大眾管理層“授權(quán)隱瞞”排放作弊行為
美國(guó)檢察官周一披露的刑事起訴文件顯示，大眾汽車(Volkswagen)高管在2015年夏聽取了關(guān)于處于柴油排放丑聞核心的作弊軟件的匯報(bào)，并指示繼續(xù)隱瞞。
VW employees briefed “executive management” in July 2015 at the German carmaker’s headquarters in Wolfsburg, Germany, about the use of software-based defeat devices to understate emissions in official tests, says a criminal complaint about the company’s former head of compliance in the US.
據(jù)一份對(duì)大眾前美國(guó)合規(guī)主管提起刑事訴訟的文件顯示，2015年7月，大眾員工在德國(guó)沃爾夫斯堡的大眾總部，向“行政管理層”匯報(bào)了在官方排放測(cè)試中使用基于軟件的減效裝置來低報(bào)排放數(shù)據(jù)的情況。
“Rather than advocate for disclosure of the defeat device to US regulators, VW executive management authorised its continued concealment,” adds the complaint.
刑事起訴文件寫道：“大眾行政管理層授權(quán)繼續(xù)隱瞞，而不是要求向美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)披露減效裝置。”
The VW employees allegedly involved in the briefing included Oliver Schmidt, a VW veteran who was head of compliance in the US in 2012 and 2015 and is scheduled to be arraigned on Monday in Miami.
涉嫌參與了匯報(bào)的大眾員工包括在2012年至2015年擔(dān)任大眾美國(guó)合規(guī)主管的奧利弗•施密特(Oliver Schmidt)。施密特是大眾的資深員工，于周一在邁阿密接受傳訊。
The conduct outlined in the criminal complaint raises the likelihood that some more senior VW executives in Germany and the US could face charges, said one Department of Justice official.
美國(guó)司法部的一位官員表示，刑事起訴文件中列舉的行為提升了更高級(jí)別的大眾德國(guó)和美國(guó)高管面臨指控的可能性。
It comes at a time when VW is seeking to finalise a criminal settlement with the US authorities over the emissions scandal.
目前大眾正尋求與美國(guó)當(dāng)局就排放丑聞達(dá)成刑事和解。
Such a deal would be a milestone in VW’s efforts to draw a line under the affair, which has become the worst crisis in the company’s history.
這一和解將是大眾為了結(jié)此事所做努力的一個(gè)里程碑——排放丑聞已成為該公司歷史上最嚴(yán)重的危機(jī)。
Mr Schmidt is accused of conspiring for nearly a decade to conceal from US regulators the existence of defeat devices in VW diesel cars, according to the criminal complaint filed in federal court in Detroit.
在底特律聯(lián)邦法庭提交的刑事起訴文件顯示，施密特被控在近十年時(shí)間里密謀向美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)隱瞞大眾柴油車減效裝置的存在。
He is also accused of defrauding the US by impairing the Environmental Protection Agency’s emissions control programme, cheating VW customers, and violating the Clean Air Act.
他還被控欺騙美國(guó)，破壞美國(guó)國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)局(Environmental Protection Agency)的排放控制項(xiàng)目、欺騙大眾汽車的消費(fèi)者、以及違反《清潔空氣法》(Clean Air Act)。
For several weeks before VW admitted to US regulators in September 2015 that its diesel cars had cheated emissions tests, employees worried about the danger of criminal penalties for their actions, says the criminal complaint.
刑事起訴文件顯示，在大眾2015年9月向美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)承認(rèn)其柴油車在排放測(cè)試中作弊之前的數(shù)周時(shí)間里，員工們擔(dān)心他們的行為可能遭受刑事處罰。
VW’s “executive management” in Wolfsburg requested a briefing on the US situation, which took place on July 27 2015, says the criminal complaint.
刑事起訴文件顯示，大眾在沃爾夫斯堡的“行政管理層”要求聽取有關(guān)美國(guó)情況的匯報(bào)，匯報(bào)是在2015年7月27日進(jìn)行的。
For that briefing, Mr Schmidt and several colleagues prepared a slide on the potential outcomes of a meeting with California regulators scheduled for the following week.
施密特和數(shù)位同事為此次匯報(bào)準(zhǔn)備了幻燈片，描述了在接下來的一周與加州監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)晤的潛在后果。
A “positive” meeting would result in the needed certification to sell VW cars in the US. But a “negative” outcome raised the question “Indictment?”, according to the criminal complaint.
起訴文件顯示，一場(chǎng)“積極”會(huì)晤將會(huì)讓大眾獲得在美國(guó)銷售汽車所需的牌照，但一場(chǎng)“消極”會(huì)晤可能引發(fā)“起訴?”的問題。
Mr Schmidt’s arrest by the Federal Bureau of Investigation marks the latest development in a scandal dating back more than a decade. In 2006, VW engineers realised that a new diesel engine they had designed would not be powerful enough to satisfy car owners and not green enough to pass muster with regulators.
