中國(guó)國(guó)家糧食儲(chǔ)備機(jī)構(gòu)將拍賣220萬(wàn)噸臨儲(chǔ)糧

China’s state grains reserves body will auction about2m tonnes of old corn stocks and 200,000 tonnes ofrice on Friday to clear space before the harvestseason starts, helping to chip away space in itsgrossly overstocked grains warehouses.

中國(guó)國(guó)家糧食儲(chǔ)備機(jī)構(gòu)將在周五拍賣約200萬(wàn)噸陳玉米庫(kù)存及20萬(wàn)噸大米，以便在收獲季節(jié)開始前清理倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)空間，幫助從其存貨過(guò)多的糧倉(cāng)中騰出空間。

China’s state reserves of corn, wheat, rice and otheragricultural commodities have climbed to high levelsthanks to a policy that set state purchasing prices well above market prices in China oroverseas. The huge size of the reserves, estimated at 250m tonnes for corn alone, nowthreatens to swamp markets if sold or run the risk of spoiling from prolonged storage.

由于一項(xiàng)令政府收購(gòu)價(jià)格大大高于中國(guó)或海外市場(chǎng)價(jià)的政策，中國(guó)的玉米、小麥、大米及其他農(nóng)業(yè)大宗商品的國(guó)家儲(chǔ)備已攀升至極高水平。據(jù)估計(jì)，僅玉米庫(kù)存就高達(dá)2.5億噸。如今，巨大的糧食儲(chǔ)備規(guī)模，一旦銷售很可能會(huì)淹沒整個(gè)市場(chǎng)，或者面臨因長(zhǎng)期存儲(chǔ)而損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

The state grains trading centre said it would sell corn grown in northern China in 2012, plusimported corn from 2011 and 2012, to designated buyers, understood to be feed companiesand other industrial processors. The choice of buyers indicates that the grain quality hasdeteriorated so that it is unsuitable for human food.

國(guó)家糧食交易中心表示，該中心將向指定買家銷售2012年在中國(guó)北方種植的玉米以及2011年到2012年期間進(jìn)口的玉米。按照人們的理解，這些指定買家是一些飼料企業(yè)和其他工業(yè)加工企業(yè)。對(duì)買家的選擇，表明這批玉米的品質(zhì)已經(jīng)惡化，不適合作為食品出售。

“We have too much old grains. They have to be sold off for cheap,” said Ma Wenfeng of BeijingOrient Agribusiness Consultant, a critic of China’s grains stockpiling policy.

中國(guó)糧食庫(kù)存政策的批評(píng)者、北京東方艾格農(nóng)業(yè)咨詢有限公司(Beijing Orient Agribusiness Consultants)馬文峰表示：“我們的陳糧太多了，必須廉價(jià)拋售。”

China’s state reserves normally keep grains for up to three years then rotate the old grains outto make room for the new harvest. The system is designed to keep grains to stabilise prices orfor use in case of a natural disaster.

通常，中國(guó)的國(guó)家糧食儲(chǔ)備會(huì)把糧食存儲(chǔ)最多三年，再把陳糧輪換出去，以便為新收獲糧食騰出空間。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)目的是通過(guò)糧食存儲(chǔ)確保價(jià)格穩(wěn)定，或在發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害時(shí)使用。

However, the poor quality of the stored grains and the high prices sought by the reserves bodyto avoid too great a loss on stocks purchased at above-market prices meant that much of thegrain put up for auction went unsold in recent years. Regular weekly grains auctions will kick offafter the stock-clearing sale on Friday.

不過(guò)，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)糧品質(zhì)低劣，而對(duì)于以高于市場(chǎng)價(jià)收購(gòu)的庫(kù)存，儲(chǔ)藏機(jī)構(gòu)為避免虧損過(guò)大而開出了很高的價(jià)格。這些因素導(dǎo)致最近幾年這些被拍賣的糧食許多都沒有賣出去。在周五的清理庫(kù)存銷售之后，中國(guó)將啟動(dòng)每周的定期糧食拍賣。

China’s mounting grain inventories are expected to further boost total global stocks to a newrecord of 474m tonnes for the crop year 2016-17, according to latest figures from theInternational Grains Council. At almost 200m tonnes, inventories in China may be the largestsince 1999-2000, nominally accounting for more than 40 per cent of the world total, said theIGC.

