奧巴馬：全球化和技術(shù)變革引燃民粹主義

Barack Obama has blamed the rise of Donald Trump and Brexit on globalisation, technological change and suspicion of elites among millions of people still suffering the fallout of the 2008 financial crisis.

巴拉克•奧巴馬(Barack Obama)將唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)崛起和英國(guó)退歐歸咎于全球化、技術(shù)變革和因受到2008年金融危機(jī)沖擊波影響的數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人對(duì)精英的懷疑。

Speaking in Athens during his last foreign trip as US president, Mr Obama also criticised the Republican-dominated Congress for blocking many of his policies that were designed to address issues of inequality and people’s fears about the future.

他是在作為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)最后一次出訪期間在雅典發(fā)表這番講話的，他還指責(zé)由共和黨控制的美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)否決了他的很多政策，而這些政策旨在解決不平等問(wèn)題和人們對(duì)未來(lái)的擔(dān)憂。

He said voters had reacted to the disruption caused by globalisation and rapid technological change by producing Mr Trump’s shock victory in last week’s US election and the UK’s vote to leave the EU earlier this year.

他表示，特朗普在上周的美國(guó)大選中取得令人震驚的勝利，以及英國(guó)在今年早些時(shí)候投票脫離歐盟，都源于選民對(duì)全球化和快速技術(shù)變革造成的破壞作出反應(yīng)。

“Globalisation combined with technology combined with social media and constant information have disrupted peoples lives in very concrete ways — a manufacturing plant closes and suddenly an entire town no longer has what was the primary source of employment — and people are less certain of their national identities or their place in the world,” he said.

他表示：“全球化、技術(shù)以及社交媒體和源源不斷的信息以非常具體的方式擾亂了人們的生活：制造業(yè)工廠關(guān)閉，突然之間整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)不再擁有主要就業(yè)來(lái)源，人們對(duì)自己的國(guó)民身份認(rèn)同或者他們?cè)谑澜缟系牡匚蛔兊貌荒敲创_定。”

“There is no doubt [this] has produced populist movements both from the left and the right in many countries in Europe,” he added. “When you see a Donald Trump and a Bernie Sanders — very unconventional candidates who had considerable success — then obviously there is something there that is being tapped into: a suspicion of globalisation, a desire to rein in its excesses, a suspicion of elites and governing institutions that people feel may not be responsive to their immediate needs.”

“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，(這)導(dǎo)致歐洲很多國(guó)家出現(xiàn)了左翼和右翼的民粹運(yùn)動(dòng)，”他補(bǔ)充稱，“當(dāng)你看到唐納德•特朗普和伯尼•桑德斯(Bernie Sanders)時(shí)——他們是高度非常規(guī)的候選人，卻取得了巨大成功，顯然存在一些正在被挖掘的思潮：對(duì)全球化的懷疑，遏止全球化過(guò)分之處的愿望，對(duì)精英以及治理機(jī)構(gòu)的懷疑，人們覺(jué)得這些精英和機(jī)構(gòu)可能沒(méi)有對(duì)他們的迫切需求做出回應(yīng)。”

Mr Obama said he had tried to address issues such as “economic dislocation” in his eight years in the White House but that many of his policies had been blocked by Congress. “The more aggressively we deal with those issues, the less those fears may develop into counterproductive approaches that pit people against each other,” he said.

奧巴馬表示，他曾試圖在他擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)的8年時(shí)間里解決“經(jīng)濟(jì)脫臼”等問(wèn)題，但他的很多政策被國(guó)會(huì)否決。他表示：“我們?cè)绞欠e極地處理這些問(wèn)題，那些擔(dān)心就越不可能演變?yōu)槭屡c愿違的做法，讓人們互相對(duì)抗。”

Asked whether he had misread the mood of US voters, he said that despite the country’s economic recovery, people were left with a mixture of “fear and anxiety” about the future and suspicious of the role of Wall Street and special interests in Washington. “A lot of people thought I did a pretty good job . . . perhaps the mood among the American people was ‘we just need to shake things up’.

在被問(wèn)及他是否誤讀了美國(guó)選民的情緒時(shí)，他表示，盡管美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，但人們?nèi)詫?duì)未來(lái)感到“擔(dān)心和焦慮”并對(duì)華爾街和華盛頓特殊利益的角色感到懷疑。“很多人認(rèn)為我做得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)……或許美國(guó)人民的情緒是‘我們只是需要改變一下’。”

Mr Obama warned that wrapping people’s genuine concerns in issues of ethnic, religious and cultural identity could be “a volatile mix”.

奧巴馬警告稱，用種族、宗教和文化認(rèn)同問(wèn)題來(lái)包裝人們的真正關(guān)切可能構(gòu)成“一個(gè)不穩(wěn)定的組合”。

“Time will now tell whether the prescriptions that are being offered — whether Brexit or with respect to the US election — end up actually satisfying those people who have been fearful or angry or concerned. I think that is going to be an interesting test.”

“時(shí)間將告訴我們，目前提供的處方——不管是英國(guó)退歐還是美國(guó)選舉的事情——最終能否讓那些感到害怕、憤怒或擔(dān)心的人滿意。我認(rèn)為這將是一場(chǎng)有意思的考驗(yàn)。”