《中國(guó)制造2025》遭歐洲商界批評(píng)

Beijing’s plans to create national champions in 10 high-tech manufacturing sectors by 2025 has come under fire from European businesses, which fear Chinese producers could swamp whole industries with overcapacity and spark a protectionist backlash.

中國(guó)政府計(jì)劃在2025年以前，在10個(gè)高科技制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域打造國(guó)家冠軍企業(yè)。這一計(jì)劃受到歐洲商界的抨擊，后者擔(dān)心中國(guó)制造商會(huì)以過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能淹沒(méi)整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)、并引發(fā)保護(hù)主義反彈。

The EU Chamber of Commerce in Beijing on Tuesday released a 70-page critique of China’s industrial policy, known as China Manufacturing 2025.

位于北京的中國(guó)歐盟商會(huì)(European Chamber of Commerce in China)周二發(fā)布了一份長(zhǎng)達(dá)70頁(yè)、題為《中國(guó)制造2025：產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)弈市場(chǎng)力量》(China Manufacturing 2025)的報(bào)告，批評(píng)中國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策。

“The broad set of policy tools that are being employed to facilitate CM2025’s development are highly problematic,” said the chamber, which represents European businesses in China. The report was timed to coincide with the National People’s Congress, the annual meeting of China’s rubber-stamp legislature.

這家代表歐洲在華企業(yè)的商會(huì)表示：“用來(lái)推動(dòng)落實(shí)《中國(guó)制造2025》的諸多政策手段是有很大問(wèn)題的。”該報(bào)告的發(fā)布恰逢中國(guó)的“橡皮圖章”立法機(jī)關(guān)全國(guó)人大召開年會(huì)之際。

The chamber said, for instance, that foreign carmakers with electric models were being pressed to turn over their battery technology to Chinese partners in exchange for being able to produce and sell in China.

該商會(huì)舉例稱，擁有電動(dòng)車型的外國(guó)車企正面臨壓力，要它們把自己的電池技術(shù)交給中方合作伙伴，以換取能夠在中國(guó)生產(chǎn)和銷售。

“European business is facing intense pressure to turn over advanced technology in exchange for near-term market access,” according to the report.

報(bào)告稱：“例如，近來(lái)通過(guò)的一項(xiàng)新能源汽車領(lǐng)域的政策令歐洲企業(yè)需以先進(jìn)技術(shù)換取近期市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入而面臨巨大壓力。”

Other measures that have been already implemented, such as subsiding local producers of battery-powered cars, are possibly in violation of China’s commitments to the World Trade Organisation, the EU Chamber said. However, foreign businesses fear WTO resolution may not be an option given the length of time the process takes and the potential for retaliation by China.

中國(guó)歐盟商會(huì)表示，其他已經(jīng)實(shí)施的措施——比如補(bǔ)貼本土電池動(dòng)力汽車生產(chǎn)商——可能違反了中國(guó)對(duì)世貿(mào)組織(WTO)的承諾。不過(guò)，外國(guó)企業(yè)擔(dān)心，將問(wèn)題訴諸WTO來(lái)解決也許不是一個(gè)合適的選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)流程耗時(shí)太久，而且中國(guó)有可能會(huì)報(bào)復(fù)。

On Sunday, at the opening of the NPC, China’s government appeared to react to criticism of its manufacturing plans, saying in a government work report: “Foreign firms will be treated the same as domestic firms when it comes to licence applications, standard-setting and government procurement, and will enjoy the same preferential policies under the Made in China 2025 initiative.”

上周日，在全國(guó)人大年會(huì)開幕時(shí)，中國(guó)政府似乎針對(duì)外界對(duì)其制造業(yè)計(jì)劃的批評(píng)作出了回應(yīng)，它在一份政府工作報(bào)告中稱：“在資質(zhì)許可、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定、政府采購(gòu)、享受《中國(guó)制造2025》政策等方面，對(duì)內(nèi)外資企業(yè)一視同仁。”