施密特被美國(guó)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局(FBI)逮捕標(biāo)志著這項(xiàng)可追溯到十多年前的丑聞的最新發(fā)展。在2006年，大眾工程師意識(shí)到，他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的新柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)沒有令車主滿意的足夠強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)力，也不符合監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的環(huán)保要求。
The new engine was the centrepiece of an ambitious strategy to boost VW sales in the US market. Rather than admit defeat, the company wrote software called a defeat device to cheat emissions tests.
這款新的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是大眾擴(kuò)大在美國(guó)市場(chǎng)銷量這一雄心勃勃的戰(zhàn)略的核心。大眾沒有承認(rèn)失敗，反而編寫了一個(gè)被稱為減效裝置的軟件在尾氣排放檢測(cè)中作弊。
The device was programmed to recognise when a diesel car was undergoing the government’s standard laboratory tests and operate in accordance with EPA limits.
該裝置能夠識(shí)別出柴油汽車何時(shí)在接受政府標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)，并在這時(shí)根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)局的規(guī)定運(yùn)行。
But when driven on the road, the software allowed the cars to spew up to 40 times the allowable levels of nitrogen oxide.
但在實(shí)際道路行駛時(shí)，該軟件可以讓汽車的氮氧化物排放量最高達(dá)到規(guī)定水平的40倍。
“VW employees knew that if they had told the truth and disclosed the existence of the defeat device, VW could not have sold any of its diesel vehicles in the United States,” says the criminal complaint.
刑事起訴書稱：“大眾員工知道，如果他們說實(shí)話并披露減效裝置的存在，大眾不可能在美國(guó)銷售其柴油汽車。”
VW’s scheme began unravelling in early 2014 when a study ordered by the International Council on Clean Transportation, a non-profit organisation, detected the higher readings on the road emissions by VW diesel cars.
2014年初，大眾的計(jì)劃開始暴露，當(dāng)時(shí)非營(yíng)利組織國(guó)際清潔運(yùn)輸委員會(huì)(International Council on Clean Transportation)下令展開的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大眾柴油汽車在實(shí)際道路上行駛時(shí)的尾氣排放量較高。
In April 2014, after learning of the study’s findings, Mr Schmidt emailed a colleague about the issue: “It should first be decided whether we are honest. If we are not honest, everything stays as it is.”
2014年4月，在得知這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果后，施密特就此事給一名同事發(fā)送電郵：“首先應(yīng)該確定我們是否要誠(chéng)實(shí)。如果我們不要誠(chéng)實(shí)，那就一切保持原樣。”
VW formed an ad hoc engineering task force to handle regulators’ questions.
大眾汽車組成了一個(gè)特別工程師任務(wù)小組來處理監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的質(zhì)詢。
“VW employees determined not to disclose to US regulators that the tested vehicle models operated with a defeat device,” says the criminal complaint.
刑事起訴書稱：“大眾員工決定不向美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)披露接受檢測(cè)的汽車安裝了減效裝置。
“Instead, VW employees pursued a strategy of concealing the defeat device in responding to questions from US regulators, while appearing to co-operate.”
“相反，大眾員工表面上裝出合作的樣子，卻在回答美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的問題時(shí)隱瞞了這個(gè)減效裝置。”
By the summer of 2015, Mr Schmidt was directly involved in efforts to deal with regulators’ increasingly pointed questions.
到2015年夏，施密特直接參與處理監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)日益尖銳的問題。
James Robert Liang, a VW engineer, in September became the first person to plead guilty to criminal charges, including conspiring to defraud US customers and regulators. He agreed to co-operate with US government investigators in return for leniency.
去年9月，大眾工程師詹姆斯•羅伯特•梁(James Robert Liang)成為首位對(duì)刑事指控認(rèn)罪的大眾員工，這些指控包括合謀欺騙美國(guó)消費(fèi)者和監(jiān)管者。他同意與美國(guó)政府調(diào)查人員合作，以換取寬大處理。
Prosecutors also are getting help from two other VW insiders, who worked in the company’s engine development department, says the criminal complaint.
刑事起訴書稱，檢察官還得到了另外兩名大眾內(nèi)部人士的幫助，他們?cè)诖蟊姲l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)開發(fā)部門工作。
They are co-operating in return for assurances that they will not be prosecuted in the US.
他們與檢方合作的條件是保證他們不會(huì)在美國(guó)被起訴。
From 2012 to 2015, Mr Schmidt was general manager of VW’s environmental engineering office in Michigan, which was responsible for dealing with US regulatory agencies such as the EPA and the California Air Resources Board.
2012年到2015年，施密特?fù)?dān)任大眾密歇根環(huán)境工程辦公室的總經(jīng)理，該部門負(fù)責(zé)與美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)打交道，例如美國(guó)國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)局和加州空氣資源委員會(huì)(California Air Resources Board)。
In March 2015, he was promoted to the post of principal deputy to the head of engine development in Wolfsburg.
2015年3月，他被晉升為位于沃爾夫斯堡的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)開發(fā)部門的副主管。
