韓國(guó)計(jì)劃組建無(wú)人機(jī)集群

South Korea will create an armed drone unit to swarm into North Korea in the event of a conflict as Seoul seeks to bolster its military capabilities against its nuclear-armed neighbour.

韓國(guó)將組建一支武裝無(wú)人機(jī)部隊(duì)，一旦朝鮮半島出現(xiàn)沖突，無(wú)人機(jī)群將蜂擁飛向朝鮮。目前首爾方面正尋求增強(qiáng)軍事能力，以應(yīng)對(duì)其擁有核武器的鄰國(guó)。

Operated by the army, the unit will primarily engage in reconnaissance missions to survey developments at the North’s nuclear weapons and ballistic missile sites, but could be used to launch swarm attacks, according to people familiar with the matter.

據(jù)知情人士稱，該小隊(duì)由韓國(guó)陸軍指揮，主要執(zhí)行對(duì)朝鮮核武器和彈道導(dǎo)彈試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)的偵察任務(wù)，但也可能用于發(fā)動(dòng)無(wú)人機(jī)集群攻擊。

The establishment of the army unit follows calls from western officials and analysts for South Korea to improve its advanced surveillance technology.

此前，西方官員和分析人士曾呼吁韓國(guó)改進(jìn)其先進(jìn)的監(jiān)控技術(shù)。

It also comes amid growing concerns that the rapid advancement of Pyongyang’s nuclear and ballistic weapons programmes has in effect changed the balance of power in the region.

該無(wú)人機(jī)小隊(duì)的成立，也正值外界日益擔(dān)憂朝鮮核武和彈道導(dǎo)彈計(jì)劃的迅速進(jìn)展實(shí)際上已改變朝鮮半島均勢(shì)之際。

On Tuesday, William Perry, a US defence secretary in the Clinton administration, told a forum it would be “preferable” for South Korea and Japan to develop their own nuclear force — an option that the US has been historically reluctant to support.

周二，曾在克林頓(Clinton)政府擔(dān)任美國(guó)國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)的威廉•佩里(William Perry)在一場(chǎng)座談會(huì)上表示，韓國(guó)和日本“最好”發(fā)展自己的核力量——這是一個(gè)美國(guó)一向不愿支持的選項(xiàng)。

South Korea’s President Moon Jae-in has rejected calls to develop nuclear weapons. But he is facing growing pressure from members of the conservative establishment, who view a balance of nuclear power between the two Koreas as the only way to maintain peace.

韓國(guó)總統(tǒng)文在寅(Moon Jae-in)拒絕了發(fā)展核武器的呼吁。但他面臨的來(lái)自保守建制派成員的壓力越來(lái)越大，后者把韓朝核力量平衡視為維持和平的唯一辦法。

Instead, Seoul is pursuing the establishment of the drone unit that is likely to be modelled on the one created by Israel in 2010.

相反，首爾方面試圖成立無(wú)人機(jī)部隊(duì)，可能參照2010年以色列建立的無(wú)人機(jī)部隊(duì)。

“South Korea’s army plans to create a drone-bot combat unit in 2018 and set up a professional combat team to operate it,” the defence ministry confirmed.

韓國(guó)國(guó)防部證實(shí)：“韓國(guó)陸軍計(jì)劃在2018年成立一支無(wú)人機(jī)機(jī)器人戰(zhàn)斗部隊(duì)，并組建專業(yè)的作戰(zhàn)團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)指揮。”

Drones have featured in conflicts worldwide for more than a decade. But developments in artificial intelligence mean drones will increasingly be able to communicate movements with each other, in effect forming swarms.

無(wú)人機(jī)的參與已成為過(guò)去十多年全球各地沖突的特征之一。但人工智能的發(fā)展意味著無(wú)人機(jī)將日益能夠彼此就行動(dòng)進(jìn)行溝通，實(shí)際上組成無(wú)人機(jī)集群。

“South Korea has reached a level of consensus on swarm technology, but adoption will take a while,” said a person familiar with the military developments. “The army is facing [political] pressure to reduce its forces, so it has to come up with new ideas.”

“韓國(guó)已經(jīng)就無(wú)人機(jī)集群技術(shù)達(dá)成了共識(shí)，但需要一段時(shí)間才能采用該技術(shù)。”一名了解韓國(guó)軍事動(dòng)向的知情人士表示，“陸軍正面臨裁軍的(政治)壓力，因此它不得不想些新主意。”

The technology is being pursued in China, where some believe the country should adopt an “asymmetric” drone strategy rather than try to close the gap in traditional capabilities with the US.

中國(guó)正在發(fā)展這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，一些人認(rèn)為中國(guó)應(yīng)該采取“非對(duì)稱的”無(wú)人機(jī)戰(zhàn)略，而不是試圖縮小其在傳統(tǒng)軍事能力上與美國(guó)的差距。

Experts say such technology could have lethal and non-lethal capabilities. In the case of the latter, a swarm of thousands of cheap but connected drones could prevent area access by clustering around and blocking ships or aircraft.

專家稱，此類技術(shù)可能具備致命性和非致命性的軍事能力。在非致命性的軍事能力方面，由數(shù)千架價(jià)格低廉但相互連通的無(wú)人機(jī)組成的集群，可以通過(guò)包圍和封鎖船只或飛機(jī)來(lái)阻止其進(jìn)入相關(guān)區(qū)域。

“Some of us in the field proposed the Republic of Korea military should take advantage of this superiority against North Korea,” said Bong Young-shik, an expert on North Korean military developments at Yonsei University.

“我們?cè)谠擃I(lǐng)域的一些專家建議韓國(guó)軍方應(yīng)該利用這種優(yōu)勢(shì)來(lái)對(duì)付朝鮮，”延世大學(xué)(Yonsei University)朝鮮軍事發(fā)展方面的專家奉英植(Bong Young-shik)表示。

“Although it is unlikely, if the South Korean military wants, these drones can carry bombs, as the nation is no longer bound by payload limits,” he added, referring to a decision by the Trump administration this year to lift limits on South Korean munitions.

他補(bǔ)充稱，“盡管不太可能，但如果韓國(guó)軍方希望的話，這些無(wú)人機(jī)可以攜帶炸彈，因?yàn)轫n國(guó)已經(jīng)不再受有效載荷限制。”他指的是指今年特朗普政府決定解除對(duì)韓軍售中的這種限制。

Yesterday, Seoul said it would increase its military budget by 7 per cent next year — its biggest jump since 2009 — as a result of the “grim security reality”.

昨天，首爾方面表示，由于“嚴(yán)峻的安全形勢(shì)”，明年將把軍事預(yù)算提高7%——這是自2009年以來(lái)的最大增幅。