奧巴馬發(fā)文章：2030年前送人類上火星并安然無(wú)恙返回地球

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬近日在CNN網(wǎng)站發(fā)布文章稱，美國(guó)政府將在本世紀(jì)30年代到來(lái)之前將人類送上火星并安全返回。在文章中奧巴馬提到，除了各領(lǐng)域的頂尖專家，美國(guó)還有上千個(gè)商業(yè)公司在從事航天研發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)。接下來(lái)兩年中會(huì)首次有私人企業(yè)送宇航員去國(guó)際太空站。在為CNN撰寫的一篇文章中，奧巴馬公布了他為太空探索設(shè)立的短期目標(biāo)：執(zhí)行前往火星的載人航天任務(wù)、讓宇航員安然無(wú)恙地返回地球，以及實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期居留的“雄心壯志”。

One of my earliest memories is sitting on my grandfather's shoulders, waving a flag as our astronauts returned to Hawaii. This was years before we'd set foot on the moon. Decades before we'd land a rover on Mars. A generation before photos from the International Space Station would show up in our social media feeds.

我最早的回憶之一，就是我坐在祖父的肩頭上，揮舞著小旗子，迎接宇航員們返回夏威夷。在那之后，又過(guò)了幾年，我們才成功登月;又過(guò)了幾十年，我們才向火星上發(fā)射了一臺(tái)登陸器;又過(guò)了一代人的時(shí)間，國(guó)際空間站拍攝的照片才得以出現(xiàn)在社交媒體上。

I still have the same sense of wonder about our space program that I did as a child. It represents an essential part of our character -- curiosity and exploration, innovation and ingenuity, pushing the boundaries of what's possible and doing it before anybody else. The space race we won not only contributed immeasurably important technological and medical advances, but it also inspired a new generation of scientists and engineers with the right stuff to keep America on the cutting edge.

而時(shí)至今日，我對(duì)太空項(xiàng)目的驚奇之心仍與童年時(shí)無(wú)異。它代表了人類性格中至關(guān)重要的一部分——好奇心和探索精神，創(chuàng)新精神和巧妙的技藝，不斷挑戰(zhàn)可能性的極限，并爭(zhēng)先恐后地去實(shí)現(xiàn)它。我們贏得了這場(chǎng)太空競(jìng)賽，不僅對(duì)科技和醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，還激勵(lì)了新一代的科學(xué)家和工程師，讓美國(guó)始終走在時(shí)代前列。

That's one of the reasons why, in my first address as President to the American people, I vowed to return science to its rightful place. In our first few months, my administration made the largest single investment in basic research in our history, and I went to the Kennedy Space Center to call for reimagining and reinvigorating our space program to explore more of our solar system and look deeper into the universe than ever.

因此，在我首次以總統(tǒng)身份向美國(guó)人民發(fā)表致辭時(shí)，我曾發(fā)誓說(shuō)，要讓科學(xué)發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。在我任期的頭幾個(gè)月中，我們做出了迄今為止在基礎(chǔ)研究上給出的最大一筆單項(xiàng)投資，我還來(lái)到了肯尼迪航天中心，呼吁大家一起使太空項(xiàng)目重新煥發(fā)生機(jī)，進(jìn)一步探索我們的太陽(yáng)系，并更加深入地研究宇宙。

In the years since, we've revitalized technology innovation at NASA, extended the life of the International Space Station, and helped American companies create private-sector jobs by capitalizing on the untapped potential of the space industry.

在那之后的幾年間，我們重振了NASA的科技創(chuàng)新精神，延長(zhǎng)了國(guó)際空間站的工作壽命，并向未開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)域的太空企業(yè)投資，幫助美國(guó)私營(yíng)企業(yè)創(chuàng)造出了更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)。

Last year alone, NASA discovered flowing water on Mars and evidence of ice on one of Jupiter's moons, and we mapped Pluto -- more than 3 billion miles away -- in high-resolution. Our space telescopes revealed additional Earth-like planets orbiting distant stars, and we're pursuing new missions to interact with asteroids, which will help us learn how to protect the Earth from the threat of colliding with one while also teaching us about the origins of life on Earth. We've flown by every planet in the solar system -- something no other nation can say. And we continue to drive down the cost of space exploration for taxpayers.