根據(jù)國(guó)際谷物理事會(huì)(International Grains Council，IGC)發(fā)布的最新數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)不斷增高的糧食庫(kù)存預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)進(jìn)一步推升全球總庫(kù)存，在2016-2017農(nóng)事年將其推升至4.74億噸的新紀(jì)錄。IGC表示，中國(guó)近2億噸庫(kù)存也許是1999至2000農(nóng)事年以來(lái)的最高水平，這一數(shù)字從表面上說(shuō)占了全球總庫(kù)存的40%以上。

China said this year it would scrap the minimum purchase price policy. The expectation oflower prices has already impacted plantings this year. Acreage planted with corn in the north-east breadbasket fell this year for the first time in 13 years, the vice minister of agriculture saidthis month.

今年，中國(guó)曾表示會(huì)取消最低收購(gòu)價(jià)政策。對(duì)價(jià)格降低的預(yù)期已經(jīng)對(duì)今年的糧食種植產(chǎn)生了影響。這個(gè)月，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部副部長(zhǎng)曾表示，今年?yáng)|北產(chǎn)糧區(qū)的玉米種植面積出現(xiàn)13年來(lái)首次減少。

After Beijing’s announcement, corn prices in China have fallen sharply. The price of thecommodity traded in Dalian is now at Rmb1,691 ($258) a tonne, down almost a fifth since thestart of the year.

在中國(guó)政府公布上述消息之后，中國(guó)玉米價(jià)格已急劇下跌。目前，大連交易的玉米大宗商品交易價(jià)格為每噸1691元人民幣(合258美元)，自今年初以來(lái)下跌了近五分之一。

The US Department of Agriculture officials last month warned that the Chinese governmentcould face paper losses of more than $10bn on its state-owned corn reserves as it shakes up itsagricultural support policy.

上個(gè)月，美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部官員曾警告稱，在整頓其農(nóng)業(yè)支持政策之際，中國(guó)政府在國(guó)有玉米儲(chǔ)備上可能會(huì)面臨逾100億美元的賬面虧損。

Administrative efforts to trim the reserves, for instance by issuing import quotas only tocompanies that agree to buy at the auctions, have backfired. Feed mills and food processorsprefer to buy or import fresh, cheaper grain and simply resell the unwanted old stocks back tothe warehouses, where it is entered in ledgers as new stocks.

中國(guó)降庫(kù)存的行政努力，比如只向同意在拍賣會(huì)上買入的企業(yè)發(fā)放進(jìn)口配額，已產(chǎn)生了不良后果。飼料廠和食品加工企業(yè)寧可買入或進(jìn)口更廉價(jià)的新鮮糧食，而把不想要的陳糧庫(kù)存轉(zhuǎn)手賣回存儲(chǔ)倉(cāng)庫(kù)，而這些陳糧庫(kù)存在這類倉(cāng)庫(kù)會(huì)以新庫(kù)存入賬。

The distortions of the grains reserve policy is amplified by lack of information about whatexactly the warehouses hold. Chinese media occasionally expose corruption in the grainsreserves system, including tales of cotton warehouses stuffed with mattresses and granariesthat mysteriously burn down shortly before inspectors are due to arrive.

而這些倉(cāng)庫(kù)具體存儲(chǔ)內(nèi)容信息的缺乏，則放大了糧食儲(chǔ)備政策的扭曲狀況。中國(guó)媒體曾偶然曝光糧食儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)中的腐敗現(xiàn)象，其中的傳聞包括棉花倉(cāng)庫(kù)充斥舊床墊、以及檢查人員到來(lái)前不久糧倉(cāng)神秘起火等。