菲律賓國防部長：不做中國的附庸

The Philippines is rearming itself and strengthening defence ties with its east Asian neighbours amid a security upheaval triggered by superpower rivalries in a region crucial to world trade.

菲律賓將重新武裝自己并加強與東亞鄰國的防務(wù)合作。此際，超級大國在該地區(qū)的競爭正在引發(fā)安全動蕩。該地區(qū)對于全球貿(mào)易至關(guān)重要。

Delfin Lorenzana, Philippine secretary of national defence, said Manila wanted to reduce its military dependence on the US but would not become a Chinese client state despite President Rodrigo Duterte’s courting of Beijing.

菲律賓國防部長德芬•洛倫扎納(Delfin Lorenzana)表示，菲律賓希望降低對美國的軍事依賴，但不會成為中國的附庸，盡管菲律賓總統(tǒng)羅德里戈•杜特爾特(Rodrigo Duterte)向中國示好。

“We are buying ships from Indonesia, aeroplanes from Korea, ships from Korea. Japan is providing us some ships,” said Mr Lorenzana, who has in his office a large model of a Korean-made FA-50 fighter, an aircraft already being delivered to the Philippines.

洛倫扎納表示：“我們正從印尼購買艦船，從韓國購買飛機和艦船。日本也正在為我們提供一些艦船。”他的辦公室里有一架韓國生產(chǎn)的FA-50戰(zhàn)斗機的大尺寸模型，韓國已向菲律賓交付該型號飛機。

“We will maintain our relationship with the United States and maybe develop some more defence relationships with the Asean [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] neighbours,” he said in an interview with the Financial Times.

洛倫扎納在接受英國《金融時報》采訪時表示：“我們將保持與美國的關(guān)系，還可能會與東盟(Asean)鄰國發(fā)展更多的防務(wù)關(guān)系。”

The Philippines is at the heart of a scramble in the Pacific to cope with China’s territorial ambitions and new uncertainties created by Donald Trump’s election as US president.

太平洋地區(qū)正忙于應(yīng)對中國的領(lǐng)土野心以及唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)后所產(chǎn)生的不確定性，菲律賓正處于這一漩渦的中心。

Mr Lorenzana said Philippine officials from Mr Duterte down wanted to “expand our horizons” in an evolving campaign to improve the country’s “very weak” defence capabilities. He said he was hoping congress would approve a second phase of military modernisation spending to the tune of about $2.3bn over the next five years.

洛倫扎納表示，杜特爾特手下的菲律賓官員希望在提高該國“非常薄弱”的國防實力的不斷努力中“擴大我們的視野”。他表示，他希望國會批準(zhǔn)未來5年約23億美元的第二階段軍事現(xiàn)代化支出計劃。

Manila is shopping widely for equipment to build up its navy, air force and coastguard — including from Beijing.

菲律賓正廣泛采購裝備，包括從中國采購裝備，以增強其海軍、空軍和海岸警衛(wèi)隊的實力。

The Philippines is looking to deepen defence co-operation with other large Southeast Asian countries that have overlapping claims with China, notably Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia.

菲律賓正計劃加深與其他同中國存在重疊領(lǐng)土主張的東南亞大國的國防合作，特別是與越南、印尼和馬來西亞。

Manila’s problems in sourcing spare parts for US military equipment after it forced Washington to withdraw from Philippine bases in the early 1990s had “left a mark in our psyche that it’s not good to rely on one country for your defence”, Mr Lorenzana said.

洛倫扎納表示，上世紀(jì)90年代初，在菲律賓迫使美國退出菲律賓基地后，菲律賓在為美國軍事設(shè)備采購零配件上遇到的問題“給我們的心理造成了影響，讓我們明白國防依賴一個國家不是好事”。

Even so, he said: “I don’t think we will cut off ties with the United States. The people relations between the two countries are still huge. We have 100,000 Americans living here and there are about 3m Filipinos living in the States.”

盡管如此，他仍表示：“我認為，我們不會切斷與美國的聯(lián)系。兩國人民的聯(lián)系仍很緊密。我們有10萬美國人生活在這里，在美國生活的菲律賓人有大約300萬。”

Mr Lorenzana, a former army major general, was stationed at the Philippine embassy in Washington for more than a decade and has three children living in the US.

