最新研究：對(duì)音樂(lè)沒(méi)感覺(jué)? 這也許是種病

Have you ever met someone who just wasn’t into music? They may have a condition called specific musical anhedonia, which affects three-to-five percent of the population.

你有沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)一些人，他們就是不喜歡音樂(lè)?他們或許患有一種被稱(chēng)作特異性音樂(lè)快感缺乏癥的疾病，這樣的人在全球總?cè)丝谥姓?%到5%。

Researchers at the University of Barcelona (Spain) and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital of McGill University (Canada) have discovered that people with this condition showed reduced functional connectivity between cortical regions responsible for processing sound and subcortical regions related to reward.

西班牙巴塞羅那大學(xué)、加拿大蒙特利爾神經(jīng)學(xué)研究所和麥基爾大學(xué)醫(yī)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，患這種病的人，他們負(fù)責(zé)處理聲音的腦皮層區(qū)域與處理獎(jiǎng)賞的皮層下區(qū)域之間的連通性較弱。

To understand the origins of specific musical anhedonia, researchers recruited 45 healthy participants who completed a questionnaire measuring their level of sensitivity to music and divided them into three groups of sensitivity based on their responses. The test subjects then listened to music excerpts inside an fMRI machine while providing pleasure ratings in real-time. To control for their brain response to other reward types, participants also played a monetary gambling task in which they could win or lose real money.

為了理解這種特異性音樂(lè)快感缺乏癥的根源，研究人員招募了45位健康人士完成了一份測(cè)試其對(duì)音樂(lè)敏感度的問(wèn)卷，根據(jù)測(cè)試結(jié)果將他們分成了三組，接著給被試組分別在功能性磁共振成像機(jī)內(nèi)聆聽(tīng)一段音樂(lè)，并實(shí)時(shí)提供快樂(lè)評(píng)級(jí)。為了控制在其他獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)類(lèi)型時(shí)大腦的反應(yīng)，參與者還用真錢(qián)玩起了賭博。

Using the fMRI data, the researchers found that while listening to music, specific musical anhedonics presented a reduction in the activity of the nucleus accumbens, a key subcortical structure of the reward network. The reduction was not related to a general improper functioning of the nucleus accumbens itself, since this region was activated when they won money in the gambling task.

分析功能性磁共振成像數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，特異性音樂(lè)快感缺乏癥患者聽(tīng)音樂(lè)時(shí)，獎(jiǎng)賞系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵皮層下結(jié)構(gòu)伏隔核的活動(dòng)較弱。這種減弱并不意味著伏隔核本身功能失常，因?yàn)楫?dāng)這些患者在賭博中贏錢(qián)時(shí)，該區(qū)域就被激活。

Specific musical anhedonics, however, did show reduced functional connectivity between cortical regions associated with auditory processing and the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, individuals with high sensitivity to music showed enhanced connectivity.

不過(guò)，特異性音樂(lè)快感缺乏癥患者處理聲音的皮層區(qū)域與伏隔核的連通性卻減弱了。相比之下，對(duì)音樂(lè)高度敏感的人二者之間的連通性增強(qiáng)了。

The fact that subjects could be insensible to music while still responsive to another stimulus like money suggests different pathways to reward for different stimuli. This finding may pave the way for the detailed study of the neural substrates underlying other domain-specific anhedonias and, from an evolutionary perspective, help us to understand how music acquired reward value.

研究參與者對(duì)音樂(lè)麻木，卻對(duì)金錢(qián)等其他刺激物產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)的事實(shí)說(shuō)明針對(duì)不同刺激物，獎(jiǎng)賞通路不同。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)或許能為詳細(xì)研究其他快感缺乏癥的神經(jīng)學(xué)機(jī)制打下基礎(chǔ)，且能從革命性視角幫助我們理解音樂(lè)是如何獲得獎(jiǎng)賞價(jià)值的。

Lack of brain connectivity has been shown to be responsible for other deficits in cognitive ability. Studies of children with autism spectrum disorder, for example, have shown that their inability to experience the human voice as pleasurable may be explained by a reduced coupling between the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus and distributed nodes of the reward system, including the nucleus accumbens.

大腦連通性缺失也與認(rèn)知能力的其他缺陷相關(guān)。比如，針對(duì)泛自閉癥障礙兒童開(kāi)展的研究顯示，他們之所以不能從人類(lèi)的聲音中體會(huì)快樂(lè)，可能是因?yàn)楹箫D上溝與伏隔核等獎(jiǎng)賞系統(tǒng)的分布式節(jié)點(diǎn)連通不足。

"These findings not only help us to understand individual variability in the way the reward system functions, but also can be applied to the development of therapies for treatment of reward-related disorders, including apathy, depression, and addiction," says Robert Zatorre, a Montreal Neurological Institute neuroscientist and one of the paper’s co-authors.

該研究論文的合著作者之一、蒙特利爾神經(jīng)學(xué)研究所的神經(jīng)學(xué)家羅伯特.扎托雷說(shuō)：“這些研究成果不僅幫助我們理解獎(jiǎng)賞系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行方式的個(gè)體差異，還可用于開(kāi)發(fā)治療冷漠、抑郁和成癮等與獎(jiǎng)賞有關(guān)疾病的方法。”