中國(guó)就市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位起訴美國(guó)和歐盟

China has launched a legal challenge against the EU and US over their reluctance to treat it as a “market economy” under World Trade Organisation rules.

中國(guó)對(duì)歐盟和美國(guó)發(fā)起了法律挑戰(zhàn)，原因是它們不愿意把中國(guó)視為世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)規(guī)則下的“市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)”。

Beijing is unhappy with a provision that allows trading partners to use a special formula and prices in third countries to calculate punitive tariffs for non-market economies in anti-dumping cases. It is pushing for the provision to expire with Sunday’s 15th anniversary of its WTO membership.

北京方面不滿意入世時(shí)的一項(xiàng)條款，該條款允許貿(mào)易伙伴在針對(duì)非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的反傾銷案件中，使用特殊公式和第三國(guó)的價(jià)格來(lái)計(jì)算懲罰性關(guān)稅。它正在推動(dòng)這項(xiàng)條款在12月11日中國(guó)入世15周年之際終止。

But the EU, US, Japan and other WTO members have resisted the move, prompting China on Monday to take the first step in launching a case with the global trade regulator.

但是歐盟、美國(guó)、日本和其他世貿(mào)組織成員抵制這一舉動(dòng)，促使中國(guó)周一邁出了在世貿(mào)組織提起訴訟的第一步。

In a statement, China’s commerce ministry said it had requested consultations with both the EU and US and would seek to have a WTO panel rule.

中國(guó)商務(wù)部在一份聲明中說(shuō)，它已經(jīng)要求與歐盟和美國(guó)分別展開磋商，并將尋求由一個(gè)世貿(mào)組織專家組進(jìn)行裁決。

“China has communicated through many channels for the third-country comparison to expire. What’s very regrettable is that EU and US have not acted to allow it to expire. It has had a severe impact on Chinese exports,” it said. “China is protecting its lawful rights and acting appropriately to maintain the WTO rules.”

“中方此前已在多雙邊場(chǎng)合與相關(guān)世貿(mào)組織成員認(rèn)真溝通，敦促其善意履行義務(wù)，按期終止反傾銷‘替代國(guó)’做法。但令人遺憾的是，美國(guó)、歐盟迄今沒有履行義務(wù)……對(duì)中國(guó)相關(guān)行業(yè)出口和就業(yè)造成了嚴(yán)重影響，”中國(guó)商務(wù)部稱。“中方提起世貿(mào)訴訟，維護(hù)自身合法權(quán)益和國(guó)際貿(mào)易規(guī)則的嚴(yán)肅性。”

The EU and US have resisted China’s bid for market economy status amid a flood of cheap Chinese steel on to world markets, which has sparked a wave of politically sensitive anti-dumping cases. In the EU, fears of an onslaught of cheap Chinese goods prompted the European Commission to recommend a fundamental shift in how it conducts anti-dumping cases. Under EU rules, Brussels imposed a 21 per cent tariff on the same steel products that were hit with a 266 per cent US tariff in 2015.

歐盟和美國(guó)抵制中國(guó)獲得市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的背景是，中國(guó)低價(jià)鋼材大量涌入世界市場(chǎng)，引發(fā)了一波政治敏感的反傾銷案件。在歐盟，對(duì)中國(guó)廉價(jià)產(chǎn)品大量涌來(lái)的擔(dān)心，已促使歐盟委員會(huì)(European Commission)建議對(duì)其調(diào)查反傾銷案件的方式進(jìn)行根本轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)歐盟規(guī)則，布魯塞爾對(duì)中國(guó)某些鋼材征收21%的關(guān)稅，而同樣的產(chǎn)品2015年在美國(guó)遭遇266%的關(guān)稅。

But the EU had hoped it could defuse the fight with Beijing by making other changes to its legislation.

但歐盟曾希望，它可以通過(guò)對(duì)其法律進(jìn)行其他修改來(lái)化解與北京方面的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。

“We regret that China is launching this dispute now despite the fact that the commission has already made a proposal to amend the legislation in question,” a spokesman for the commission said.

“我們感到遺憾的是，盡管歐盟委員會(huì)已提出修訂相關(guān)法律的建議，中方仍提交這一糾紛，”歐盟委員會(huì)發(fā)言人表示。