僅僅在去年一年當(dāng)中，NASA就實(shí)現(xiàn)了幾大壯舉：在火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)了液態(tài)水、在木星其中一顆衛(wèi)星上發(fā)現(xiàn)了冰的跡象、還給距地球30億英里(約合48億公里)之遙的冥王星拍攝了高分辨率照片。我們的太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡成功找到了一些圍繞著遙遠(yuǎn)的星球運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的類地行星，我們還開(kāi)展了一些與小行星有關(guān)的新任務(wù)，這將幫助我們更好地了解該如何保護(hù)地球、免遭小行星碰撞的威脅，其中一項(xiàng)研究還讓我們對(duì)地球上的生命起源有了更好的了解。我們已經(jīng)飛掠了太陽(yáng)系中的每一顆行星，別的國(guó)家都不曾做到過(guò)這一點(diǎn)。此外，我們還在不斷降低太空探索的成本，減輕納稅人的負(fù)擔(dān)。

This week, we'll convene some of America's leading scientists, engineers, innovators and students in Pittsburgh to dream up ways to build on our progress and find the next frontiers. Just five years ago, US companies were shut out of the global commercial launch market. Today, thanks to groundwork laid by the men and women of NASA, they own more than a third of it. More than 1,000 companies across nearly all 50 states are working on private space initiatives.

本周，我們將在匹茲堡召集一些美國(guó)頂尖的科學(xué)家、工程師、創(chuàng)新人士和學(xué)生，一起設(shè)想我們?cè)撊绾卫^續(xù)進(jìn)步下去，并找到下一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)的目標(biāo)。僅僅五年以前，在全球商業(yè)火箭發(fā)射市場(chǎng)上，美國(guó)企業(yè)還被人拒之門外。而如今，多謝NASA工作人員的兢兢業(yè)業(yè)，我們已經(jīng)占領(lǐng)了全球市場(chǎng)的三分之一。在全美將近50個(gè)州里，已經(jīng)有超過(guò)1000家企業(yè)正在開(kāi)展私人太空探索工作。

We have set a clear goal vital to the next chapter of America's story in space: sending humans to Mars by the 2030s and returning them safely to Earth, with the ultimate ambition to one day remain there for an extended time. Getting to Mars will require continued cooperation between government and private innovators, and we're already well on our way. Within the next two years, private companies will for the first time send astronauts to the International Space Station.

為了翻開(kāi)美國(guó)太空探索的新篇章，我們已經(jīng)設(shè)立了一個(gè)清晰的目標(biāo)：在本世紀(jì)30年代之前，把人類送上火星，然后再讓他們安然無(wú)恙地返回地球;同時(shí)還要抱有更大的雄心壯志，有朝一日讓宇航員在火星上停留更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。要想實(shí)現(xiàn)火星之旅，政府和私營(yíng)創(chuàng)新企業(yè)之間需要展開(kāi)進(jìn)一步合作，而我們已經(jīng)在這方面著手努力了。在接下來(lái)兩年內(nèi)，私營(yíng)企業(yè)將首次把宇航員送上國(guó)際空間站。

The next step is to reach beyond the bounds of Earth's orbit. I'm excited to announce that we are working with our commercial partners to build new habitats that can sustain and transport astronauts on long-duration missions in deep space. These missions will teach us how humans can live far from Earth -- something we'll need for the long journey to Mars.