洛倫扎納是前陸軍少將。他曾在菲律賓駐美國大使館任職10余年，他的3個孩子居住在美國。

The defence secretary and other senior Philippine ministers have had to interpret a dramatic shift in foreign policy since Mr Duterte took office in June. A president who once pledged to ride a jet ski to plant his country’s flag on territory contested with China has since distanced himself from a long-awaited international tribunal ruling in July that delivered victory to Manila over Beijing.

洛倫扎納和菲律賓其他高級部長不得不去解釋自杜特爾特6月上臺以來外交政策的巨大變化。這位菲律賓總統(tǒng)曾發(fā)誓駕駛摩托艇將菲律賓的國旗插在與中國存在領(lǐng)土爭議的島嶼上，但后來卻與今年7月一項該國期待已久的國際仲裁保持距離，這項裁決的結(jié)果是菲律賓勝訴，中國敗訴。

The Philippine leader used a trip to China in October to dismiss the judgment as “just a piece of paper” and announce Manila’s “separation” from Washington. Since then China seems to have allowed Philippine fishermen to return to Scarborough Shoal, a rocky outcrop that has been a subject of bitter dispute since 2012. But Mr Lorenzana suggested the dispute was far from over, noting the Philippines still felt it had the stronger claim. He styled China a friend rather than an ally, adding that neighbouring countries had warned Manila to be careful in dealings with Beijing.

杜特爾特在今年10月訪華時，把這項裁決稱為“只是一張紙”，并宣布菲律賓與美國“分離”。此后，中國似乎已允許菲律賓漁民回到斯卡伯勒淺灘(Scarborough Shoal，中國稱黃巖島——譯者注)，這片露出水面的巖層2012年以來一直是激烈爭端的焦點。但洛倫扎納表示，這場爭端遠未結(jié)束，他指出，菲律賓仍認為自己的聲索依據(jù)更為充分。他把中國列為朋友，而非盟友，他補充稱，鄰國一直警告菲律賓在與中國打交道時要謹慎。

“We will stand up for our rights but not now, especially as we have a very weak defence capability,” he said. “We do not even have a big enough ship to maybe confront the Chinese coastguard face to face.”

“我們將捍衛(wèi)自己的權(quán)利，但不是現(xiàn)在，特別是在我們的國防實力非常薄弱之際，”他表示，“我們甚至沒有足夠大的艦船來面對面地對抗中國的海警。”

Mr Lorenzana stressed that the US-Philippine relationship would endure. He said the US had “neglected” Southeast Asian security because it was preoccupied with problems such as the Middle East and Ukraine, allowing China to start “grabbing islands”.

洛倫扎納強調(diào)，美國與菲律賓的關(guān)系將長久保持。他表示，美國“忽視”東南亞安全的原因是美國被中東和烏克蘭等問題占據(jù)了精力，這讓中國開始“搶占島嶼”。

But he said the Philippines had no plans to scrap its 1951 security treaty with Washington, stop US access to bases for equipment storage or expel US troops in the southern Philippine islands where radical Islamist groups are active. Joint military exercises would remain, with some reformatting to focus more on areas such as disaster relief and humanitarian assistance.

但他表示，菲律賓無意放棄其與美國在1951年簽訂的安全條約，也不計劃阻止美國進入基地存放設(shè)備，或?qū)⒚绹婈狉?qū)逐出激進伊斯蘭組織活躍的菲律賓南部島嶼。聯(lián)合軍事演習(xí)仍將進行，一些演習(xí)將重新規(guī)劃，更多側(cè)重于救災(zāi)和人道援助等領(lǐng)域。

Mr Lorenzana noted that Mr Duterte had damped his anti-US rhetoric since Mr Trump’s election. The Philippine government says Mr Trump has invited Mr Duterte to the White House next year, although the US president-elect’s team has not confirmed this.

洛倫扎納指出，自從特朗普當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)以來，杜特爾特弱化了其反美言論。菲律賓政府表示，特朗普已邀請杜特爾特明年訪美，不過特朗普的團隊尚未證實這點。

“I don’t know what the relationship will be between my president and president-elect Trump once he gets inaugurated,” Mr Lorenzana said. “But since [Trump] won, I think my president has not attacked the United States that much, not any more.”

“我不知道一旦特朗普就職，我國總統(tǒng)與特朗普之間的關(guān)系會如何發(fā)展，”洛倫扎納表示，“但自從(特朗普)當(dāng)選后，我認為，我國總統(tǒng)沒有大肆抨擊過美國，再也沒有。”

Additional reporting by Minnie

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