會變，對外商投資企業(yè)合法權益的保障不會變，為各國企業(yè)在華投資興業(yè)提供更好服務的方向不會變。吸收外資給中國現(xiàn)代化建設提供了必要的資金、先進的技術、寶貴的管理經(jīng)驗、眾多的國際化人才，對促進中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展發(fā)揮了積極作用。

Chinarespects international business practice of non-discrimination and has fulfilled its national treatment and other commitments upon WTO accession. We give equal and fair treatment to all market players, including foreign-invested companies in China, and welcome all forms of cooperation between transnational corporations and their Chinese counterparts. In recent years,China has taken a series of investment facilitation steps, significantly cancelling restrictive items and adopting a management model based on pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list approach. By so doing, we aim to timely address the legitimate concerns of foreign investors, protect their lawful rights and interests, and foster a level playing field with open and transparent laws and policies, along with a more efficient administration.

中國尊重非歧視性規(guī)則的國際營商慣例，遵守國民待遇等入世承諾，公平公正對待包括外商投資企業(yè)在內(nèi)的所有市場主體，歡迎跨國公司同中國企業(yè)開展各種形式合作。近年來，中國采取了一系列措施，推進投資便利化，大幅度取消限制類項目，推動以準入前國民待遇加負面清單的管理模式，及時解決外國投資者合理關切，保護他們的合法權益，努力營造公開透明的法律政策環(huán)境、高效的行政環(huán)境、平等競爭的市場環(huán)境。

According to surveys by the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad) and other authoritative international bodies, China remains the world's most attractive investment destination. Claims about a changing investment climate in China and foreign investors losing confidence in China are not backed by facts. In 2014, China received US$120 billion in foreign investment, more than any other country, and continued to be the leading destination among the developing countries for 23 years running. In the first eight months of this year, the actual amount of foreign investment used by China totaled US$85.3 billion, up by 9% from the corresponding period of the previous year. China will further ease market access for foreign investment. At the same time, we will improve regulations on foreign investment, amend relevant laws and better protect the lawful rights and interests of foreign investment in China.

聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會議等國際權威機構(gòu)調(diào)查表明，中國依然是當前全球最具吸引力的投資東道國。有關中國投資環(huán)境發(fā)生變化、外資對中國失去信心的說法很不符合實際。2014年，中國吸引外資規(guī)模居世界第一，達到1200億美元，連續(xù)23年保持發(fā)展中國家首位。今年頭8個月，中國實際利用外資853億美元，同比增長9%。中國將進一步放寬對外商投資的市場準入，同時也要健全外商投資監(jiān)管體系，修訂外商投資相關法律，依法保障外商投資企業(yè)合法權益。

It is my hope that other countries will keep their markets open to Chinese investors. We are against protectionism and discriminative policies of all forms, stand ready to properly settle economic and trade disputes with relevant countries through consultation, and promote a balanced multilateral economic and trade system that focuses on development and seeks win-win results.

希望外國市場的大門也能對中國投資者敞開。我們反對任何形式的保護主義、反對任何形式的歧視性政策，愿通過協(xié)商妥善解決同有關國家的經(jīng)貿(mào)分歧，積極推動建立均衡、共贏、關注發(fā)展的多邊經(jīng)貿(mào)體制。

10. The government has placed new restrictions and passed laws that limit expression on the Internet, particularly social media. Foreign news sites - including those of The Wall Street Journal - have been blocked. Foreign nonprofit groups, meanwhile, are alarmed by a proposed law that would place conditions on their operations in China. Is China opening up, or is the government concerned that foreign influence may cause turmoil in Chinese society?

《華爾街日報》：中國政府近年來對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關政策和法律進行了調(diào)整和強化，出臺了很多針對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的言論，尤其是在社交媒體上發(fā)表言論的禁令。包括《華爾街日報》網(wǎng)站在內(nèi)的很多外國網(wǎng)站在大陸地區(qū)陸續(xù)被封。之前發(fā)布的相關法律草案也讓外國非營利組織機構(gòu)擔憂其在中國的活動會進一步受到限制。中國還是否會對外開放，或是中國政府擔心外國的影響會導致中國出現(xiàn)社會動蕩?

XI:As one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the Internet has turned the world into a global village by profoundly changing the way people live and work and vigorously boosting social development. Though highly global, this new frontier is by no means a land beyond law. Rule of law also applies to the Internet, with the need to safeguard a country's sovereignty, security and development interests as relevant as in the real world.

習近平：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為20世紀最偉大的發(fā)明之一，把世界變成了“地球村”，深刻改變著人們的生產(chǎn)生活，有力推動著社會發(fā)展，具有高度全球化的特性。但是，這塊“新疆域”不是“法外之地”，同樣要講法治，同樣要維護國家主權、安全、發(fā)展利益。

Freedom and order must be upheld side by side in both cyberspace and the physical world. Freedom is the purpose of order, and order the guarantee of freedom. We need to fully respect netizens' rights to express themselves, while at the same time, ensure a sound cyberspace order to better protect the lawful rights and interests of all netizens. China's Internet is booming, providing immense opportunities and market horizon for businesses around the world. We welcome all foreign companies in China and will respect and protect their lawful rights and interests provided that they abide by the laws and regulations of China and do nothing to undermineChina's national interests and interests of Chinese consumers. The international community as a whole should work together to build a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyberspace on the basis of the principles of mutual respect and mutual trust.

網(wǎng)絡空間與現(xiàn)實社會一樣，既要提倡自由，也要遵守秩序。自由是秩序的目的，秩序是自由的保障。我們既要充分尊重網(wǎng)民交流思想、表達意愿的權利，也要構(gòu)建良好的網(wǎng)絡秩序，這也是為了更好保障廣大網(wǎng)民合法權益。中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)蓬勃發(fā)展，為各國企業(yè)提供了廣闊的發(fā)展機遇和市場空間。只要遵守中國法律法規(guī)，不損害中國國家利益和消費者利益，我們歡迎外國企業(yè)在華發(fā)展，尊重和保護外國企業(yè)合法利益。國際社會要本著相互尊重和相互信任的原則，共同構(gòu)建和平、安全、開放、合作的網(wǎng)絡空間。

Chinarecognizes the positive role of foreign nonprofit organizations (NPOs), welcomes and supports their development in China, and stands ready to provide them with necessary facilitation and assistance. Taking seriously the provision of services to and regulation of foreign NPOs in China, we will regulate, in accordance with law, their activities and protect their lawful rights and interests. All foreign NPOs should obey Chinese law and carry out their activities on a law-abiding and orderly basis.

中國肯定境外非營利組織的積極作用，歡迎和支持他們來華發(fā)展，我們愿繼續(xù)提供必要的便利和協(xié)助。中國重視境外非營利組織在華活動的服務管理工作，依法規(guī)范他們在華活動，保障他們在華合法權益。境外非營利組織在中國活動應該遵守中國法律，依法、規(guī)范、有序開展活動。