而下一步便是飛出地球的軌道。我在此懷著激動(dòng)的心情宣布，我們正在與商業(yè)領(lǐng)域的合作伙伴聯(lián)手，共同打造新的太空居所，供宇航員在深空中執(zhí)行長(zhǎng)期任務(wù)時(shí)維持生活和進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸。這些任務(wù)可以幫助我們了解，人類能在距離地球多遠(yuǎn)的地方生活——如果我們要開(kāi)展前往火星的長(zhǎng)途旅行，這些信息都是我們需要去了解的。

The reporter who covered the moon landing for The New York Times, John Noble Wilford, later wrote that Mars tugs at our imagination "with a force mightier than gravity." Getting there will take a giant leap. But the first, small steps happen when our students -- the Mars generation -- walk into their classrooms each day. Scientific discovery doesn't happen with the flip of a switch; it takes years of testing, patience and a national commitment to education.

為《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》撰寫了登月報(bào)告的記者約翰•諾伯•威爾福德后來(lái)寫道，火星對(duì)我們的吸引力“比地心引力還大”。如果能到達(dá)火星，那將是一次巨大的飛躍。但在此之前，我們需要一步步地來(lái)。我們的學(xué)生每次邁進(jìn)教室、學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)，都是一次微小的進(jìn)步，他們是“火星一代”?？茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)得來(lái)不易，它需要經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)年累月的測(cè)試和耐心、還需要整個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)教育的重視。

President Eisenhower knew this: In 1958, he devoted great resources to science and math education around the same time he created NASA. And it's why I'm proud that we've passed important milestones in STEM education. For the first time, more than 100,000 engineers are graduating from American schools every year, and we're on track to accomplish my goal of training 100,000 excellent new STEM teachers in a decade.

艾森豪威爾總統(tǒng)就清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。1958年，差不多就在他創(chuàng)立NASA的那段時(shí)間，他還向科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)教育領(lǐng)域投入了大量資源。正因?yàn)槿绱?，我才因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)赟TEM教育(即科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程、數(shù)學(xué))中取得的成就而自豪。有史以來(lái)第一次，每年都有10萬(wàn)名工程師從美國(guó)的學(xué)校中畢業(yè)，而我們也正在實(shí)現(xiàn)我設(shè)定的、在十年內(nèi)訓(xùn)練出10萬(wàn)名卓越的STEM教師這一目標(biāo)。

When our Apollo astronauts looked back from space, they realized that while their mission was to explore the moon, they had "in fact discovered the Earth." If we make our leadership in space even stronger in this century than it was in the last, we won't just benefit from related advances in energy, medicine, agriculture and artificial intelligence, we'll benefit from a better understanding of our environment and ourselves.

當(dāng)阿波羅號(hào)上的宇航員在太空中回望地球時(shí)，他們意識(shí)到，雖然他們的任務(wù)是探索月球，但他們“實(shí)際上也發(fā)現(xiàn)了地球”。如果我們本世紀(jì)能進(jìn)一步確立太空探索在這個(gè)國(guó)家的領(lǐng)先地位，我們不僅能從相關(guān)領(lǐng)域、如能源、醫(yī)學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)和人工智能中大大受益，還能更好地理解我們的環(huán)境、以及我們自身，并從中受益無(wú)窮。

Someday, I hope to hoist my own grandchildren onto my shoulders. We'll still look to the stars in wonder, as humans have since the beginning of time. But instead of eagerly awaiting the return of our intrepid explorers, we'll know that because of the choices we make now, they've gone to space not just to visit, but to stay -- and in doing so, to make our lives better here on Earth.

有朝一日，我希望也能讓自己的孫輩坐在我的肩頭上。我們?nèi)詴?huì)滿懷好奇地凝視夜空中的繁星，就像人類自古以來(lái)做的那樣。但到那時(shí)，我們將不是等待勇敢的探險(xiǎn)者從太空中歸來(lái)，因?yàn)槲覀冎?，由于我們現(xiàn)在所做的決定，他們前往太空并不是進(jìn)行短期拜訪，而是長(zhǎng)期地停留——并通過(guò)這種做法，讓地球上的生活更加美好。